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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Effect of triiodothyronine on system A amino acid transport in cells of rat submandibular gland.

The effect of L-3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) on alpha-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) transport in isolated cell suspensions of rat submandibular gland was investigated. The uptake of ATB by these cells appeared to require extracellular Na+ and was inhibited by ouabain (10(-3) M). Cell suspensions from thyroidectomized rats which have been given three successive doses of T3 on alternate days (50 micrograms/100 g BW) showed a significant increase in AIB uptake compared with cells isolated from thyroidectomized rats treated with diluent. Efflux of AIB from the cell suspension was not affected by T3. There was no significant changes in AIB uptake 12 h after a single injection of T3 (50 micrograms/100 g BW). However, there was a significant 49% and 65% increase in AIB net uptake at 24 and 48 h, respectively, after T3 treatment. Under similar conditions, the cell suspension showed a 48% increase in NaK-ATPase activity at 12 h and to a peak of 61% at 24 h. Therefore, changes in NaK-ATPase activity preceded the changes in AIB net uptake upon treatment with T3, implying that AIB uptake is probably mediated, at least in part, by the activity of NaK-ATPase.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1990

[Role of the submandibular glands in in vivo mechanisms of plasma inactive renin release in the rat].

In our present studies, we evaluated the role of the submandibular glands (SMG) on plasma inactive renin (PIR) releasing mechanisms in rats using some agents which are known to stimulate plasma active renin (PAR) release. The results were analyzed between sialoadenectomized (SX) and sham-operated (control: C) rats. Twenty-four h after the operation, PAR releasing agents, furosemide (FRO) 2.5 mg/rat/h with prior iv bolus 5 mg, captopril (CAP) 5 mg/rat/h with prior iv bolus 10 mg, 1-Sar-8-Ile-angiotensin II (Ang II A) 300 ng/kg/min, prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) 100 ng/kg/min, and prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) 100 ng/kg/min, were infused through femoral venous cannulae. Blood samples were taken through femoral arterial cannulae into test tubes containing 2 mg EDTA-2Na. PAR was assayed by RIA, and total renin was obtained after tryptic activation. According to the responses of PIR, the agents used were categorized into three patterns: FRO increased PIR, both PGs lowered PIR, and, CAP and Ang II A had no effect on PIR release. The PIR release mechanisms by FRO were further investigated by 20 mg FRO ip injection in totally nephrectomized rats. PIR increased even in nephrectomized rats, but the increase was totally canceled by the following SX. In conclusion, FRO alone among some agents studied is able to stimulate PIR release only under the existence of SMG.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed1981

Development of responsiveness of mouse submandibular gland to androgen and thyroid hormone.

The effects of thyroxine and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone on the activities of various marker enzymes in the submandibular glands of immature mice were studied. The responsiveness to thyroid hormone appeared at latest by day five after birth, which was ten d earlier than the appearance of androgen responsiveness. The activity of trypsin-like esteroprotease, however, was not increased by these hormones until day 15 after birth.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Virus-like particles in the opossum submandibular gland.

Numerous inclusion bodies (virus-like particles) were observed in the lumina of the intercellular canaliculi, mucous tubules and intralobular ducts of the opossum submandibular gland. The particles are spherical in outline, show an electron dense core, and are surrounded by a peripheral membrane.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Interference by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin with cultured mouse submandibular gland branching morphogenesis involves reduced epidermal growth factor receptor signaling.

Toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) to mouse embryonic teeth, sharing features of early development with salivary glands in common, involves enhanced apoptosis and depends on the expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor. EGF receptor signaling, on the other hand, is essential for salivary gland branching morphogenesis. To see if TCDD impairs salivary gland morphogenesis and if the impairment is associated with EGF receptor signaling, we cultured mouse (NMRI) E13 submandibular glands with TCDD or TCDD in combination with EGF or fibronectin (FN), both previously found to enhance branching morphogenesis. Explants were examined stereo-microscopically and processed to paraffin sections. TCDD exposure impaired epithelial branching and cleft formation, resulting in enlarged buds. The glands were smaller than normal. EGF and FN alone concentration-dependently stimulated or inhibited branching morphogenesis but when co-administered with TCDD, failed to compensate for its effect. TCDD induced cytochrome P4501A1 expression in the glandular epithelium, indicating activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. TCDD somewhat increased epithelial apoptosis as observed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated nick end-labeling method but the increase could not be correlated with morphological changes. The frequency of proliferating cells was not altered. Corresponding to the reduced cleft sites in TCDD-exposed explants, FN immunoreactivity in the epithelium was reduced. The results show that TCDD, comparably with EGF and FN at morphogenesis-inhibiting concentrations, impaired salivary gland branching morphogenesis in vitro. Together with the failure of EGF and FN at morphogenesis-stimulating concentrations to compensate for the effect of TCDD this implies that TCDD toxicity to developing salivary gland involves reduced EGF receptor signaling.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the submandibular gland with symptomatic lung metastases treated with chemotherapy.

This report concerns a patient with symptomatic lung metastases from an epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the submandibular gland. Although the efficacy of chemotherapy is unknown in this disease, our patient was treated with cisplatin combined with 5-fluorouracil and later with paclitaxel and cyclophosphamide. Chemotherapy allowed disease stabilization and relief of the pulmonary symptoms. This is the first report on the use of chemotherapy in this very rare salivary gland carcinoma.

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols↗
PubMed1980

Identification by gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of 4-O-acetyl-9-O-lactyl-N-acetyl-neuraminic acid, a new sialic acid from horse submandibular gland.

The novel sialic acid 4-O-acetyl-9-O-lactyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid has been identified as a constituent of horse submandibular gland glycoproteins in addition to the already known equine sialic acids, N-acetylneuraminic acid, 4-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 9-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, 4,9-di-O-acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic acid, N-glycolylneuraminic acid, 4-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid and 9-O-acetyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid. The structure has been established by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Fractured submandibular gland: CT findings.

A patient presented 12 h following trauma with a slowly expanding neck mass. Both CT and sialographic evaluation demonstrated a fracture of the left submandibular gland.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Development of the hamster submandibular gland. I. The acinar-intercalated duct complex.

On the basis of light and electronmicroscopic observations of the prenatal and postnatal development of the hamster submandibular gland, several stages of cyto-morphodifferentiation were identified. The initial critical period was between the 13th and 14th day of gestation. An anlage of 'undifferentiated' pluripotential stem cells was transformed into terminal tubules which consisted of secretory cells, myoepithelial cell precursors and stem cells. From the periphery of the terminal tubules originated terminal buds which were the forerunners of the acini. The intercalated ducts, terminal tubules and terminal buds constituted the 'terminal tubule complex'. Several morphological similarities were noted between the hamster and the rat developing SMG and between the hamster developing SMG and the rat parotid. It seemed that various human salivary gland tumors recapitulated different stages of their normal cytomorphogenesis.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Radiation effects on submandibular gland of the rat. Stereological and ultrastructural study.

The chronic effect of 2000 rd (20 Gy) of X-rays locally applied to the submandibular gland of Wistar young-adult male rats, was studied by stereology, and light and electron microscopic observations. They demonstrated that degenerative changes were observed during the first months after irradiation. Atrophic processes developed from 6 months onwards. In the acinar compartment, atrophy was progressive from the first months post-irradiation up to 9 months post-irradiation. Ductal cell membranes and mitochondrial damage were clearly detected at ultrastructural level. Nuclear fragmentation and secretory granules alterations were also frequently seen in the acinar compartment.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Secretory responses in granular ducts and acini of submandibular glands in vivo to parasympathetic or sympathetic nerve stimulation in rats.

The roles of sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves in the secretion of saliva from submandibular glands of rats have been tested by electrical stimulation of either nerve for 1 h unilaterally in separate animals. The flows of saliva thereby induced and their protein content were monitored. Structural changes in each gland were assessed by light- and electron microscopy and compared with the unstimulated contralateral control gland, and the extent of the changes was determined morphometrically. Sympathetic nerve stimulation induced a relatively low flow of saliva that was rich in protein and was accompanied by extensive degranulation from both acinar and granular duct cells. In contrast parasympathetic nerve stimulation induced a considerable flow of saliva that had a low protein content and no detectable degranulation occurred from the secretory cells. It is possible, therefore, that some protein in parasympathetic saliva may have arisen from a non-granular pathway.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Induction of epidermal growth factor by tri-iodo-L-thyronine in the submandibular glands of mice with testicular feminization.

The content of epidermal growth factor (EGF) as a high molecular weight complex (HMW-EGF) in the submandibular glands of mice was measured simply by a single radial immunodiffusion method. In female mice, the amount of HMW-EGF was increased 10-fold by tri-iodo-L-thyronine (T3) and 60-fold by 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (5 alpha-DHT). In mice with testicular feminization (Tfm), which are genetically deficient in androgen receptor, T3 but not 5 alpha-DHT increased the HMW-EGF from a non-detectable level to 5.4 +/- 0.94 micrograms/mg protein. It was concluded that EGF is also synthesized under the control of thyroid hormone in vivo, and that androgen was not involved in this induction of EGF by thyroid hormone.

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome↗
PubMed1983

[Changes in testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the rat submandibular gland during development].

The present investigation deals with the changing profile of testosterone (T) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) concentrations in the rat submandibular gland (SMG) with age. T and DHT concentrations in SMG from male and female Wistar Rats 0 to 10 weeks of age were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. T and DHT in male and female SMG showed lower values until 3 weeks (4.5 +/- 1.5 ng/g). However, at 4 weeks of age, T levels greatly increased, revealing 15.1 +/- 6.3 ng/g for males and 18.4 +/- 6.6 ng/g for females. And thereafter from 5 to 10 weeks of age, T concentrations in SMG were decreased to 3--5 ng/g. On the other hand, from 5 to 10 weeks of age, DHT concentrations in both males and females had a tendency to be accumulated, indicating approximately 1.5--3 times higher than T. It can be reasonably concluded that DHT began to be accumulated in SMG at the period of 4 to 5 weeks of age. Furthermore, it is suggested that the rat SMG demands androgen from approximately 4 weeks of age for growth and function.

Aging↗
PubMed1975

[The amino acid sequence of the double-headed protein proteinase inhibitor from dog submandibular glands, I. Structural homology to the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitors (author's transl)].

The primary structure of the broad specificity proteinase inhibitor from dog submandibular glands was elucidated. The inhibitor consists of a single polypeptide chain of 117 amino acids which is folded into two domains (heads) connected by a peptide of three amino acid residues. Both domains I and II show a clear structural homology to each other as well as to the single-headed pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitors (Kazal type). The trypsin reactive site (-Cys-Pro-Arg-Leu-His-Glx-Pro-Ile-Cys-) is located in domain I and the chymotrypsin reactive center (-Cys-Thr-Met-Asp-Tyr-Asx-Arg-Pro-Leu-Tyr-Cys-) in domain II, cf. the Figure. The inhibitor is thus double-headed with two independent reactive sites. Whereas head I is responsible for the inhibition of trypsin and plasmin, head II is responsible for the inhibition of chymotrypsin, subtilisin, elastase and probably also Aspergillus oryzae protease and pronase. Remarkably, the structural homology exists also to the single-headed acrosin-trypsin inhibitors from seminal plasma[12] and the Japanese quail inhibitor composed of three domains[13].

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Effects of Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonists on the oxygen uptake induced by acetylcholine or substance P in rat submandibular gland slices.

Effects of Ca2+ and calmodulin antagonists on the oxygen uptake induced by acetylcholine (ACh) or substance P (SP) were investigated in rat submandibular gland slices. The oxygen uptake induced by ACh or SP was significantly inhibited by removing Ca2+ from the medium and the slices. The oxygen uptake by ACh in the Ca2+-deficient slices was almost completely recovered by the addition of 3.0 and 5.0 mM Ca2+, whereas that by SP was not recovered by the addition of 3.0 mM Ca2+, but recovered by 5.0 mM Ca2+. Ca2+ antagonists, diltiazem, verapamil and La3+, significantly inhibited the ACh-induced oxygen uptake. On the other hand, the SP-induced oxygen uptake was inhibited by diltiazem and La3+, but not by verapamil. Calmodulin antagonists, trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and W-7, had no inhibitory effects on the ACh-induced oxygen uptake. The SP-induced oxygen uptake was not affected by trifluoperazine, chlorpromazine and low concentrations of W-7, but was inhibited by high concentrations of W-7. These results suggest that the ACh- or SP-induced oxygen uptake is dependent on the presence and permeability of Ca2+ with a subtle difference between the ACh and the SP mechanisms and that the oxygen uptake is independent of calmodulin.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed2000

[Squamous epithelial carcinoma in a duct cyst of the submandibular gland].

Squamous cell carcinomas are rare malignant tumors of the major and minor salivary glands in the head region. This is the report of a squamous cell carcinoma within a cyst of the submandibular gland. Clinical, histological and immunohistochemical findings are presented, and the importance as well as the therapeutic strategy of this very rare malignant tumor of the salivary glands are discussed.

Aged↗