Examination of structural effect on thin-layer chromatographic multiple spot formation of sympathomimetic amines in the presence of hydrochloric acid.
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The present overview covers recent research results concerning treatment with beta-2-adrenoreceptor agonists in adults and children with asthma. Special care was taken to summarize only papers and abstracts which were published in peer reviewed international journals and to omit chemical company supported brochures and public relations material. There are only a few reports available dealing with the beta-2-agonist dilemma in the pediatric literature and the efficacy and safety of the new long acting beta-2-agonist therapy in childhood asthma is only starting to be investigated. By weighing the current knowledge it is attempted to draw some conclusions for the therapy today.
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The effect of chronic beta blockade on the haemodynamic response to graded exercise was studied in 18 hypertensive patients treated with bunitrolol, which has partial agonist activity. The patients first received a placebo for 5 to 12 days, then bunitrolol 30 mg daily for one week and subsequently the dose was doubled weekly as necessary up to 240 mg daily. At rest haemodynamic changes after beta blockade were only minor; heart rate decreased by 8% and no significant change was observed in stroke index, cardiac index, (a-v)O2 difference and VO2. The hypotensive effect was not significant and no significant change in mean pulmonary arterial and wedge pressure was observed. Maximal exercise capacity remained unchanged, because of haemodynamic responses. The maximal exercise heart rate was reduced by 25% during beta blockade, which was compensated by a 34% elevation in stroke index, whereas maximal cardiac index and (a-v)O2 difference remained unchanged. There was no consistent change in mean pulmonary artery pressure during maximal exercise, but the mean brachial artery pressure fell by 12%.
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The influence of various calcium concentrations and of the beta-sympathomimeticum orciprenaline (Alupent) on the force-frequency relationship and on the resting potentiation of isolated isometrically contracting papillary muscles of the guinea pig heart was studied. Elevation of Ca concentration and/or addition of orciprenaline augment the amplitudes of contractions elicited by rhythmical stimulation, but they diminish the amplitudes of test contractions elicited after a test interval of 1-2 s. It is suggested that calcium and orciprenaline strengthen the calcium loss from the sarcoplasmic reticulum out of the cell during a prolonged interval.