Evaluating study modules in basic nurse education programmes.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Education, Nursing↗
SEARCH · Search PubMed
Results for “Programmed Instruction”
Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
A study of the relationships between learning style, readiness for self-directed learning and teaching preference of learner nurses in one health district.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Education, Nursing↗
Self-directed learning and student supervision.
Nurse education in the United Kingdom is undergoing major changes arising from proposals for a new preparation for practice entitled Project 2000 (UKCC 1988). Self-directed learning is identified as an important element in most Project 2000 qualifying education programmes. There is, however, some lack of clarity about self-directed learning and how it should be managed in the curriculum. This paper addresses the fundamental meaning of the self-directed learning concept and the advantages in this approach. It is suggested that a balance must be established between maximising the student's control of her own learning and the constraints imposed by statutory educational requirements, particularly with regard to learning outcomes. The issue of the locus of control at various stages in the learning process is considered. The paper concludes by identifying the teacher's role as a supervisor of studies and a partnership model for student supervision is proposed.
Education, Nursing↗
Open learning for enrolled nurses.
Enrolled nurses need help in considering the new range of career options which conversion courses have opened to them. They also need assistance in planning how best to take advantage of these new opportunities. This article describes a training course run in South Lincolnshire which aims to help enrolled nurses to meet their development needs through a combination of classroom and distance learning methods.
Career Mobility↗
Self-study programmes and nursing education.
This article gives an account of the use of 'self-study programmes' (SSPs) in a registered mental nurse curriculum. The account spans a period of over 3 years. It describes the development and implementation of two SSPs in the author's school and the generally favourable outcomes that were found to be associated with them. The perceived virtues of the self-study approach are described and, in conclusion, it is recommended that the approach be more widely used throughout nurse education generally.
Curriculum↗
Reflections of a distance education facilitator.
After nearly a year of preparation, 'Therapeutic Communication', the first nursing unit in our new Bachelor of Nursing degree was taught for the first time in 1988. The unit has developed and grown since this time, with both educational and financial factors determining such things as design of student materials and assessment mode. The geographically scattered--and often isolated--students are formally recognised for their individuality and their personal and professional life experiences, and given choices within the unit of what they want to learn and how they will present this material, through introduction of a learning contract as part of the unit assessment. Difficulties encountered by these students in maintaining their self-esteem when moving from the demanding and complex world of clinical nursing to the arena of tertiary study are discussed. The provision of speedy, comprehensive feedback with general as well as specific guidance with essay writing and referencing, focuses on the process skills many nurses lack as they enter this unit. The applicability of therapeutic communication to clinical practice and the diversity of projects undertaken by students within the limits of the unit demonstrate its appeal to a wide range of registered nurses. Some of the often ignored or minimised factors that differentiate external study from on-campus work are highlighted for both students and unit facilitator, and the creation of an in-house booklet to assist students in developing their skills in external study is outlined.
Communication↗
Problem-based learning packages: considerations for neophyte package writers.
Adopting problem-based learning (PBL) as the major educational approach in the implementation of a nursing curriculum requires the development of numerous learning stimulus packages. When reviewing the experience of the Division of Nursing within the Faculty of Health at the University of Western Sydney, Macarthur in Australia, several considerations for package writers were identified and are discussed. These include needs assessment, integration of the curricula content strands, multi-media learning stimuli, context, role and the incorporation of ongoing client management. The need for nurturance of writers and peer review of the developed packages is also addressed, as is a review of the impact of different learning stimuli.
Education, Nursing, Baccalaureate↗
The development of a BA in community health nursing/BA in nursing by distance learning.
A new degree course in community health care nursing has been developed at The Robert Gordon University, with validation having taken place on 30 June 1992. It is innovative as it is being offered to students by a part-time distance learning route only, over a minimum time of 18 months and a maximum time of 3.5 years, and is replacing the full-time diploma courses offered in district nursing, health visiting and occupational health nursing. As well as the community health nursing route, a BA in nursing has also been developed for any registered nurse who wishes to top-up to degree level.
Community Health Nursing↗
In defence of pedagogy: a critique of the notion of andragogy.
Malcolm Knowles' theory of andragogy has gained increasing acceptance among nurse educators. Andragogy is espoused as a progressive educational theory, adopted as a theoretical underpinning for curricula and is even considered to be synonymous with a variety of teaching techniques and strategies such as 'problem-based' and 'self-directed' learning. This paper offers a critique of the notion of andragogy which maintains that the distinction created between andragogy and pedagogy is spurious and based upon assumptions which are untenable. It is argued that andragogy has been uncritically accepted within nursing education in much the same way that the nursing process and models of nursing were in their day. Finally, it is claimed that true pedagogy has far more radical, powerful and transformative possibilities for nursing education.
Adult↗
Open learning--passing educational fancy or key player in flexible educational provision?
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Economic Competition↗
Open learning: the state of the art in nursing and midwifery.
In this paper the authors examine the differences between open and distance learning and describe a framework based on the two dimensions of contiguity and openness to identify four 'ideal type' teaching situations. In the second part of the paper, recent developments in higher education are summarised and the shift towards increased flexibility of education provision is highlighted. Finally, it is argued that alongside the debate about definitions and educational philosophies, there is an urgent need to evaluate the effectiveness of open and distance learning systems. Personal beliefs and assertions about the benefits of open/distance learning need to be replaced by sound evidence.
Education, Nursing↗
The development of workbased learning: a pilot study at Barnet Healthcare NHS Trust.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Clinical Competence↗
Effects of a community-wide smoking cessation program.
The evaluation of a low-cost community-wide smoking cessation campaign conducted in a major metropolitan area demonstrated a major impact on the number of people smoking, amount of cigarettes smoked, and expenses associated with smoking. The American Lung Association's 20-day self-conducted Freedom From Smoking program was used in conjunction with TV coverage. Standard telephone survey techniques determined that 5300 stopped and 26,500 reduced smoking. Major features of the program were evaluated and important differences were analyzed between males and females, users and non-users of the program manual, and success groups. Behavioral factors as opposed to historical factors appeared to be most important for success.
Adolescent↗
The role of day care givers in the identification and prevention of infections.
The prevalence of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pyogenes in children attending day care centers in North Jordan was studied. Nasal and throat swabs, cultured for Streptococcus pyogenes were collected from 100 children enrolled in four day care centers serving middle to high socioeconomic status portions of the population in March 1989. The identity of the streptococcal isolates was confirmed by biochemical and serological methods. Throat infection manifestations of the past 3 days, as reported and observed by the care givers, were related to culture results. The study findings showed that the prevalence of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pyogenes was high and ranged between 10 to 23.3%. It was also noted that the care givers were able to correctly identify children with suspected throat infection, in 11 to 25% of the children who grew Streptococcus pyogenes on cultures, by mere observation of the symptoms. Due to the high prevalence of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pyogenes in these settings, measures to control and prevent the spread of Streptococcus pyogenes must be employed. This study suggests that care givers may play an important role in achieving such a goal if they are offered proper health education programs and instructions on child hygiene.
Caregivers↗
Nicotine gum and self-help manuals in smoking cessation: an evaluation in a medical context.
This study evaluated the effectiveness of nicotine chewing gum in smoking cessation, when incorporated into a behaviorally oriented self-help program. One hundred ninety-seven patients were randomly assigned to nicotine gum with a self-help manual, a self-help manual without gum, or a control condition, but received no further treatment from the prescribing physician. At six weeks, the nicotine gum group was superior to both the self-help and control conditions. By one year, many gum patients had relapsed, and the treatment effect was no longer significant. Patients who were able to quit initially were most likely to remain ex-smokers in the self-help condition. The clinical importance of these findings is discussed.
Adolescent↗
Efficacy of a minimal contact version of a multimodal smoking cessation program.
A five-week multimodal smoking cessation program was delivered in two formats: Weekly Contact Group meetings led by graduate student leaders versus a minimal contact By-Mail version consisting of weekly mailings of program materials. By-Mail subjects also had access to a "hotline" number they could call with questions and problems. Of 43 smokers who began the Contact Group program, 37% were abstinent at one-year follow-ups; 41% of the 49 By-Mail subjects were abstinent at one year. These results suggest that cost effective minimal contact cessation programs can benefit the many smokers who are unwilling or unable to visit cessation clinics.
Adult↗
A televised, self-help, cigarette smoking cessation intervention.
A televised, self-help cigarette smoking cessation intervention was conducted and evaluated. During the 20-day program, reports were broadcast daily on the evening news programs of the local affiliate station of a national television network. Two samples of smokers who requested self-help manuals were interviewed by telephone immediately following the conclusion of the program and again 3 months later concerning their demographic characteristics, participation in the program, and smoking and quitting experiences. In one sample heavier smokers who expressed a greater desire to quit were more likely to participate in the program and, at the three-month followup, 21% reported being abstinent compared to 10% of those who did not participate. Smokers in the other sample were invited to attend three weekly support meetings during the program. More of those who attended meetings (35%) reported quitting during the program than those who did not attend (23%), but this difference did not persist for 3 months. A greater percentage of the meeting sample (27%) than the other sample (21%) reported abstinence initially, but this difference did not persist for three months either. Intervention outcomes are compared with several standards.
Adult↗
Randomized clinical trials: alternatives to conventional randomization.
The randomized allocation format remains an exceedingly powerful tool for clinical research. Because humans are the subjects in clinical research, this area of scientific study must operate within the limits dictated by such basic principles as individual autonomy, justice, and beneficence. As randomized studies have become more common in clinical research, it has become apparent that there is often need for modification of the basic randomized format or for alternatives. The most widespread modification is the use of sequential analyses to monitor the progress of a trial and ensure early identification of either unanticipated adverse effects or more pronounced differences than expected. Although this modification does not affect the basic randomized allocation format, it does provide a protection that is lacking in the conventional trial and should be utilized whenever feasible. Modifications that do affect the basic structure of the randomized trial include adaptive allocation and pre-randomization. The former is attractive and useful but limited to studies in which results from early enrollees are known before late enrollees are allocated. The greater the linkage between preceding subject results and subsequent assignments, the greater is the protection afforded by such a format. Pre-randomization, more universally applicable than adaptive allocation, suffers from pronounced cross-over potential and has been criticized on ethical grounds, a combination of weaknesses that raises questions of whether pre-randomization truly offers advantages to conventional randomized formats. True alternatives to the randomized format include the self-controlled study and the historical control design. Both possess significant ethical advantages over the simple randomized study. Unfortunately, both are at some methodological disadvantage when the same comparison is made. The self-controlled study is limited to the study of conditions sufficiently stable or recurrent that they permit two or more treatment courses in a single patient. In emergency medicine and critical care, this description fits only a small proportion of the illness spectrum. This design is underutilized in clinical research focused on less severe problems of the type seen in ambulatory and primary-care settings. Such problems can be suitable topics for research by emergency medicine specialists. Historical control studies are eminently applicable in the emergency and critical-care setting.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Antihypertensive Agents↗