Rooted in charity. Catholic social thought has shaped the development of health care and social service ministries.
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Catholicism↗
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Results for “Social Development”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
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[Reproductive health and violence against women].
Violence against women as a worldwide public health problem is reviewed. This problem has a great impact on morbidity and mortality. Economic and social development is also affected. Damage on physical and mental health as a result of violence is analyzed. There are several proposals in order to increase autonomy and self-esteem in women.
Adult↗
N'Dow sees water as key to a sustainable peace. Outlines a new strategy for the new century.
Water availability has emerged as the most important element of peace, so it is central to the UN's peacekeeping mandate as it moves into the next century, Wally N'Dow said Wednesday. Addressing a panel on the growing water needs of cities, N'Dow, the Secretary General of Habitat II, said lack of water is one of the 'most critical factors' that cause conflict. N'Dow urged city officials, nongovernmental organizations and other Habitat players to act on the recommendations of the panel, which he labeled "the single most important dialogue at this conference." N'Dow stressed cost effectiveness, better technology, and new management systems as the three most important elements of a new strategy. More than 1 billion people worldwide--mostly in poor countries--do not have access to safe drinking water. Also, most of the world's largest cities, including some in rich countries, do not treat their waste water adequately. The challenge for growing cities, UN officials say, is not just to provide safe water but also to ensure the poor can afford it. "Habitat is a wake-up call, as 40% of city residents do not have water," said Beatrice Labonne, director of the UN's Division for Environment Management and Social Development. Currently, subsidies skew water prices overwhelmingly in favor of the rich. In Jakarta, Indonesia, piped water accounts for only 14% of the total water supply, according to the World Bank. Many poor residents shut out of the system have to pay more than 20 times the price paid by the rich. Water pricing has long been a hot political issue, which is partly why the World Bank and the UN have called for privatization of the water sector. But, they say, governments must regulate the firms to guarantee safe water and fair pricing. Privatization is seen as a solution to manipulation of government utilities by vested interests. For example, governments often grant huge concessions to industry as a means of helping the latter create more jobs. Last March, Habitat organized a meeting in Beijing of more than 150 city officials, NGOs, and other conference participants as a precursor to the Istanbul event. With the official conference underway, they will brief delegates on the future vision of these players.
Conservation of Natural Resources↗
The need for a reproductive health framework: a response to Fred Sai's paper.
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Attitude↗
[Serological assay in the assessment of the trichinosis epidemiological situation in the Tiumen' region].
A total of 3022 sera from patients with suspected trichinosis and healthy individuals were studied by enzyme immunoassay using the commercial test systems of the Ye.I. Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine (Moscow) and of the private joint stock company "Vector-Best" (Novosibirsk). The study indicated the trichinosis situation of strain in all subjects of the Russian Federation, including the Tyumen Region. The proportion of positive serological assays during diagnostic studies was 15.4%, that of seroepidemiological surveys was 3.3%. This poor situation associated with this entity is confirmed by group, "familial", and single cases of clinical trichinosis associated with ingestion of the meat of brown bears, badgers, and dogs and pork. The presence of natural trichinosis foci in the Tyumen Region is unquestionable, there is no evidence for formed synanthropic foci. An increase in the risk of trichinosis infection in the region is favoured by both socioeconomical and environmental epizootological prerequisites associated with the factors of technogenic and anthropic pressure on the ecosystem. Growing epidemic hazard of trichinosis foci requires that controlling and preventive measures shall be included into social development programmes for the districts and south of the Tyumen Region.
Animals↗
Poverty and population.
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Congresses as Topic↗
The population question revisited.
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Family Characteristics↗
[Proliferation of medical schools in latin America. Causes and consequences].
Significant changes in university education have occurred in Latin America, caused by the strategic importance that it has on economical and social development. The educational system expanded and science, technology and informatics, experienced an important development. The eighties were characterized by a reduction in government expenditures, a more efficient use of resources, an increase in the number and variety of universities and university students. The creation of new universities, mostly private, was favored by a highly unregulated market. In Latinamerica, more new universities were created during the eighties than in the previous one hundred years. Since 1981, the number of universities in Chile increased from 8 to 60, the type of institutions was diversified, the government financing of public universities decreased substantially and the regulatory role of the market was emphasized. These changes have been quantitatively understandable but qualitatively unsatisfactory. Since 1981, the number of university students between 19 and 24 years old has triplicated. The number of medical schools and the annual admission of students has duplicated. In most Latin American countries, there is an insufficient number of physicians (Chile has one physician per 783 inhabitants). Since the decade of the nineties, an effort has been made to regulate the market, to introduce new barriers for the acceptance of new educational institutions, to improve the transparency of the system and to preserve the quality of teaching. The quality control of medicine and health is one of the most serious problems in Latin American countries. This includes accreditation of medical schools, health centers and specialists. In Chile there have been some progress in these topics but quality control is still unsatisfactory.
Chile↗
Nutrition-related health patterns in the Middle East.
Nutritionally-related health patterns in the Middle East have changed significantly during the last two decades. The main forces that have contributed to these changes are the rapid changes in the demographic characteristics of the region, speedy urbanization, and social development in the absence of steady and significant economic growth. Within these changes, the Middle East has the highest dietary energy surplus of the developing countries. The population in the region has a low poverty prevalence, at 4%. The region's child malnutrition rate is 19%, suggesting that nutrition insecurity remains a problem due mainly to poor health care and not due to inadequate dietary energy supply or poverty. The one extreme country, Afghanistan, has an extremely high dietary energy deficit of 490 kilocalories and a 40% malnutrition rate. Iran and Egypt have relatively high child malnutrition rates of 39 and 16% respectively, but belong to the dietary energy surplus group. Morocco and the United Emirates have the lowest child malnutrition rates of 6 and 8% respectively. In the Middle East, as in other parts of the world, large shifts have occurred in dietary and physical activity patterns. These changes are reflected in nutritional and health outcomes. Rising obesity rates and high levels of chronic and degenerative diseases are observed. These pressing factors that include the nature and changes in the food consumption pattern, globalization of food supply, and the inequity in health care will be discussed.
Demography↗
Protecting the waters of Wisconsin from microbiological threats.
Wisconsin is blessed with an abundance of high quality water that has played a significant role in the economic and social development of the state. The quality of life for Wisconsinites is often at least partially defined by pristine inland lakes, a portion of the Great Lakes shoreline, or great-tasting well water. While no one likes to associate water with disease, especially waters like those we enjoy in Wisconsin, the historical reality is that there is a strong connection. Until the 1920s, intestinal diseases such as typhoid fever and cholera often spread through water and were a leading cause of death in the United States. While easy access to modern medical care combined with improved water treatment technologies have greatly decreased waterborne disease, the microbiology of Wisconsin's waters still deserves continued vigilance and attention. The World Health Organization currently estimates that, on a global basis, 4 billion annual cases of waterborne diarrhea result in more than 2 million deaths per year--the equivalent of 20 jumbo jet crashes per day. Most of these deaths are in children under 5 years of age. The daily global death toll from waterborne disease is at least 1000 times greater than from the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic that recently made headline news. Waterborne disease is not just a problem in underdeveloped countries. Scientists who study disease transmission believe that 10%-30% of the vomiting and diarrhea illness in North America, including Wisconsin, may be acquired from water.
Fresh Water↗
[Yellow fever in Venezuela].
In Venezuela the yellow fever has been presented in three wild focuses: San Camilo in the Tachira State, South of the Lake in the Zulia and Guayana. The last human case registered of urban yellow fever happened in 1918 in the city of Coro, Falcon State. Nevertheless, according to the epidemic registration of the Ministry of Health and Social Development corresponding to the epidemiological week no. 38 of the year 2003, 318 cases of wild yellow fever had been investigated (173 of the Zulia and 145 of Tachira), of which were confirmed 31, with a mortality of 58.0%. Previous to the appearance of this outbreak, it was notified an epizooty in monkeys with high mortality in November of 2002 in the Jesus Maria Semprum municipality of the Zulia State, persisting until September of 2003, extended to the Tachira State. Possible reasons of the reemergency of this illness are analyzed based on the high mobilization of displaced population, remote areas and of difficult access, high concentration of indigenous population (Bari, Yuepa, Wayúu) and border conflict.
Humans↗
[Psychological aspects in perinatal medicine 1980-2000: III. The postnatal period].
OBJECTIVE: Analysis of the problems concerning postnatal period in the Czech Republic over the last 20 years from psychological point of view. The analysis is included in the basic materials for the elaboration of prognosis in the given area for the project called "Evaluation of the evolution, present state and conditions to secure healthy physical, mental and social development of the new generation until the year 2010" (Grant No. 7346-3). DESIGN: A retrospective analysis of the problems concerned of the postnatal period from the viewpoint of the psychologist in the Czech Republic in the period of 1980 to 2000. SETTINGS: Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague. CONCLUSIONS: In the postnatal period great changes have occurred over the last 20 years especially in connection with introduction of a joint care of the mother and the newborn by so called "rooming-in" system. This kind of system, which favorably influences the relations between mother and child as well as the breast-feeding, is mostly accepted favorably by the women. In the Czech Republic, low attention has been paid so far to postnatal psychical disorder in the women, especially to so called post partum or postnatal depression, which occurs in 10 to 15% of puerperas and exerts unfavorable effect on the formed relationship between the mother and child. It should be useful to contact these women in time and offer them a sufficient psychosocial support. The psychosocial care of the newborns at risk and their parents in our society requires to keep up with the advanced western countries, as well as the care of parents whose newborn dies.
Depression, Postpartum↗
Nursing interventions for children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder frequently coexists with a variety of psychiatric and developmental disorders of child psychiatric inpatients. The author highlights characteristics of these patients and examines nursing contributions to treatment. She emphasizes issues of medication administration and monitoring, as well as the development and implementation of interventions to decrease disruptive behavior, enhance self-control, and develop social skills. Effective management techniques are supported by research evidence and illustrated by case examples.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
Removable prostheses for preschool children: report of two cases.
Dental prostheses are frequently used to avoid psychologic, speech, or swallowing problems in preschool children with considerable tooth loss. Two cases of preschool children are presented, involving multiple loss of primary teeth. The purpose of this study was to promote the correct development of the maxilla and mandible by using removable dental prostheses and to guide the eruption of the permanent molars. Removable acrylic prostheses were provided for two children, with a special metallic s-shaped handle (ansa), which guided the eruption of the first permanent molars. These prostheses were modified as the children grew. By replacing missing teeth, several oral functions were re-established, development of the maxilla and mandible was promoted, and each child could develop socially from a psychologic point of view. The use of removable dental prostheses in preschool-aged children presenting with considerable tooth loss can be a viable and successful treatment option.
Child, Preschool↗
[The trend and geographic distribution of suicide in Chinese population].
OBJECTIVE: To understand the specific patterns of suicide in Chinese population and its trend. METHODS: The mortality level and trend of suicide in Chinese population by sex, age and areas were reviewed and the geographic distribution of suicide mortality was described using National Disease Surveillance Data in 1991 - 2000. RESULTS: During 1991 - 2000, the mortality rate of suicide was stable. Suicide was still one of the main health problems in Chinese population, especially in rural areas. The pattern of suicide in rural areas remained the same as reported before. The death rate of suicide attempts in female was higher than in male. There was a peak of death rate among rural people aged 15 - 34. However the death rate among rural women aged 15 - 34 was falling, which did not significantly affect the current suicide pattern. CONCLUSIONS: There was high death rate of suicide in eastern and central rural areas, especially in boundaries among provinces, which could have been related to traditional culture, economic situation etc. Using pesticide as a tool of suicide was also an important factor with high death rate of suicide. These findings suggested that the specific pattern would last for another 20 years along with the social development and reform.
Adolescent↗
[Early diagnosis of hearing impairment in children].
Hearing loss can be attributed to a variety of causes. In infants early detection of hearing loss coupled with an appropriate intervention is critical to their speech, language, cognitive and social development. Despite the fact that several methods exist to uncover hearing impairment beyond any doubt, permanent hearing loss in children is still being detected much too late in Germany. This calls for universal new-born hearing screening and adequate audiometric testing in children that their parents either suspect may suffer from a hearing problem or have other risk factors.
Child↗
Pregnancy prevention in adolescents.
Although the pregnancy rate in adolescents has declined steadily in the past 10 years, it remains a major public health problem with lasting repercussions for the teenage mothers, their infants and families, and society as a whole. Successful strategies to prevent adolescent pregnancy include community programs to improve social development, responsible sexual behavior education, and improved contraceptive counseling and delivery. Many of these strategies are implemented at the family and community level. The family physician plays a key role by engaging adolescent patients in confidential, open, and nonthreatening discussions of reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior (including condom use to prevent sexually transmitted diseases), and contraceptive use (including the use of emergency contraception). This dialogue should begin before initial sexual activity and continue throughout the adolescent years.
Adolescent↗