Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “profiling”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

The medical profile of unidentified problem drinkers in general practice: test of an hypothesis.

In order to facilitate general practitioner (GP) detection of problem drinkers the Dutch College of General Practitioners developed a standard specifying the differences in medical profile between problem drinker and non-problem drinkers. The standard mentions 35 Reasons for Encounter (RFEs) and GP Evaluations (Es) that are thought to be specific for problem drinkers. The studies referred to in the standard base their conclusions about differences in medical profile upon a comparison of problem drinkers already identified by the GP with other patients. This study tests the hypothesis that the medical profile specified by the standard also applies to unidentified problem drinkers. All known problem drinkers in the practices of 16 GPs, as well as a one in 10 random sample of patients considered to be non-drinkers were admitted to the study at their first surgery visit during a 1-year period. Hidden problem drinkers were detected by means of a screening questionnaire, although the results were not conveyed to the GP until the study was completed. Over the 1-year study period the GPs then registered all RFEs and Es of the study population. RFE and E sum scores were then constructed based on the Alcohol Standard. The estimated population prevalence of problem drinking, corrected for the one in 10 sample fraction was 7%. We found 6% problem drinkers (n = 78) in the category regarded by the GPs as non-problem drinkers (n = 1254). Differences in RFEs and Es between hidden problem drinkers and those regarded as non-problem drinkers were significant for irregular heartbeat and psychological problems. Sexual problems were significant at the RFE level, social problems at the E level. When identified problem drinkers are compared with non-problem drinkers more differences in the medical profile are found (four times both RFE and E; twice RFE and once E). We conclude that most of the published differences in the medical profile between problem drinkers and other GP patients are not found for unidentified problem drinkers. The observed differences between unidentified problem drinkers and non-problem drinkers are too small to be helpful to the GP to detect problem drinkers.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Importance of the clinical profile in the postmenopausal osteoporosis screening by densitometry].

In order to test the impact of a given risk profile on the incidence of osteoporosis which could justify BMD measurement, and that of a low risk profile which could render it unnecessary, BMD was measured in 217 women under 72 in whom menopause had occurred at least 6 years previously and who corresponded to one of the two following profiles: high risk (A, n = 102) = BMI < 27 kg/m2, with no estrogen replacement treatment, and with at least one of the following risk factors: BMI < 20, early menopause, positive family history, no dairy products associated with tobacco consumption (> 10 cigarettes/day for > 20 years and/or alcohol consumption of > 0.5 l wine/day during > 10 years, corticotherapy of > 6 months, rickets, anorexia nervosa. Low risk (B, n = 115) = absence of characteristics of group A, BMI > 27 kg/m2 with (B+, n = 24) or without estrogen therapy (B-, n = 91). BMD was measured by DXA in 4 centers using Lunar or Hologic equipment. Results were expressed in % of the mean of the respective young adult control groups. As expected, BMD was significantly different in these two subgroups of the population. Osteoporosis was diagnosed (BMD < 75% = < -2.5 SD, according to WHO) in 72% of group A, and in 17% (B+) and 19% (B-) respectively of group B. There was no difference between the various risk factors in group A concerning their impact on BMD, but concerning incidence, low BMI and early menopause were the most frequent. The high risk profile of group A seems to justify densitometry, since it leads to the diagnosis of osteoporosis in over 70%. However, the protective profile of group B does not exclude osteoporosis (risk still 20%); only in severe obesity (BMI > 33) does it drop to 1%.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed1996

Feminization of hepatic cytochrome P450s by nominal levels of growth hormone in the feminine plasma profile.

The feminine profile of continuous growth hormone secretion was restored at various concentrations to hypophysectomized, thyroxine-supplemented female rats to determine the minimum signaling concentrations of the hormone required to maintain female-like expression levels of gender-dependent hepatic cytochrome P450s (P450s). Rat growth hormone was infused by intraperitoneally implanted osmotic minipumps, and the resulting circulating concentrations and profiles were determined by radioimmunoassay of serially collected plasma samples. Restoration of feminine growth hormone profiles at 3% of physiological concentration completely suppressed male-specific CYP2C11, CYP2C13, CYP2A2, and CYP3A2. Although significant levels of female-dependent isoforms were expressed at this growth hormone concentration, their full expression required, somewhat higher plasma concentrations of the hormone; CYP2A1 and 5 alpha-reductase were increased to normal female levels with only 6-12% of physiological concentrations of the hormone, normal expression levels of CYP2C12 required approximately 12-25% physiological hormone levels, and CYP2C7 required approximately 25-50% of the normal growth hormone profile to attain female-like expression levels. When determined, protein and specific catalytic activities were in agreement with mRNA levels, supporting the conclusion that growth hormone regulates gender-dependent expression of P450 isoforms by transcription initiation. There was little effect of gender, hypophysectomy, or growth hormone replacement on CYP2C6, growth hormone receptor, and growth hormone-binding protein mRNAs. In contrast, insulin-like growth factor-1 mRNA was sexually dimorphic (male > female), virtually disappeared after hypophysectomy, and was restored to female-like levels with plasma growth hormone concentrations equaling 12-25% of normal. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of nominal growth hormone concentrations (undetectable by available radioimmunoassay) in an otherwise feminine plasma profile to maintain female-like expression levels of gender-dependent P450s.

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase↗
PubMed1996

[Computer-assisted analysis of urethral pressure profiles in the woman].

The regular urethral stress profile which is applied for the diagnosis in urinary stress incontinence has been modified in two respects: Volley-like increasing pressure and a final spline-interpolation. With this method it is possible to analyze virtual standards for any variable of the profile. Measurements were carried out in 20 stress incontinent female patients compared with 10 healthy women. Urinary stress incontinence could not be verified through regular profiles (i.e. methods) in each of the 20 impaired patients. After the stress profile had been modified we proved that 11 Aases auf twenty definitely suffered from urethral insufficiency, 6 patients showed a deterioration of the profile and 3 had no change. It is possible to prove urinary stress incontinence by tracing the dynamics of the urethral pressure response which shows an irregular pattern in incontinent women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The specific serological profile in hepatitis B virus infection in children].

UNLABELLED: Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) has a very well known specific serologic profile. In the last years the molecular biology methods reveal some "particular serological profiles" by genomic mutation. One particular profile consists in the absence of anti-HBc total antibodies simultaneously with the presence of HBsAg. Our tested group consists of 372 children aged 0.1 to 15 years. The presence of HBsAg was determined by ELISA "sandwich" and confirmed by neutralisation test. For HIV infection we used two ELISA tests (competitive and indirect) and the Western Blot test for confirmation. Of the total, there were 13 children HBsAg positive and without anti-HBc antibody (3.49% respectively), 7 of the 13 children (53.8%) were dystrophic and 4 were HIV positive (30.76%). From 372 cases, 104 were HBsAg positive (27.9%) and 53 (14.2%) of them had chronic hepatitis. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The particular serologic profile requires the testing of all serological markers specific for HBV. 2. This particular serologic profile is correlated with HIV positive status and dystrophy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Neuropsychologic functioning in autism: profile of a complex information processing disorder.

Neurobehavioral theories of autism have hypothesized core deficits in sensory input or perception, basic attentional abilities or generalized attention to extrapersonal space, anterograde memory, auditory information processing, higher order memory abilities, conceptual reasoning abilities, executive function, control mechanisms of attention, and higher order abilities across domains. A neuropsychologic battery designed to investigate these hypotheses was administered to 33 rigorously diagnosed autistic individuals with IQ scores greater than 80, and 33 individually matched normal controls. Stepwise discriminant function was used to define the profile of neuropsychologic functioning across domains. The neuropsychologic profile in these autistic individuals was defined by impairments in skilled motor, complex memory, complex language, and reasoning domains, and by intact or superior performance in the attention, simple memory, simple language, and visual-spatial domains. This profile is not consistent with mental retardation or with a general deficit syndrome, but rather with a selective impairment in complex information processing that does not involve visual-spatial processing. This profile is not consistent with a single primary deficit, but with a multiple primary deficit model in which the deficit pattern within and across domains is reflective of the complexity of the information processing demands. This neuropsychologic profile is furthermore consistent with the neurophysiologic characterization of autism as a late information processing disorder with sparing of early information processing.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A strategic supportive model for health prevention in the elderly: profile of a Puerto Rican geriatric population in a public health sector.

OBJECTIVE: To introduce the ASSUME study with the presentation of a clinical, socio-demographic, preventive and psychological profile of a geriatric population of patients who receive their health care in the General Internal Medicine Ambulatory Sector of our institution. METHODS: The Assume study is a prospective, randomized trial which is directed at increasing the participation of patients in preventive health care strategies at a primary, secondary and tertiary level. In this paper we focus on the initial stage of the process which aims to define and synthesize predisposing risk factors in the geriatric patient which would be amenable to primary, secondary and tertiary preventive strategies. Through a process of patient interview profiles of a physical, social and psychological nature are have been constructed. With the availability of this profile a clearer definition of the potential benefit of preventive strategies could be established. In this paper we present the initial profile of patients of all patients randomized to the study as of Sept. 01, 1997. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients have been enrolled with 48(39%) males and 75(61%) females. The mean age of patients is 70 years with a median of 68 years. Cardiovascular disorders establish the leading disease events in our population of patients with Hypertension in 85%, Ischemic heart disease in 50%, Myocardial Infarction in 19% and 40% with a history of Congestive Heart failure. Diabetes and Heart Failure were seen in 40%. An average of 4.4 prescribed drugs per patient was documented. A minority of patients took more than 7 drugs and none took more than 9 medications. Most patients (67 or 55%) had not required hospitalizations in the preceding 12 months and none of the patients required more than 4 hospitalizations. The average LOS was 8.60 days. The Preventive Medicine profile reveals a large number of un-vaccinated adults. Regular cigarette smoking was seen in 12%. We have used the body mass index as a measure of adequacy of weight. We highlight the number of patients who have a BMI equivalent to an obese, severely obese or morbidly obese category (41%). The number of patients who follow a prescribed diet was found to be 54 patients for 44% of the study group. With regards to the interventions primarily designed for early cancer detecting, approximately half of the patients undergo the recommended annual screening interventions. The screening of visual accuracy was reported in 54%, dental screen (24%) and auditory screening (15%). Nearly a quarter of patients have severe depression. The CAPE testing reveal that in the information and orientation section most patients presented none or light dysfunction(87%). In the conductual phase marked or severe impairment was detected in 12% of patients. In the mental ability section 22% of patients presented marked or severe impairment. CONCLUSION: The geriatric population studied would benefit from modalities which would increment the modern modalities for primary and secondary prevention of disease. Follow-up studies will allow the evaluation of the effectiveness of the conceptual model proposed, which would increment the patient participation in these preventive modalities.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Fetal assessment based on the fetal biophysical profile score: relationship of last BPS result to subsequent cerebral palsy.

OBJECTIVE: The prime intent of this study was to determine the relationship if any between the last fetal biophysical profile score and the risk of cerebral palsy at age 3 years. The secondary objective was to examine the clinical characteristics of infants with cerebral palsy whose obstetric management included serial fetal biophysical profile scores. STUDY DESIGN: The incidence of a high risk pregnant population whose antenatal assessment was by serial fetal biophysical profile scoring was determined by cross-referencing two discrete data bases. The completeness and reliability of the data bases was confirmed by secondary audit. Obstetrical, neonatal and post-natal clinical records of index cases of cerebral palsy were subsequently reviewed, categorized and analyzed. RESULTS: Fetal biophysical profile scores (BPS) were recorded in 22,336 high risk pregnancies: 27 patients delivered an infant subsequently identified as having cerebral palsy (rate 1.21 per 1000). The relationship between last BPS result and cerebral palsy was inverse, exponential and highly significant (R2 = 0.987; p < 0.001). Affected infants with a last abnormal BPS result were significantly more likely to exhibit fetal distress (88.8%), acidosis (77.7%), and have neonatal seizures (88.8%). Antenatal asphyxia was the apparent cause of cerebral damage in 29.6% of cases. CONCLUSION: The last fetal biophysical profile score is a predictor of the risk of cerebral palsy.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1997

Radiographic cephalometry of the facial profile.

Radiographic cephalometry is a biomorphological measuring method used in the prosthodontics as well, and for the facial profile analysis of persons with complete dentures. The purpose of this examination was to objectivize the facial esthetics in patients with complete dentures. The measurements were taken from LL X-ray radiographs obtained by the apparatus "Ortoceph 10" (Siemens, Bensheim, Germany). On the sample of 80 subjects a convexity angle of facial bone structures (N-A: A-Pg) and profile angle of soft facial tissue (ft-unt: lnt-ct) have been examined. The subjects were divided into a group with upper and lower complete dentures (20 males and 20 females) and a group with natural teeth of eugnatic characteristics (20 male and 20 female). The measurements were taken by standard protractor at 0.5% precision. The statistical analysis within and among groups has been made by F-test and t-test respectively. The results showed that the bone structure convexity angle span a range between 0 degree and 5.5 degrees (X = 2.5 degrees), and the facial profile angle between 139.5 degrees and 155 degrees (X = 149 degrees) in persons with complete dentures. In persons with natural teeth the values of bone structure convexity angles span a range between -0.5 degree and 4.8 degrees (X = 2 degrees), and the facial profile angle between 136 degrees and 155.5 degrees (X = 151 degrees). The results of tests proved that there were no statistically significant differences in examined variables between persons with natural teeth and those with complete dentures (p > 0.05). The conclusion is that clinical methods of determining the vertical and horizontal intermaxilliary relations used in the designing procedures of complete dentures were reliable enough in reconstruction of examined angles of soft and hard facial profile structures.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1996

Cephalometric analysis of profile nasal esthetics. Part III. Postoperative changes after isolated superior repositioning.

In part I of this study, a method for the objective evaluation of profile nasal esthetics was presented and applied to establish normative values for young adult white males and females. Male and female nasal profile esthetics were found to be virtually identical. In part II, the data from the preoperative lateral cephalograms of 13 young adult white female patients with vertical maxillary excess (VME) were compared to the normative data established for females in part I. Results showed a distinct nasal profile in patients with VME. In this part of the study, the postoperative lateral cephalograms of the 13 female patients from part II were analyzed after surgical correction of their vertical maxillary dysplasia to determine if returning the maxilla to a more normal position effected similar changes in nasal profile esthetics. All patients had superior repositioning of the maxilla for which the magnitude of movement was greatest in the superior direction, with the mean movement being 2.3 mm superiorly. The results revealed that surgical correction of VME effected normalization of most of the nasal profile esthetic characteristics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The G protein-coupling profile of metabotropic glutamate receptors, as determined with exogenous G proteins, is independent of their ligand recognition domain.

Metabotropic glutamate (mGlu), Ca2+-sensing, gamma-aminobutyric acidB, and a large number of pheromone receptors constitute a peculiar family of G protein-coupled receptors. They possess a large extracellular domain that has been proposed to constitute their ligand binding domain. The aim of the current study was to examine whether this large ligand binding domain had any influence on the G protein-coupling selectivity of the receptor, and vice versa. We chose mGlu receptors, which are classified into three groups according to their sequence homology and pharmacology, as representatives of this receptor family. To define a G protein-coupling profile for these receptors, we used a set of exogenous phospholipase C-activating G proteins in the same way that synthetic ligands are used to define agonist and antagonist pharmacological profiles. This set includes Galpha15, Galpha16, Galphaq, and chimeric Galphaq proteins with the last few amino acids of either Galphai2 (Galphaqi), Galphao (Galphaqo), or Galphaz (Galphaqz). Cotransfection of mGlu receptors with these G proteins and examination of their coupling to phospholipase C revealed that group I, II, and III receptors have distinct G protein-coupling profiles. By swapping the extracellular domains of the most distantly related mGlu receptors (the rat group I mGlu1a and the Drosophila melanogaster group II DmGluA receptors), we show that the extracellular domain determines the agonist pharmacological profile and that this domain does not modify the G protein-coupling profile determined by the seven-transmembrane-domain region of mGlu receptors.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1998

[Factors associated with an atherogenic lipid profile in premenopausal women without clinical cardiovascular disease].

BACKGROUND: To investigate different factors associated to a non desirable lipid profile in premenopausal women without cardiovascular disease. To determine the independent factors of lipid profile as a whole of the sample, for planning preventive studies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We study (March 1994 to June 1996) premenopausal women with alcohol consumption less than 14 g/day and normal serum level of glucose. Group I: women with a non desirable lipid profile (total cholesterol [TCH, mg/dl]/high density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C, mg/dl] > or = 5). Group II: with a desirable lipid profile (TCH/HDL-C < 5). The following factors were analyzed: age, body mass index (BMI), waist/hip ratio (W/H), systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg), fasting plasma insulin (fpI, microU/ml), cigarette smoke (CS) and presence of parents with history of non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or hypertension. STATISTICAL METHODS: Mann-Whitney and Student statistics. Contingency-table analysis (chi 2 statistic). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: We analyzed 126 women (age = 30 +/- 8.2; 95% CI, 29-32; TCH = 197 +/- 36; 95% CI, 190-203 mg/dl), with 20 women (group I) and 106 (group II). Women from group I had higher values of W/H (0.83 +/- 0.04 vs 0.78 +/- 0.06; p < 0.001), BMI (29.9 +/- 9 vs 24.6 +/- 4.9; p < 0.03), fpI (12.9 +/- 10.4 vs 7.8 +/- 3.5; p < 0.05), SBP (125.9 vs 117; p < 0.02), as well as higher percentage of smokers (75 vs 40%; p < 0.01) and parents with NIDDM (60 vs 26%; p < 0.01) or hypertension (60 vs 49%; NS). No differences of age were detected (32 +/- 7.3 vs 30 +/- 8.3; NS). BMI (0.32; p < 0.01), W/H (0.50; p < 0.01), SBP (0.27; p < 0.01) and fpI (0.33; p < 0.01) were positively correlated with TCH/HDL-C ratio (n = 126). In multiple regression analysis (n = 126), W/H (regression coefficient = 6.1; 95% CI, 3.1-9.1), fpI (regression coefficient = 0.045; 95% CI, 0.018-0.072) and CS (regression coefficient = 0.5; 95% CI, 0.336-0.667) were the only independent predictors (p < 0.01) of the TCH/HDL-C ratio, controlling a 46% of the variance (R2 = 0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Our data indicates that central obesity, hyperinsulinemia and cigarette smoke are independently associated to a high risk cardiovascular lipid profile in premenopausal women without cardiovascular disease. This study suggests the importance of these factors in the management of early lipid control in these women.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study to evaluate the parent-offspring similarity in the maxillofacial profile using fingerprints in Japanese families.

An attempt was made to investigate the parent-offspring similarity in the maxillofacial profile by a quantitative analysis of fingerprints. Lateral roentgenographic cephalograms and ten fingerprints were obtained from 98 Japanese patients (44 males and 54 females) and their parents. Analysis showed a significant parent-offspring correlation for both maxillofacial profile and fingerprints. The relatively low father-son correlation for both features suggests a major influence of X-linked genes. The genetic correlation between the maxillofacial profile and fingerprints was significant for parent-son but not for parent-daughter pairings. The parent-offspring correlation in the maxillofacial profile was evaluated in two groups showing differences (distant group) or similarities (near group) in the fingerprint patterns between the father and mother. In the distant group, a greater parent-offspring similarity was observed in the maxillofacial profile. The same finding was also obtained on using only digit II of the parents. Therefore, from a morphogenetical point of view, parental fingerprints appear helpful in clinical applications designed to predict maxillofacial growth in offspring.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Profiles, occlusal plane relationships and spacing of teeth in the dentitions of 3 to 4 year old children.

A study of 1026, 3 to 4 year old children in nursery schools and day-care centers was done to assess the profile, occlusal relationships and the presence of spacing or crowding of teeth in south India. Males had a higher incidence of convex profiles, while females showed a higher incidence of straight profiles, but it was not statistically significant. Flush terminal planes was the most commonly observed molar relationship in both the sexes. Seventy-five percent of both the sexes showed presence of both physiologic and primate spaces in both the jaws; and 3% of the population under study were devoid of spacing and had closed dental arches. Comparison between the profiles and terminal plane relationships it was observed that convex profiles were significantly correlated with flush and distal step terminal planes in both the sexes.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of buffering capacity and acid neutralizing-pH time profile of antacids.

The antacid properties of seven antacids listed in the hospital formulary of a medical center were evaluated with in vitro tests. These included not only the preliminary antacid test and acid-neutralizing capacity test as described in the United States Pharmacopeia (USP XXIII), but also a buffering pH profile test. The preliminary antacid test measured the final pH of a 10-mL solution of 0.5 N HCl 10 minutes after addition of the minimum recommended dose of an antacid, while the neutralizing capacity test measured the amount (mEq) of HCl neutralized by the minimum recommended dose in 15 minutes. The buffering pH profile recorded the pH time course of dynamic simulated gastric fluid neutralization by a dose of an antacid. In the preliminary antacid test, magnesium oxide showed the highest pH (9.52 +/- 0.14, mean +/- standard deviation, n = 3); aluminum phosphate gel yielded a final pH of 2.51 +/- 0.01, thus failing to meet the criteria of an antacid (pH > 3.5). In the acid-neutralizing capacity test, hydrotalcite had the highest neutralizing capacity (28.26 +/- 0.3 mEq), while sodium bicarbonate had the lowest (7.40 +/- 0.12 mEq). In the buffering pH profile test, aluminum-magnesium hydroxide suspensions and hydrotalcite tablets maintained a steady optimum pH (3-5) for around 1.5 hours. One tablet of calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate or magnesium oxide could not raise the gastric pH to above 3, but two tablets increased the pH excessively (5.3 to 8.6). The higher dose (two tablets) of aluminum hydroxide hexitol complex could not raise the pH to the optimal level. These findings demonstrate that there is disparity in the antacid effectiveness estimated by the neutralizing capacity test and the buffering pH profile test and suggest that the efficacy of an antacid cannot be accurately predicted from its acid-neutralizing capacity. The dose of antacids greatly influences the neutralizing pH profiles. Aluminum-magnesium compounds appear to provide steadier buffering than carbonate compounds or magnesium oxide.

Aluminum Compounds↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Families of antihypertensive drugs and blood pressure exercise profiles in black Africans at the National University Hospital of Cotonou].

The study population consisted of ninety patients between the ages of 22 and 64 years. All had mild or moderate hypertension at rest and were subjected to exercise tests using a cycloergometer. The sex ratio for the patients was 0.875. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded at three time points, at three minute intervals. The initial load was thirty watts for men and 25 watts for the women. A graph of changes in blood pressure with exercise was produced for each type of antihypertensive drug or combination of drugs. At least nine patients were treated with each type of drug or combination, and blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during exercise to produce the exercise blood pressure profile. Healthy adults generate curves that lie between Y'1 = 0.5X + 108.43 and Y"1 = 0.34X + 83.95 [2]. Any patient generating a curve lying between these two limits was regarded as having a normal exercise blood pressure profile. This study identified two groups of hypertension treatments with respect to exercise blood pressure profile. Abnormal exercise blood pressure profiles were obtained with treatments involving inhibition of calcium receptor activity, diuretics and central antihypertensive drugs. Normal exercise blood pressure profiles were obtained with treatments involving the inhibition of adrenoreceptor activity, alone or in conjunction with a diuretic, and with combined central antihypertensive drug and diuretic treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2026

Metax enables accurate cross-domain taxonomic profiling of metagenomes.

Taxonomic profiling is fundamental to microbiome research, yet achieving high species-level accuracy remains challenging for complex communities that span bacteria, viruses, eukaryotes, and archaea, and these limitations are exacerbated in low-biomass, host-dominated samples. We introduce Metax, a cross-domain taxonomic profiler that integrates coverage-based probabilistic modeling with an expectation-maximization framework to distinguish true microbial signals from artifacts. Across >600 samples from host-associated, environmental, wastewater, and low-biomass clinical settings, including benchmarks with limited reference representation, Metax improved profiling accuracy, achieving on average 55% higher F1 scores and 45% lower Bray-Curtis dissimilarity than other methods. Moreover, this broad evaluation demonstrated that Metax resolved bacterial and viral signatures of peri-implantitis in oral microbiomes and revealed signals suggestive of reagent-borne contaminants and reference misassemblies in plasma-cell-free DNA. By leveraging genome-wide coverage evidence, Metax enables robust cross-domain profiling across diverse sample types and sequencing depths, including settings where reference databases are highly incomplete.

abundance estimation↗
PubMed2025

Single-cell glycome and transcriptome profiling enabled by a library of anti-glycan antibodies.

Glycans play critical roles in cellular processes and clinical applications, but they remain difficult to study due to a shortage of well-characterized anti-glycan reagents and high-throughput technologies for glycome profiling, especially ones capable of single-cell resolution. To meet these needs, we generated a database of 650 anti-glycan antibody sequences, recombinantly expressed a library of 154 antibodies, and extensively characterized their binding properties using glycan microarrays. In addition to providing valuable information and resources for the field, the sequence database and microarray data also enabled development of "Glycomic-seq" (Glycome profiling via multiplexed immunoglobulins combined with sequencing), a DNA-barcoded anti-glycan antibody platform that enables high-throughput, single-cell profiling of both RNA and cell-surface glycan expression. Using Glycomic-seq, we profiled two isogenic colorectal cancer cell lines. The results revealed various glycans associated with cancer stem cells and metastasis, demonstrating the power of integrating glycomic information with multi-omic efforts to discover biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Polysaccharides↗