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Endodontic treatment for traumatized immature permanent incisors.

Endodontic treatment of traumatized permanent incisor teeth in young children may often present special problems not encountered in the adult patient. They are determined primarily by (a) the pulpal response of an immature tooth to trauma, and (b) the mechanical difficulties encountered when attempts are made to obturate the root canal of a tooth with a widely patent apical foramen. The most appropriate intermediate and long term treatment will only be possible in individual cases if the tooth response is continuously monitored from the time of the initial injury to the point where the definitive treatment has been judged as successful. Thus at each attendance, clinical examination including pulp testing should be supplemented by the taking of routine periapical radiographs. Essentially three main pulpal responses are possible: i) Recovery ii) Calcification iii) Necrosis. The outcome in each case may be influenced by treatment procedures.

Child↗

[Liability claims for prosthetic treatment].

Liability claims of 153 patients receiving prosthetic treatment were organized according to damage and were discussed on the basis of the known decisions and judgements of the courts.

Crowns↗

Complications of laser surgery for laryngeal papillomatosis.

Carbon dioxide laser surgery has become the treatment of choice for laryngeal papillomatosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the type, incidence, and severity of complications that occur with laser microlaryngoscopy for a disease that often requires multiple operations. Forty patients with laryngeal papillomatosis underwent a total of 222 carbon dioxide laser laryngoscopies over the 6 1/2-year period from June 1977 through December 1983. The results showed that 13 patients sustained a total of 23 separate complications. Intraoperative complications consisted of one episode of bilateral pneumothorax and one episode of cervical subcutaneous emphysema, both associated with the use of jet ventilation anesthesia, and one episode of a loosened tooth in a child with carious teeth. The delayed complications consisted of 10 patients with anterior laryngeal webbing, 2 patients with posterior webbing, 6 patients with laryngeal edema or fibrosis, and one episode each of prolonged dysphagia and tracheal foreign body. No airway fires occurred. Only 2 of 28 patients who had 5 or fewer laser laryngoscopies developed complications, but 11 or 12 patients undergoing 6 or more laser operations had complications. In summary, although the incidence of life threatening complications was low, the occurrence of minor complications such as small anterior glottic webs and persistent edema was relatively high, especially in those patients who required multiple laser laryngoscopies.

Adult↗