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[Major outpatient surgery in the ear, nose and throat clinic].

In recent years, outpatient surgery in otolaryngology has advanced because it benefits both patients and health-care systems. We analyzed the surgical procedures that can be performed in outpatient surgery programs, evaluating patient selection, release criteria, and potential complications. A one-year retrospective study was made of 456 patients, of which 369 (80.92%) were discharged from the hospital on the same day as surgery. The operations with the best performance in outpatient surgery were adenoidectomy, tonsillectomy, laryngeal microsurgery, and septoplasty. Most surgical procedures in otolaryngology can be performed without hospitalization. Outpatient surgery is easier for patients and increases their sense of safety. It also has an excellent cost-benefit relation for health-care systems.

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed2000

[Effect of gargling the throat with Panaxylocaine as a lubricant for the laryngeal mask airway].

We used Panaxylocaine as a suitable lubricant with gargling before insertion of laryngeal mask for twenty preoperative breast cancer patients. Patients were divided into two groups; Control group (N = 10) received water-based lidocaine gel just before insertion of laryngeal mask, and Panaxylocaine group (N = 10) received Panaxylocaine as a premedication for breast cancer operation. Compared to water-based lidocaine gel, Panaxylocaine was more effective for oral discomfort after insertion of laryngeal mask. But there was no difference between two groups about oral paresthesia. We conclude that Panaxylocaine is a good premedication before insertion of laryngeal mask preventing oral and pharyngeal complications.

Anesthetics, Local↗
PubMed2000

The role of bacteria as a local defence mechanism in the ear, nose and throat.

The mucosae of the oro-nasopharynx in man are asymptomatically colonised by a commensal flora. This commensal flora consists largely of non-pathogenic bacteria but potentially pathogenic bacteria, such as S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, M. catarrhalis can also be part of it. The commensal flora can be affected by host factors such as age or antibiotic usage but will in itself also affect its host. In addition to being a source of resistance genes it will also protect the host against exogenous, non-commensal pathogens. This protective effect is the result of three characteristics of the commensal flora. The commensal flora will hinder the establishment of new pathogens on the mucosa (termed colonisation resistance), it will especifically stimulate the immune system and it will induce formation of protective antibodies.

Bacteria, Aerobic↗
PubMed2000

Culturing the throat to protect the heart: Dr. Milton Markowitz and the prevention of rheumatic fever.

The purpose of this article is to briefly review how the understanding of rheumatic fever has evolved over the last 50 years. Particular emphasis is given to the identification of the Group A streptococcus as the causative agent of rheumatic fever and the use of antibiotics to treat and prevent rheumatic fever. Throughout his 50-year career, Dr. Milton Markowitz, former chairman of the department of pediatrics at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine, has been involved in these advances as an international expert on rheumatic fever prevention. Using archival materials, including some of the earliest literature descriptions of rheumatic fever, as well as an extended interview with Dr. Markowitz, the authors present a unique personal perspective both on the history of rheumatic fever and the context within which the scientific advances that have led to contemporary treatment and prevention strategies have evolved.

Connecticut↗