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PubMedDate not supplied

Some aspects of Bangalore's growth 1941-1991.

"Relying on census data from 1941 to 1991, the study examines the patterns of population growth in Bangalore city [India] and its extensions. To the extent possible, data have been adjusted for boundary shifts and changes in the definition of workers. After assessing the contribution of migration to the growth of Bangalore, the paper reviews the changes that have taken place in the economic base of Bangalore. The paper notes that urban infrastructure development has not kept pace with population growth."

Asia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Work, family, and women's status: considerations on the demand for children].

"This paper focuses on the changes in women's [status in Brazil] due to the transition from the regime of colonato to wage labor in Sao Paulo's agriculture. This analysis of the constraints on woman tries to uncover the different capacity of systems of labor organization to accomodate high fertility. It argues that the subordination to a pre-established [structure] makes it very difficult to combine female productive and reproductive roles." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health workforce imbalances in times of globalization: brain drain or professional mobility?

The health workforce is of strategic importance to the performance of national health systems as well as of international disease control initiatives. The brain drain from rural to urban areas, and from developing to industrialized countries is a long-standing phenomenon in the health professions but has in recent years taken extreme proportions, particularly in Africa. Adopting the wider perspective of health workforce balances, this paper presents an analysis of the underlying mechanisms of health professional migration and possible strategies to reduce its negative impact on health services. The opening up of international borders for goods and labour, a key strategy in the current liberal global economy, is accompanied by a linguistic shift from 'human capital flight' and 'brain drain' to 'professional mobility' or 'brain circulation'. In reality, this mobility is very asymmetrical, to the detriment of less developed countries, which lose not only much-needed human resources, but also considerable investments in education and fiscal income. It is argued that low professional satisfaction and the decreasing social valuation of the health professionals are important determinants of the decreasing attraction of the health professions, which underlies both the push from the exporting countries, as well as the pull from the recipient countries. Solutions should therefore be based on this wider perspective, interrelating health workforce imbalances between, but also within developing and developed countries.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed2002

Dental aid organisations: baseline data about their reality today.

AIM: To collect basic data about non-governmental dental aid organisations on a global scale and thus contribute to a better understanding of their diversity, activities and limitations. METHODS: Data was collected through a mailed questionnaire to all organisations listed by the FDI World Dental Federation. A second questionnaire was e-mailed to those organisations identified as non-governmental organisations (NGO) by the first questionnaire. FINDINGS: The response rate to the first questionnaire to detect NGOs was 36.2%, to the second e-mailed form 84.4%. About two thirds of NGOs originated in developed countries, one third responded from developing countries. The majority had been established after 1980. Developed countries dental NGOs tended to have larger membership and disposed of greater budgets. In general, income was generated predominantly from donations and own resources. The workforce was primarily based on volunteers. High priority activities: service provision, education and training, technical assistance, community development. Measures for quality assurance showed low complexity. Frequent areas of problems were associated with funding and staff. Collaborative links with other stakeholders in development were weak and focussed on information exchange. CONCLUSIONS: Recommendations for NGOs, donors, FDI and future research are developed.

Budgets↗
PubMed2000

Information needs and uses of the public health workforce--Washington, 1997-1998.

Substantial efforts have been made to ensure that state and local public health agencies have the information technology and training needed for public health communications, information access, and data exchange. Numerous public health-related data and information resources are available on the World-Wide Web (e.g., MEDLINE, MMWR, CDC Prevention Guidelines Database, and Emerging Infectious Diseases); however, little systematic work has been done to understand the information needs of the public health workforce. To identify these needs and patterns of use and to set priorities for developing new online public health information resources, the University of Washington School of Public Health and Community Medicine (UW SPHCM) and the Washington State Department of Health (WSDoH) held structured and facilitated discussions with segments of the local public health workforce in Washington during 1997-1998. This report summarizes the results of those discussions, which indicate that different segments of the public health workforce have different information needs.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Towards a nursing minimum data set for Ireland: making Irish nursing visible.

AIM: The aim of this study was to identify patient problems, nursing interventions and nursing outcomes to be included in a nursing minimum data set for Ireland. BACKGROUND: In 2002, a research programme funded by the Irish Health Research Board, was established to develop and test a nursing minimum data set to capture the nursing contribution to patient care in Ireland. A nursing minimum data set is comprised of the smallest number of information items required to capture the range of patient problems, nursing interventions and nursing outcomes recorded by nurses on a regular basis. Nursing minimum data sets have been developed in several countries for a range of applications such as workforce planning, financing nursing care, examining patient profiles and forecasting trends in nursing diagnoses. METHOD: Eleven focus groups were conducted with 59 registered general nurses to explore their conceptualizations of patient problems, nursing interventions and nursing outcomes. In addition, data relating to nurses' recordings of patient problems, nursing interventions and nursing outcomes were collected from a sample of 45 sets nursing records. The research took place between January 2003 and April 2004. FINDINGS: A range of patient problems, nursing interventions and outcomes were identified that were similar to those found in existing nursing minimum data sets. However, several new items and categories of items were also identified, justifying the empirical approach taken to generate the initial list of items. Data from nursing records supported several points raised in focus groups and also highlighted some inconsistencies between nurses' perceptions and recordings of what they do. CONCLUSION: Our research identified several new types of indirect interventions and managing/organizing activities in addition to items found in existing nursing minimum data sets. The importance of these aspects of the nursing contribution to patient care will be tested further in the development of the Irish nursing minimum data set.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The dynamics of the health labour market.

One of the most important components of health care systems is human resources for health (HRH)--the people that deliver the services. One key challenge facing policy makers is to ensure that health care systems have sufficient HRH capacity to deliver services that improve or maintain population health. In a predominantly public system, this involves policy makers assessing the health care needs of the population, deriving the HRH requirements to meet those needs, and putting policies in place that move the current HRH employment level, skill mix, geographic distribution and productivity towards the desired level. This last step relies on understanding the labour market dynamics of the health care sector, specifically the determinants of labour demand and labour supply. We argue that traditional HRH policy in developing countries has focussed on determining the HRH requirements to address population needs and has largely ignored the labour market dynamics aspect. This is one of the reasons that HRH policies often do not achieve their objectives. We argue for the need to incorporate more explicitly the behaviour of those who supply labour--doctors, nurses and other providers--those who demand labour, and how these actors respond to incentives when formulating health workforce policy.

Delivery of Health Care↗