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At least 1,459 records · Page 81Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Polygalacturonase produced in apple tissue decayed by Botrytis cinerea.

An exo-polygalacturonase with an isoelectric point of 4.6 and an apparent molecular weight of 45 kDa was isolated from apple tissue decayed by Botrytis cinerea. This isozyme had a similar isoelectric point, optimum pH, and mode of action as an isozyme produced in liquid culture by B. cinerea. The enzyme produced in the decayed tissue was less sensitive to lower pH and less inhibited by CaCl2, MgCl2, or NaCl than the enzyme produced in culture. Such changes in the properties of the enzyme produced in infected tissue could have been essential for the pathogen's successful colonization of the host tissue. Among the cations studied, calcium was the best inhibitor of PG activity.

Chlorides↗
PubMed1994

[Osmotic dehydration of apple (Grany Smith) with different osmotic solutions].

The process of osmotic dehydration in apple rings at 40 degrees, 50 degrees and 60 degrees C in two osmotic agents were studied. The agents were similar in concentration, water activity and viscosity but differed in composition. The weight loss, water content, solids uptake and Brix showed differences in the medius studied. In syrup corn medium, the weight loss was higher and the solids uptake was lower than syrup sucrose. The polysacharides from the syrup corn lowered solutes uptake and the water out was facilited.

Food Preservation↗
PubMed1994

Sex ratio and susceptibility of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata.

Golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata, were collected at two localities having different ecological environments. In both canal and pond, P. canaliculata males were found more than females during the dry season (summer and winter). In the canal, the male snails were highest in number (86.67%) in May. When rain started, they began decreasing and were lowest at 33.33% in August. Of 575 snails collected, 30.6% were infected by one or more of the three groups of amphistome, distome and echinostome metacercariae. There were two high peaks of infection in April and October, as 60.7% and 68.4%, respectively, during which there were more males than females. The average number of parasites per snail which was highest at 54 was found in the medium-sized males (25 out of 35 males) in October. The number of parasites per snail was significantly correlated with the collected males (p < 0.01), but such relationship was not occurred with the females. Of the females, only the large-sized individuals were infected. In the pond, the female snails were present in much greater numbers than the males during the reproductive time (June-September). The females were highest (94.23%) in August. Only 24 (4.0%) of 605 snails were infected; most of the infected snails were large.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Capillary gas chromatographic determination of thiabendazole in citrus and apple juices.

A rapid and simple procedure for the determination of thiabendazole (TBZ) residue in citrus and apple juices is described. A juice sample is made basic with 2M NaOH and applied to a disposable Extrelut prepacked column. TBZ is eluted with hexane-ethyl acetate (3 + 1) from the column. The eluate is evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure and then dissolved in an internal standard solution. TBZ is monitored without derivatization by capillary gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. The recoveries of TBZ added to fruit juices at 0.05-1.0 micrograms/g were 90-96%. The limit of detection of the method for TBZ was 0.01 micrograms/g. The proposed method is rapid, simple, and sensitive and is applicable to the determination of TBZ in commercial fruit juices.

Beverages↗
PubMed1994

[Ultrastructural study of host-parasite relations: early phases of Venturia inaequalis installation on susceptible and resistance apple leaves].

The penetration mechanism study of Venturia inaequalis is undertaken on leaves of scab-susceptible and scab-resistant apple cultivars. The penetration through the cuticle occurs whatever the host phenotype. The resistance will be expressed when the infectious hyphae is in contact with the epidermal cell wall. The epidermal cell of susceptible variety does not show any modification. The resistant variety reaction is very fast, since twenty hours after penetration many wall appositions are setting, the cytoplasm strongly degenerates and the parasite hyphae are already necrotic. The contact between the host and the parasite is always very complex in the case of resistant host. The rapidity and the important cytological modifications of the host parasite interaction connect this reaction to an hypersensitive reaction.

Ascomycota↗
PubMed1993

Polygalacturonase isozymes from Botrytis cinerea grown on apple pectin.

Five isozymes (four acidic and one basic) of polygalacturonase were separated by chromatofocusing from the culture filtrate of Botrytis cinerea grown on apple pectin. The isozymes, designated as Polygalacturonase I to V, have isoelectric points of 9.7, 4.9, 4.6, 3.7, and 2.7, respectively, with Polygalacturonase III exhibiting the highest specific activity. Polygalacturonase I appeared to function as an endo-polygalacturonase while the other four isozymes act as exo-polygalacturonases. The pH optima of the isozymes range from pH 4.5 to 5.5 with Polygalacturonase V being less sensitive to higher pH compared with the rest of the isozymes.

Chromatography, Thin Layer↗
PubMed1993

[Apple-peel jejunal atresia. Nutritional management].

Apple-peel jejunal atresia is a rare digestive tract congenital defect often accompanied with a short gut. Two cases managed by a three-stage medical and surgical approach are reported. A protein hydrolysate-jejunal secretion mixture was drip-fed through the distal ileostomy to stimulate trophicity of the distal gut.

Enteral Nutrition↗
PubMed1993

Natural parasitic infection of the golden apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata.

Golden apple snails, Pomacea canaliculata, were collected once a month during a year to search for their natural parasites. The collections were made at two localities having different ecological environments. Of 576 collected snails from a canal, 176 individuals (30.6%) were infected by three groups of metacercariae. These parasites were amphistome, distome and echinostome metacercariae, which had prevalences of 23.5, 19.5 and 0.5%, respectively. The incidence of infection was highest (68.4% in October) when the snail population was composed of the old, juvenile and young Pomacea. Amphistome metacercariae were found most frequently and echinostome metacercariae the least frequently; both parasites were localized in the foot muscle of the snails and had a Shannon index of zero. The range of amphistomes was 1 to 115 with the mean +/- SD of 1 +/- 2 and 95% CL of 1, 2. Distome metacercariae were found primarily in the heart (range: 1-13), and also in the foot muscle (range: 1-5) and kidney (range: 1-14), with a Shannon index of 0.4. The means +/- SD (with 95% CL) were 3 +/- 4 (95% CL = 1, 5), 3 +/- 4 (95% CL = 2, 4) and 2 +/- 1 (95% CL = 1, 2) for the foot muscle, heart and kidney, respectively. The snails from a pond, another locality, had a low proportion of infected individuals. Of 605 snails, only 24 individuals (4.0%) were infected, with the prevalence of amphistomes, distomes and echinostomes being 0.8, 1.8 and 2.1%, respectively. The incidence of infection for each month was zero or less than 10%, except in May when it was 30.2%.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Development of tinyPACS: a distributed image database system under Apple Macintosh network.

We have attempted to develop a medical image service system at the Miyazaki Medical College, Japan. This new system, unlike PACS, requires a certain level of image sharpness, with compacted data for practical medical use; it has improved slow response time, expensive running costs, and poor user interfaces. Regarding resolution, a picture is composed of 512x5l2 dots, making its bit depth 8 bits. As a result, a gray scale image requires 256KB, with 8 bits and color image 768KB respectively. Compacting the image data with QuickTime, the gray scale image occupies only 25KB and a color image 75KB. On the clinical terminals (Apple Macintosh), an image can be referred to by the doctor by typing the ID number of the patient. The picture resolution was evaluated as satisfactory for use in daily practice by doctors working here. The performance of tinyPACS and its future problems will be discussed.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1977

[Thin-layer chromatographic determination of chlordimeform in cucumbers and apples].

The author describes two methods for the thin-layer chromatographic determination of chlordimeform residues in cucumbers and apples. Chlordimeform is determined alone or together with its relevant metabolites after conversion into 4-chloro-o-toluidine. The limit of detection is 0.1 and 0.05 p.p.m., respectively. The rate of recovery is 76-85 and 90-105%, respectively. Studies on the stability of the residues and on the metabolism and distribution of chlordimeform in cucumbers are discussed.

Amidines↗
PubMed1997

Screening of apple mosaic virus in hop cultivars in the Czech Republic by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Thirteen cultivars of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) were tested by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of apple mosaic virus (ApMV). The virus was detected in various amounts in all tested cultivars. Control hop clones derived from tissue cultures, treated by thermotherapy and maintained in greenhouse were virus-free. The procedure for sample preparation and RT-PCR of ApMV is described in detail.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1977

Simultaneous determination of captan and captafol in apples and potatoes by thin layer chromatography and in situ fluorometry.

A simple method is described for the simultaneous quantitative determination of captan [N-(trichloromethylthio)-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydrophthalimide] and captafol [N-(1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethylthio) -3a,4,7,7a - tetrahydrophthalimide] in apples and potatoes. The fungicide residues are extracted with acetonitrile, partitioned into a solution of methylene chloride in petroleum ether, separated from each other and the co-extractives on a thin layer chromatographic plate impregnated with aluminum chloride, sprayed with sodium chlorate, and heated. The fluorescence is then measured directly from the chromatogram. Recoveries were greater than 90% in the test crops at the 0.2 ppm level.

Captan↗
PubMed1997

[Thorn apple poisoning].

A 20-year-old man presented with signs of thornapple intoxication: restlessness, disorientation, hallucinations, euphoria, and furthermore dry and red skin and symmetrical dilation of the pupils. Thornapple intoxication mimics atropine intoxication. Thorn apples (Datura stramonium) are seemingly becoming popular as a hallucinogenic drug. When the symptoms are mild gastric lavage leaving active charcoal in the stomach afterwards will suffice. In case of severe symptoms treatment with physostigmine is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Double-blind comparison of an apple pectin-chamomile extract preparation with placebo in children with diarrhea].

In a prospective, double-blind, randomised, multicentre, parallel group study, children (6 months to 5.5 years of age) with acute, non-complicated diarrhea received either a preparation containing apple pectin and chamomile extract (Diarrhoesan, n = 39) or placebo (n = 40) in addition to the usual rehydration and realimentation diet. At the end of three days of treatment, the diarrhea had ended significantly (p < 0.05) more frequently in the pectin/chamomile (33/39) than in the placebo group (23/40). Pectin/chamomile reduced the duration of diarrhea significantly (p < 0.05) by at least 5.2 h. The parents documented the well-being in a diary twice daily; in contrast to placebo, a trend of continuous improvement was observed in the pectin/chamomile group. The parents expressed their contentment more frequently (82%) with pectin/chamomile than with placebo (60%, not significant). There were no further differences between the treatment groups.

Antidiarrheals↗
PubMed1976

[New methods for analysis and evaluation of sensory qualities of foods and calculation of changes. 10. Quantitative titrimetric determination of irradiation flavor in apple juice and concentrate and its dependence on radiation dosage].

Irradiation flavour in apple juice and concentrate which is mainly attributable, according to our previous studies, to tetrahydrofuran (THF) that may be quantitatively determined by means of the so-called mercury acetate method. This is based on the fact that the amount of a 4% solution of mercury acetate needed for removing the THF odour is proportional to the THF concentration. Using this method, the amounts of THF produced by various gamma radiation doses (varying from 0.64 to 2.55 Mrad) could be determined titrimetrically. Calculations showed that the THF concentration increases linearly with the radiation dose. Thus, the minimum radiation doses at which the irradiation flavour is first perceived (threshold of perception) may be calculated readily. The mercury acetate method is also a model case of the use of subjective olfactometry for the quantitative determination of flavour key substances in foods so far as they may be quantitatively determined by means of chemical reactions since the endpoint of titration is controlled by the sense of smell.

Chemical Phenomena↗