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PubMed1999

[Two cases of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis].

We report two rare cases of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis. Case I was in a 13-year-old boy admitted to the pediatric department due to aseptic meningitis. Eight days after his admission, urinary retention developed and cystometry showed atonic bladder. Case 2 was in a 18-year-old woman consulted the urological department with a chief complaint of urinary retention accompanied with high fever, headache and vomiting. The spinal fluid examination and cystometry revealed aseptic meningitis and atonic bladder, respectively. In both cases, the patients were treated with conservative therapy and bladder dysfunction was resolved after a few weeks. Eleven cases of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis have been reported in the previous literature.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Retention of four endodontic posts cemented with composite resin.

Retention was compared of an active post system (Flexi-Flange), a metal passive prefabicated post system (ParaPost), a passive prefabricated burnout post system (ExactaCast) with and without grooved dentin walls, and a zirconium oxide ceramic post design (Cerapost). The Flexi-Flange with Flexi-Flow Natural cement obtained the highest retentive value of 270.4 lb. The Cerapost cemented with Universal Cement had the lowest retention value of 23.4 lb. The ExactaCast with grooved dentin walls was significantly stronger than the ExactaCast without grooving, the ParaPost, and the Cerapost. The two ExactaCast groups and the ParaPost group had higher retention than the Cerapost group.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2001

Persistent postpartum urinary retention in contemporary obstetric practice. Definition, prevalence and clinical implications.

OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the prevalence, presumed etiologies and clinical implications of persistent postpartum urinary retention in modern obstetric practice. STUDY DESIGN: The study population comprised 8,402 consecutive, unselected parturients delivered in a university-affiliated maternity hospital over a one-year period. If a woman was unable to void spontaneously until the third postpartum day despite intermittent use of a Foley catheter, a diagnosis of persistent postpartum urinary retention was established. Patients were treated by insertion of a Foley catheter for up to two weeks and subsequently by a suprapubic catheter. Obstetric data were collected from the hospital records. RESULTS: Four patients (0.05% of the study population), aged 29-37 years, developed persistent postpartum urinary retention. Risk factors included vaginal delivery after cesarean section, prolonged second stage of labor, epidural analgesia, and delayed diagnosis and intervention. Urodynamic evaluation, performed on two patients one month after removal of the suprapubic catheter, revealed genuine stress incontinence in one and detrusor instability in another. None had had any lower urinary tract symptoms before pregnancy and delivery. CONCLUSION: Persistent postpartum urinary retention in contemporary obstetric practice is rare but may be associated with long-term bladder dysfunction. Early diagnosis and intervention are required to prevent irreversible bladder damage.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[A case of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis].

A case of a 37-year-old man with urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis is described. He was admitted to our hospital with complaints of fever, nausea, headache, and gait disturbance. He had begun treatment 1 week previously for high fever, headache and joint pain at an outpatient department. On admission, neurological examination revealed neck stiffness, spasticity and hyperreflexia of the extremities, hypesthesia of the lower extremities, and ataxic gait. A spinal fluid examination revealed aseptic meningitis. Disturbed consciousness, diplopia, aphasia, tetraparesis, and urinary retention appeared after admission. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed no abnormal lesions. On the 2nd day of hospitalization, a Foley catheter was inserted for urinary retention. The patient was treated with conservative therapy, and his symptoms gradually resolved. The Foley catheter was removed on hospital day 13, but bladder dysfunction was persisted. MRI of the lumbar spine revealed herniated lumbar discs at level L3-4, L4-5, and L5-S1, but the nerve roots were not compressed. The patient was managed with clean intermittent catheterization for more than two weeks. Cystometry revealed atonic bladder. Nineteen cases of urinary retention secondary to aseptic meningitis have been reported in the previous literature. We reviewed their clinical presentation and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mechanism of acute urinary retention in patients with giant bladder diverticulum. Report of 4 cases].

Urinary retention due to bladder diverticulum is a rare clinical entity. We report Three males that were subjected to transurethral resection of prostate due benign hyperplasia with urinary retention, after removal of the catheter during postoperative period, requiring a new catheterization, and an adolescent woman with history of urinary infection that presented urinary retention four previous months to her first interview in the service. The later investigation demonstrated in all patients a big bladder diverticulum. The diverticulectomy reestablished the satisfactory bladder emptying in all patients. The origin of the bladder diverticula, the mechanism of the urinary retention without obstruction and its treatment is discussed.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

Does ultrastructural morphology of human detrusor smooth muscle cells characterize acute urinary retention?

PURPOSE: Acute urinary retention is relatively rare in otherwise healthy men. The condition may be attributable to a combination of obstruction and detrusor hypocontractility. We determined whether acute or chronic urinary retention is accompanied by characteristic ultrastructural features in bladder detrusor smooth muscle cells and whether any of these ultrastructural features may be useful for classifying these conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bladder biopsies of 15 men, including 13 in acute and 2 in chronic urinary retention, and 6 controls were examined by transmission electron microscopy. They were semiquantitatively and morphometrically analyzed for degenerative changes, cellular hypertrophy, variations in intercellular distances, abnormal cell junctions and configurations, and intracellular changes. RESULTS: No significant ultrastructural features were noted in the detrusor muscle of patients in acute urinary retention compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: We cannot confirm the reports of others that characteristic ultrastructural features in smooth muscle cells accompany bladder outlet obstruction and detrusor hypocontractility.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A longitudinal study on mandibular implants supporting an overdenture: the influence of retention mechanism and anatomic-prosthetic variables on periimplant parameters.

PURPOSE: The aim of this 5-year longitudinal study was to investigate the influence of the retention mechanism for overdenture fixation on the periimplant parameters of mandibular implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety edentulous patients, each with two interforaminal implants supporting an overdenture, participated in the study. They had received either a straight or slightly bent round clip bar, a U-shaped rigid bar with or without distal extensions, or single-ball anchors. Anatomic-morphologic and prosthetic variables were assessed related to the implant position and the type of overdenture retention. The degree of mandibular atrophy was determined using cephalometric radiographs. The angle beta between the virtual axis connecting both implants and the mandibular hinge axis was measured on mounted casts. A supporting surface was identified between bent clip bars and U-shaped extension bars. Clinical periimplant parameters were recorded, and changes of the probing attachment level after 5 years were analyzed in 70 patients with respect to the retention device and anatomic-morphologic and prosthetic variables. RESULTS: A significant increase of the Plaque Index was observed after 5 years. The mean clinical attachment loss after 5 years was about 0.2 mm. In more than 50%, beta was small, i.e., < or = 5 degrees. For these implants, loss of clinical attachment was significantly lower. The correlation between attachment loss and beta was weak, while no significant correlation was found with regard to the degree of atrophy and surface. CONCLUSION: In view of the long observation period, it was concluded that the position and retention mechanism of mandibular implants supporting an overdenture have little influence on the long-term stability of the clinical parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Influence of smear layer and adhesive resin on the retentive force of amalgam restoration in vitro study].

UNLABELLED: The purposes of this in vitro study were to determine whether removing of smear layer and using of self-cured adhesive can increase retentive strength of amalgam restoration and to understand the adhesive mechanism between amalgam and adhesive. Class I cavities without mechanical retention were prepared in the occlusal surfaces of 45 extracted molars which were randomly divided into 3 groups. Group 1: 10%EDTA(pH 7.4) was applied to cavity walls for 1 minute prior to amalgam condensation. Group 2: 10%EDTA was applied in the same manner as in group 1, then the walls were water-sprayed and dried. Miradapt adhesive was applied, and amalgam must be packed into cavity before the adhesive cures. CONTROL GROUP: no special treatment before amalgam condensation. The tensile strength of the restorations were measured. The adhesive interface of two samples from group 2 were evaluated by SEM and EDS. As a result, removing smear layer had little effect on retentive force of amalgam (P > 0.05), while removing smear layer and applying adhesive improved the retentive strength of amalgam fillings significantly (P < 0.05), and there were micromechanical interlock between amalgam and adhesive according to SEM and EDS observation.

Adhesives↗
PubMed2002

The length of the retention interval, forgetting, and subjective similarity.

A long retention interval tends to result in the poor retention known as forgetting. A high subjective similarity between stimuli frequently produces their poor retention. Thus, a long retention interval may increase the subjective similarity between stimuli (the RIISS hypothesis), and this increase may produce forgetting. To examine this hypothesis, college students made speeded same-different discriminations between two lines or tones of different lengths or frequencies that were 400 ms or 3,300 ms apart, and they rated the similarity of these stimuli. The long interval produced poorer overall performance as expected, but also produced poorer performance on different than same stimuli, implying that it increased the subjective similarity between the initial and subsequent stimuli, and it also increased rated similarity, in support of the RIISS hypothesis. The position that stored stimuli lose less common information than distinctive information explains RIISS evidence better than does perturbation theory.

Attention↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of timing of coronal preparation on retention of cemented cast posts and cores.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effect of coronal preparation by high-speed handpiece on the retention of cemented cast posts and cores. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cast posts and cores were fabricated for 90 extracted single-rooted human teeth cemented with zinc-phosphate cement and randomly divided into six groups of 15 specimens each. The six groups were matched randomly two by two, such that one of each of the matched groups was subjected to a 4-minute period of high-speed preparation of the cores. Castings from the first pair (1 and 2) were subjected to an axially directed removal force using a universal testing machine 15 minutes from the start of cement mixing; castings from the second (3 and 4) and third (5 and 6) pairs were tested at 1 hour and 24 hours, respectively, having been stored in water at 37 degrees C for the waiting periods. The forces required for dislodgment of posts from their prepared spaces were recorded. Data were statistically analyzed using two- and one-way ANOVA and the Student's t test. RESULTS: The results showed increased mean retentive strengths of posts as the time to testing increased for both unprepared and prepared groups. Significantly higher mean retentive strengths of posts were recorded for unprepared compared to prepared groups tested at 15 minutes and 1 hour after cementation. CONCLUSION: High-speed preparation had a significant negative effect on the retentive strengths of posts tested at 15 minutes and 1 hour after cementation, but not on those tested at 24 hours.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Epidural anesthesia does not increase the incidences of urinary retention and hesitancy in micturition after ambulatory hemorrhoidectomy.

BACKGROUND: This randomized, prospective study was designed to evaluate the role of various anesthesias in postoperative urinary retention and hesitancy in micturition in patients receiving hemorrhoidectomy on ambulatory basis. METHODS: In a randomized order, 128 ambulatory patients, ASA physical status I or II, were divided into two groups to receive hemorrhoidectomy under epidural or local anesthesia. In all patients, the intraoperative intravenous fluid given was limited to 200 ml +/- 2 ml/kg/h of Ringer's lactate solution. Patients were requested to void urine voluntarily before discharge. The incidences of postoperative urinary retention and hesitancy in micturition were evaluated by telephone interview 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Neither the incidence of urinary retention, nor the incidence of hesitancy in micturition was significantly different between the two groups. Patients with age over 50 had a significantly higher incidence of hesitancy in micturition than younger patients. The incidence of hesitancy in micturition seemed higher in male patients (31.3%) than that in females (15.6%), but the difference was not statistically different (P = 0.0585). CONCLUSIONS: With judicious intraoperative fluid restriction and voluntary voiding before discharge, epidural anesthesia does not increase the incidence of postoperative urinary retention or hesitancy in micturition following ambulatory hemorrhoidectomy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effect of multiple layers of die-spacer on crown retention.

The application of die-spacer to crown preparation dies prior to the fabrication of the cast crown is an acceptable procedure to improve the fit of the restoration. Previous studies have shown that the retention of the restoration will be improved, unchanged, or reduced when an appropriate thickness of die-spacer is used. No studies have determined the effect on retention if excessive die-spacer is used. This study evaluated the effect of increasing die-spacer thickness on the retention of cast full crowns. Cast copings were fabricated on dies coated with either 0, 4, 8, 12, or 16 coats of die-spacer, cemented on the respective teeth, and removed using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. There were no statistically significant differences (P < or = 0.05) between the mean force required to remove the cemented copings. It appears that increasing the application of die-spacer up to 16 coats (151 micrometers) does not adversely affect the retention of cemented cast copings.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2004

Acute urinary retention caused by a uterine leiomyoma: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Large uterine leiomyomas may cause acute urinary retention from bladder outlet obstruction. CASE: A 46-year-old, premenopausal, multiparous woman presented to a large, urban, university emergency department, where a diagnosis of acute urinary retention from uterine prolapse was made. An indwelling Foley catheter was placed. A week later the patient presented to an urogynecologist's office for evaluation of the prolapse and urinary retention. Physical examination showed an 18-20-week-sized uterus with a posterior lower uterine segment leiomyoma displacing the cervix anteriorly, causing bladder outlet obstruction, and no evidence of pelvic organ prolapse. The obstruction was relieved by total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. CONCLUSION: A large uterine leiomyoma obstructed the bladder neck and presented as urinary retention.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

[The effect of different fabrication methods and luting cements on post retention].

OBJECTIVE: This study was to compare the retention of posts fabricated by different methods and cemented with various cements in order to provide a guidance for clinical choice of post fabrication methods and luting cements. METHODS: Ninety human maxillary anterior teeth were sectioned by the cementoenamel junction and post-holes were prepared. All roots were embedded in the center of plastic cylinders and paralleled with the cylinder. All samples were divided into 9 groups randomly and equally. Posts fabricated with different methods were then cemented with different luting cements. Each sample was placed into a specialized jig and mounted on a tensile testing machine with crosshead speed of 5 mm/min. Constant tensile force was applied until the post was dislodged, and the tensile force required to dislodge the cemented post was recorded. RESULTS: The mean retention force of parapost and direct post demonstrated significantly higher than that of indirect post did (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between parapost and direct post(P > 0.05). The mean retention of parapost cement demonstrated significantly higher than that of ZPC and HY-Bond cement did (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between ZPC and HY-Bond cement (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Different fabrication methods and luting cements significantly affect the retention of posts; and there exists an interaction between different fabricating methods and luting cements.

Cementation↗
PubMed2005

Short-term retentive values of zirconium oxide posts cemented with glass ionomer and resin cement: an in vitro study and a case report.

OBJECTIVE: This paper presents the results of an investigation focusing on the retention of all-ceramic posts. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of two luting agents--a glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Cem) and a resin cement (Panavia F)--on the retention of a prefabricated ceramic post (Cerapost) after different pretreatment techniques in vitro. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Forty freshly extracted incisors and canines were treated endodontically. The root canals were filled with laterally condensed gutta-percha and sealer. The teeth were assigned to 1 of 4 groups, each containing 10 specimens: sandblasted/nonsandblasted post cemented with glass-ionomer cement and sandblasted/nonsandblasted post cemented with resin cement. Tensile tests were carried out. The specimens were also quantitatively analyzed under a scanning electron microscope. RESULTS: The retentive strengths of posts, sandblasted and nonsandblasted, and cemented with Panavia F resin cement, were significantly increased as compared to those cemented with Ketac Cem. CONCLUSION: Both the luting agent and the post-surface pretreatment had a significant influence on the retention of the ceramic post.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Effects of expansion fashion and expansion quantity on retention of cement-expanded composite screw post].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of expansion fashion and expansion quantity on retention of cement-expanded composition screw post (CECSP). METHODS: Ninety simulated tooth roots made of polymethylmethacrylate were divided into ten groups, each fashion induded five groups. The expanded plastic sheath of tricuspid valve was made with the special separated valve device and cemented and tightened up into root with the screw post at the same time by ZPC. Then the root and screw post-core system was tested by the speed of 10 mm/min on the INSTRON 4302 and the retention force was recorded. RESULTS: It appeared that the difference between different expansion fashion and different expansion quantity were significantly (P < 0.05). The retention of expansion fashion one was significantly greater than those of fashion two. The retention was best when expansion quantity was within 10%. CONCLUSION: During clinic operation, we should apply definite fashion and control the expansion quantity within 10%, and the screw post should tighten up to the bottom of prepared root.

Bone Screws↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Recommendations for improving cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills retention.

Massive community efforts are devoted to delivering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to health professionals and lay people. However, although most people can successfully learn to perform CPR, skills retention is universally poor. Beginning as early as 2 weeks after initial training, CPR skills begin to deteriorate in a wide variety of subjects including nurses, physicians, emergency medical technicians, family members of patients with cardiac disease, and other lay people. Methods tested to improve retention are reviewed, and the role of practice and review is examined. The failure of many factors to improve retention of CPR skills is discussed. Finally, suggestions for improvement in retention of CPR skills based on a review of the literature and pertinent theory are offered.

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation↗
PubMed2006

Acute urinary retention caused by a large peritoneal inclusion cyst: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Pelvic masses have been known to cause bladder symptoms and compression. This is the first documented case of a large peritoneal inclusion cyst causing acute urinary retention from bladder outlet obstruction. CASE: A 36-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 2, presented to the gynecology clinic with an indwelling Foley catheter that was placed at an outside hospital secondary to acute urinary retention. Computed tomography, performed several days earlier for complaints of progressively worsening lower abdominal and pelvic pain, revealed a 10-cm, complex, cystic mass within the pelvis between the rectum and sigmoid colon, with anterior displacement of the bladder. The patient's past surgical history included a total abdominal hysterectomy as well as separate exploratory laparotomy for resection of a 20-cm peritoneal inclusion cyst and a prophylactic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Due to the acute urinary retention and worsening pain, the decision was made to proceed with laparoscopic removal and drainage of the mass, which turned out to be consistent with a recurrent peritoneal inclusion cyst. Symptom relief was immediate. CONCLUSION: A large, recurrent, peritoneal inclusion cyst obstructed the bladder neck and presented as acute urinary retention. Laparoscopy relieved the symptoms.

Adult↗