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PubMed1992

[Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children].

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis morbidity in children of the Novosibirsk region for the period of 10 years was analysed on the basis of the materials presented by the regional antituberculosis center. It was found that 44 children has extrapulmonary tuberculosis which accounted for 17.9% of the total number of sick children and 5.7% of all extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients. Tuberculous lymphadenitis was diagnosed in 50% and bone-and-joint tuberculosis in 27.3% of cases; nephrotuberculosis occupied the third and ocular tuberculosis the fourth place; 20% of sick children were detected after their examination and 80% after surgery for other general diseases. Complications of the main process at the moment of application for help had 18.2% of children. The basic causes of later extrapulmonary tuberculosis diagnosis in children is the absence of awareness for tuberculosis in the general practitioners and inadequate work carried out in tuberculosis infection foci.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

A comparative study of clinical manifestations caused by tuberculosis in immunocompromised and non-immunocompromised patients.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the differences between clinical manifestations in immunocompromised patients (ICPs) and non-immunocompromised patients (non-ICPs) with tuberculosis. METHODS: Underlying diseases, clinical presentations, misdiagnosis, treatment and prognosis, etc, were analyzed retrospectively in 115 tuberculosis patients, including 39 ICPs and 76 non-ICPs. RESULTS: Compared with non-ICPs, the individuals who were ICP had more expectoration (64.1% vs 35.5%), pulmonary moist rale (41.0% vs 9.2%), miliary pulmonary tuberculosis (30.8% vs 2.6%), pleural effusion (48.7% vs 25.0%) and lymphadenopathy (18.0% vs 4.0%). ICPs had less lung cavity (15.4% vs 22.4%) and pleural thickening (15.4% vs 23.7%) compared to non-ICPs. Pulmonary tuberculosis in ICPs was prone to be misdiagnosed as pneumonia (23.1% vs 6.6%). Pulmonary tuberculosis was found in the apicoposterior segment (SI + SII) in more cases in non-ICPs (21.7%, 10/46) than ICPs (10.3%, 3/29). The diagnostic value of tuberculin skin test and adenosine deaminase in pleural effusions was limited in ICPs. ICPs had significantly poorer prognoses than non-ICPs. CONCLUSION: The clinical manifestations of ICPs with tuberculosis are atypical, misdiagnosis often occurs, resulting in a worse prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Microbiological and molecular genetic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated from patients with multiorgan and generalized tuberculosis].

The paper presents the microbiological and molecular genetic characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MBT) isolated from multiple lesion foci in 26 patients with multiorgan and generalized tuberculosis. Cultures of MBT of the family Beijing were isolated from the pathological specimens taken from 17 (65.4%) patients; those with individual genotypes were in 9 (34.6%) patients. The study indicated that cultured MBT from different types of pathological material from 25 of the 26 patients had identical spoligotypes irrespective of their clinical diagnosis. At the same time minor profile IS6110 changes might occur in the Mycobacteria of a patient during persistence. It may be concluded that multiple foci of tuberculous affliction in the patients are of unique origin and have the mechanism of development, associated with endogenous reactivation of infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis: apropos of 2 cases].

Infection by Mycobacterium bovis is currently a rare form of tuberculosis in developed countries, being its incidence lower than 1%. Its main mechanism of transmission is through the ingestion of contaminated milk. In this paper, two cases of tuberculosis by Mycobacterium bovis are described, one of lymphatic location by endogenous reactivation and another of pulmonary location, probably by a primary infection acquired through the inhalation route. We stress the risk of transmission of the disease through the respiratory route from infected animals and by person to person contagion.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed2004

[The epidemiological and clinical aspects of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children and adolescents in Primorsk Region].

The incidence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis has been studied in children and adolescents in the Primorye Territory in 1996 to 2001. There is a decrease in the incidence and prevalence of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in both children and adolescents, which does not reflect the true situation as the process is more frequently diagnosed on their referral in the period of late clinical manifestations. Young age children have fallen ill more frequently (54.7%); 76% of the patients were identified on their referral. Most children are permanent residents and live in the high- and middle-class families. In the clinical pattern, there were predominant ostcoarticular forms of tuberculosis running with a complication of the underlying disease in 80%. The study suggests that there are great gaps in the detection of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[Early ENT manifestations of HIV infection/AIDS. An analysis of 76 cases observed in Africa].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work is to describe the ENT clinical manifestations by which HIV positive patients inaugurate their AIDS-illness and to classify these manifestations in respect to the biological state of the infection. MATERIAL AND METHOD: It was a multicenter, prospective study carried out in the ENT services of Yaounde (Cameroon), between the period of September 2000 and June 2002. Included in this study were HIV patients who started their AIDS with an ENT illness. The stage of evolution of the HIV infection was evaluated using the CD4 and CD8 T lymphocyte counts. This was carried out using the Flux cytometric technique of Fascount/Becton. RESULTS: We thereafter recruited 76 patients. The incidence rate of ENT early manifestations in HIV positive patients was 11.5%. Pharyngeal and oral candidosis represented the most observed manifestation (30.60%), followed by peripheral facial paralysis (11.13%) and rhino-sinusitis (10.58%). Parotid gland hypertrophy represented 8.23% of the affections. Persistant cervical lymphadenopathy was observed in 7.05% of cases. Kaposi sarcoma and cervical lymph node tuberculosis represented each 3.53% of cases of the sample. The correlation of lymphocytic count and initial ENT manifestations showed that these manifestations were observed in all the biological states of the HIV/AIDS infection. CONCLUSION: The above mentioned ENT manifestations in the patient should motivate the request of the HIV screening tests.

CD4 Antigens↗