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PubMed1991

The effects of residency training programs on the financial performance of Veterans Affairs medical centers.

This study examines financial performance and physician productivity in Veterans Affairs teaching hospitals following the elimination of a separate payment for the indirect costs of medical education. Financial performance of teaching hospitals in the VA system was no worse than nonteaching peers even without a teaching subsidy. Residents were found to provide patient care but this contribution to output was offset by indirect teaching costs of resident training. Physicians were less productive in teaching hospitals, possibly reflecting the time spent in training and supervising residents, while nurses were more productive. Finally, as staff size increases, the indirect costs of medical education decrease. Future downsizing of residency programs would financially benefit smaller-staffed VAMCs; larger-staffed facilities would lose.

Costs and Cost Analysis↗
PubMed2003

Effect of a one-year combined exercise training program on body composition in men with coronary artery disease.

Increased fat mass, particularly abdominal fat mass, is associated with poor metabolic profiles and an increase in cardiovascular risk factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 1-year combined aerobic and strength training regimen, compared to aerobic training only, on body composition in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Thirty-six males with CAD were assigned to 3 groups: 13 to weight training plus aerobic training (combined training group [CT]), 13 to aerobic training only (aerobic training group [AT]), and 10 to a control group (no exercise [CG]). Body composition was determined by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Differences were observed between groups at the end of the study, controlling for prevalues. The total and trunk percent fat mass (%FM) were lower in CT compared with AT and CG (P<.05). The total %FM in AT was significantly (P<.05) lower than in CG, but the %FM of the trunk did not differ between the 2 groups. Fat-free mass (FFM) was significantly higher in CT than in AT and CG (P<.05). The results suggest that a long-term CT program is more effective than an AT program alone in producing changes in body composition. The percentage changes in total and trunk fat mass were higher in CT (-11% and -12%, respectively) than in AT (-2.4% and -0.7%, respectively). Future studies need to investigate the specific health effects of trunkal fat mass loss in patients with CAD.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Effects of the eyerobics visual skills training program on static balance performance of male and female subjects.

10 male and 10 female students in physical education aged 19 to 23 yr. were each randomly assigned to both the experimental and control groups. Experimental subjects were given the 4-wk. Eyerobics visual skills training to assess its effects on static balance performance as measured on a balance stabilometer. Analysis indicated that the women performed significantly better than the men over-all. Balance performance by the trained group improved significantly.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evaluation of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium undergraduate faculty training program.

BACKGROUND: Previous research has demonstrated that nursing education has not prepared nurses to provide optimum end-of-life (EOL) care; and yet, care of patients at the EOL is contingent on adequate preparation of nurses. To date, there has not been a unified or organized effort to broadly address the preparation of nurses in EOL care. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the End-of-Life Nursing Education Consortium (ELNEC), a Robert Wood Johnson Foundation funded project (2000-2004), was to develop and implement a comprehensive national effort to improve EOL care by nurses through a joint collaboration between the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) and the City of Hope Cancer Center. DESIGN AND SETTING: Based on the AACN Peaceful Death document, the ELNEC curriculum focuses on nine EOL core areas. This project is a synthesis of research and knowledge in EOL care and is intended to assist clinical nurses with implementing scientifically based care in practice. Eight national training courses followed the development of the core training curriculum to enhance EOL expertise in faculty in undergraduate nursing programs (five courses) as well as in continuing education programs (three courses). Development of the ELNEC program included detailed teaching materials to integrate EOL content into existing nursing curricula and clinical teaching and extensive follow up evaluation. RESULTS: The data revealed significant outcomes in the report of implementation in the nursing curriculum including an increase in the amount of content, perceived effectiveness of new graduates, and of faculty expertise in EOL care, and a broad dissemination of all modules geographically. CONCLUSION: This national organized effort is a major step toward preparing nurses in EOL care to improve care of the dying.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1991

[Training program for minimally invasive surgery].

Currently 'Minimally Invasive Surgery' (MIS) is rapidly finding a widening range of applications and increasing numbers of surgical departments start with new MIS techniques. Surgical work under endoscopic control requires an intensive readjustment to operation technique bringing about new problems in training. We believe that intensive training of MIS procedures on suitable training phantoms should be a prerequisite for clinical application of MIS and therefore have established a training center for MIS in Tübingen, FRG, offering weekly hands on training courses for different procedures.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1996

[A training program for coping with maladaptive emotions of schizophrenic patients. Initial results and experiences].

Results of experimental psychological studies suggest that disorders in the emotional processing of schizophrenics are linked with disorders of their information processing. However, few therapeutic approaches tackle these disorders. Recently we developed a training scheme for improving emotional management by the use of individualized coping strategies. This paper describes a comparative study of this training in emotional management and an anti-stress therapy in 16 chronic schizophrenic patients. The results show significantly greater improvements in emotional perception, cognitive function and behavior for emotional management training. Additionally, after emotional management training, patients were able to develop protective strategies to help them to cope with everyday life.

Adaptation, Psychological↗