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Results for “Biomedical Engineering”

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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Tissue engineering of artificial organs.

Tissue engineering efforts are currently being undertaken for every type of tissue and organ within the urinary system. Most of the effort expended to engineer genitourinary tissues has occurred within the last decade. Tissue engineering techniques require expertise in growth factor biology, a cell culture facility designed for human application, and personnel who have mastered the techniques of cell harvest, culture, and expansion. Polymer scaffold design and manufacturing resources are essential for the successful application of this technology. In order to apply these engineering techniques to humans, further studies need to be performed with many of the tissues described. The first human application of cell-based tissue engineering technology for urologic applications took place at our institution, with the injection of autologous cells for the correction of vesicoureteral reflux in children. The same technology has been expanded to treat adult patients with urinary incontinence. Trials of urethral tissue replacement with processed collagen matrices are in progress, and bladder replacement using tissue engineering techniques are currently being arranged. Recent progress suggests that engineered urologic tissues may have clinical applicability in the future.

Artificial Organs↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cost effective clinical engineering internships in community hospitals.

A cooperative Clinical Engineering Internship Program has been developed jointly by California State University, Sacramento, and Sutter Community Hospital of Sacramento, California. The program, in existence since 1972, was developed and continues to operate on a cost-effective basis. The hospital has benefitted through the utilization of skilled professional personnel (interns), and the university has benefitted from the availability of a clinical engineering "laboratory" for experiential training.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Quality assurance.

This paper explores the pursuit of quality in the area of clinical/biomedical engineering from the perspective of one who looks at the methods for measuring quality from the outside. The health care world is running in many different directions to identify methods for defining and measuring quality. Yet, quality assurance is not a magical process to eliminate all ills from health care. It is a cyclical management process that may make the difference between the long-term growth and development of clinical engineering and the alternative elimination of that function.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hospital technology management: the Tao of clinical engineering.

Planning a profession's future is a formidable task that must be based on both what the members want to become and what is natural to the marketplace. The hospital industry, however, will not wait for clinical engineering to establish its profession. Competition will arise and push aside the unprepared. Clinical engineering's leadership has not created a clear vision of their profession's role in improving healthcare, nor have they helped others to internalize a sincere professional purpose and to share the responsibility for change. This paper examines the profession and articulates action that only clinical engineers can take to increase their value in the hospital industry.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMed1998

Computer assisted orthopaedic surgery. Image guided and robotic assistive technologies.

Technologies are emerging that will influence the way in which orthopaedic surgery is planned, simulated, and performed. Recent advances in the fields of medical imaging, computer vision, and robotics have provided the enabling technologies to permit computer aided surgery to become an established area which can address clinical needs. Although these technologies have been applied in industry for more than 20 years, the field of computer assisted orthopaedic surgery is still in its infancy. Image guided and surgical navigation systems, robotic assistive devices, and surgical simulators have begun to emerge from the laboratory and hold the potential to improve current surgical practice and patients' outcomes. The goals of these new clinically focused technologies are to develop interactive, patient specific preoperative planners to optimize the performance of surgery and the postoperative biologic response, and develop more precise and less invasive interactive smart tools and sensors to assist in the accurate and precise performance of surgery. The medical community is beginning to see the benefit of these enabling technologies which can be realized only through the collaboration and combined expertise of engineers, roboticists, computer scientists, and surgeons.

Biomedical Engineering↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technology assessment--a survey of the clinical engineer's role within the hospital.

Advancements in technology are vital to improve clinical outcomes within the medical community and, in particular, to healthcare systems. The need for a systematic approach to analyzing, assessing and selecting the best new technology for individual hospitals continues to increase in response to this technological growth. To determine the use of technology assessment, the effectiveness of different methods, and the role of clinical engineers and bioengineers in this process, a survey was conducted of clinical engineering departments throughout the United States. The results reveal that technology assessment programs are widely utilized as a team effort between hospital departments. Clinical engineers are playing a key role within these teams as technology managers.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1984

Kinematic and force data collection in biomechanics by means of sonic emitters--I: Kinematic data collection methodology.

In this paper, first, the principles of sonic digitizing are presented. Next, a description of quantitative determination of the relative motion between two body segments by utilization of sonic emitters is provided. A new kinematic data collection methodology and data analysis is proposed to check continuously the accuracy of the data collected by means of the sonic emitters. The first part of the paper is terminated by establishment of an accuracy criteria and selection of the most accurate data set and associated error analysis. Quantitative results based upon the kinematic data collection methodology of Part I were obtained for the forced kinematic motion of the human shoulder complex and are presented in Part II.

Arm↗
PubMed1984

Kinematic and force data collection in biomechanics by means of sonic emitters--II: Force data collection and application to the human shoulder complex.

In multisegmented mathematical models of the human body the most difficult and the least successful modeling of a major articulating joint has been the shoulder complex because of the lack of appropriate biomechanical data as well as the anatomical complexity of the region. In this paper, quantitative results on the variability of the stiffness of the shoulder complex dependent upon orientation of the upper arm are presented by applying the principles and theory developed in Part I. The paper starts with a description of a multiple-axis force and moment transducer and its utilization with sonic emitters in determining direction as well as location of the general force and moment vectors applied on a body segment. The numerical results which are presented for three subjects are in the form of plots showing the passive resistance of the shoulder complex as functions of drawer displacements of the upper arm along its long bone axis. Exponential and power curve fitting of the numerical results are also provided to establish intra-subject variations and similarities of the behavioral patterns of the axial stiffness characteristics of the human shoulder complex.

Arm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Technology assessment and equipment management: a practical approach to cost reduction.

The Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston, SC) responded to the necessity of reducing costs in a competitive marketplace by developing a program called Technology Assessment and Equipment Management. The program uses a process that systematically evaluates clinical equipment acquisitions and provides over sight on equipment management within the 587-bed tertiary care center. This article reviews how equipment is evaluated and purchased emphasizing cost control.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2000

Renal therapy using tissue-engineered constructs and gene delivery.

Currently available renal replacement therapies are not optimal for most patients. In addition to the inherent shortage of transplant organs, significant complications are associated with renal transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Dialysis neglects the resorptive, homeostatic, metabolic, and endocrinologic functions of the kidney and only partially replaces its filtration properties, resulting in morbidity and mortality. Application of tissue-engineering techniques may improve many aspects of renal function replacement. Identification of the growth factors capable of directing tissue development and of the technique to be used for their delivery would aid in the engineering of human tissue. The combination of tissue-engineering strategies with gene therapy might allow the transfection of diseased tissues with designated cDNA to eliminate inherent or acquired defects. Devices that have been targeted at replacing a single aspect of renal function, in addition to three-dimensional renal units that are capable of excreting urine-like solutes, have been used experimentally. Combination of these strategies may allow the formation of tissue-engineered kidneys in the future.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2003

Diversity and dynamics of microbial communities in engineered environments and their implications for process stability.

The availability of molecular biological tools for studying microbial communities in bioreactors and other engineered systems has resulted in remarkable insights linking diversity and dynamics to process stability. As engineered systems are often more manageable than large-scale ecosystems, and because parallels between engineered environments and other ecosystems exist, the former can be used to elucidate some unresolved ecological issues. For example, the process stability of methanogenic bioreactors containing well-defined trophic groups appears to depend on the diversity of the functional groups within each trophic level as well as on how these functional groups complement each other. In addition to using engineered systems to study general ecological questions, microbial ecologists and environmental engineers need to investigate conditions, processes, and interactions in engineered environments in order to make the ecological engineering of bioreactor design and operation more practicable.

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena↗