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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Inhibitory effect of intestinal bacteria on spontaneous multiple polyps in the small intestine of gnotobiotic BALB/c mice.

The incidence of multiple polyps and number of polyps per mouse were significantly lower in conventionalized (CVz), and chloroform-resistant bacteria (CRB)- or fusiform bacteria (FB)-associated mice than in germfree (GF) BALB/c mice. The concentration of fecal fatty acids was also higher in mice associated with either CRB or FB than in GF mice. The incidence of multiple polyps and number of polyps per mouse were significantly correlated with the concentration of fatty acids in the feces of CVz and CRB-GB mice. This study demonstrated that inhibition of multiple polyps in the small intestine of BALB/c mice was affected by the production of intestinal fatty acids.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Percutaneous resection of renal pelvic fibroepithelial polyp with medullary sponge kidney: a case report].

Benign polyp of the renal pelvis is extremely rare. We report a case of fibroepithelial polyp in the renal pelvis complicated with medullary sponge kidney successfully treated by percutaneous resection. The patient had recurrent bilateral renal stones because of medullary sponge kidney. Percutaneous resection of renal pelvic polyps was carried out through a 26 Fr Amplatz sheath using a 24 Fr resectoscope. Pathological diagnosis was a fibroepithelial polyp. The etiology of this polyp was suggested to be chronic irritation of renal stone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of cyclooxygenase in nasal polyps from atopic and nonatopic subjects.

Cyclooxygenase (COX) 1 and 2 are two isoforms of a crucial enzyme in the metabolism of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins, thromboxanes and prostacyclin. It is now clear that COX-1 is expressed in the majority of cells constitutively, and COX-2 appears after stimulation. The role of cyclooxygenase expression in the pathophysiology of the airways has not been elucidated. In this study we aimed to compare cyclooxygenase expression in nasal polyps removed from well-defined atopic and nonatopic subjects. Monoclonal antibodies against COX-total (detecting both COX-1 and COX-2 epitopes) and anti-COX-2 combined with peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) visualizing system were used to assess COX-total and COX-2 expression in cryostat sections of nasal polyps from both groups of patients. Chromotrope R2 or toluidine blue staining were used to detect the presence of eosinophils and mast cells, respectively. We demonstrated that cryostat sections of nasal polyps from both groups of patients revealed COX-total and COX-2 expression with similar intensity. There were no significant differences in distribution of COX-total or COX-2 immunoreactivity in nasal polyps tissue between atopic and nonatopic group. No correlation between density of cells expressing COX-2 and the number of mast cells and eosinophils was found. Our data indicate that COX-2 is expressed in nasal polyps from both atopic and nonatopic patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Nasal polyps in children.

During the 1980-1995 period, 957 patients were admitted for nasal polyposis, 59 (6.2%) of them children. Results were analyzed with respect to localization of the polyps, allergy, histologic picture, bacteriologic tests, radiologic findings of paranasal sinuses, cytology of nasal mucosa, therapeutic approach, and tendency to relapse. Forty children (22 boys and 18 girls) were analyzed. Their mean age was 11.1 years. Unilateral polyposis was found in 29, and bilateral in 11 children. Antrochoanal polyps (ACP) were found in 30, bilateral nasal polyps in 5, polyps in maxillary sinus in 5, and allergy in 8 children. Inflammation of the maxillary sinus was present in 93% of children with ACP. Their correlation between ACP and inflammation in maxillary sinus suggested that edema of the sinus mucosa have led to protrusion through the ostium and formation of the nasal polyp.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Clinical and pathological observation of recurrent nasal polyp formation].

To investigate the mechanism of nasal polyp recurrence, 19 patients with recurrent nasal polyp were retrospectively analysed. In 4 patients, nasal polyp specimens had been sent for pathological examination more than three times, and in 6 patients, bacteria culture was performed. There were two types of recurrent nasal polyp: water-cyst type (fast recurrence) and edematous granulation type (slow recurrence). Both types were the result of inflammatory reaction, perhaps related to trauma of operation. Water-cyst formation indicated stronger inflammatory reaction. During follow-up, 10 patients were cured and 9 recurred. Preventive measures against nasal polyp recurrence were discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Malignant polyps of the colon and rectum].

It is important for the general surgeon to have a clear idea of what is a malignant polyp and factors determining its clinical management. A malignant polyp is either sessile or pedunculated and harbors an invasive carcinoma which means that malignant cells have penetrated into or through the muscularis mucosae. Carcinoma in situ, intramucosal carcinoma, superficial carcinoma, carcinoma within the the mucosa or lamina propria are terms commonly used that must be distinguished from true invasive malignancy. These polyps should be treated by complete polypectomy and followed up as in a benign polyp. A polyp with invasive carcinoma requires careful evaluation to make a decision if simple polypectomy is sufficient treatment or whether surgical treatment is indicated. This decision is based on the risk factors such as a residual/recurrent tumour and the risk of lymph node metastases. We present a current review of the literature on the subject.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed2000

Sphenochoanal polyps in Singapore: diagnosis and current management.

Sphenochoanal polyp is a rare form of choanal polyp. If unrecognised, they can be mistaken for an antrochoanal polyp. This will result in unnecessary exploration of the maxillary sinus, and a failure to remove the sphenoidal component of the sphenochoanal polyp. Adequate preoperative evaluation with computed tomography or magnetic resonance is mandatory to ascertain the correct diagnosis, and to facilitate the planning of the appropriate surgical procedure. We present two patients with sphenochoanal polyp and a review of the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Management of inflammatory polyps in 37 cats.

The case records of 37 cats treated for nasopharyngeal or aural inflammatory polyps were reviewed. Thirty of them were managed conservatively with the polyp being removed by traction alone. Long-term follow-up information was available for 22 cats, of which 13 (59 per cent) had no recurrence of clinical signs. The remaining nine cats required recurrent polyps to be removed surgically. Cats with only nasopharyngeal polyps were nearly four times more likely to be cured by traction alone than cats with aural polyps, and none of the cats that was treated with prednisolone after traction suffered a recurrence. Cats with more severe aural signs were more likely to require surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

[The role of chemokines in nasal polyps].

Nasal polyposis is an inflammatory condition of the nose and the sinuses characterised by a marked infiltration of eosinophils in addition to lymphocytes, mast cells and macrophages. The selective recruitment of eosinophils to inflammatory sites is mediated by CC chemokines such as Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2. In the present study histology, immunohistochemistry and ELISA were performed. The levels of Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2 and for comparison other chemokines RANTES and IL-8 were measured in nasal polyp tissue and in control nasal tissue. On histological examination 6 polyps showed an oedematous structure, one was glandular and one had a fibromatous pattern, while all showed a marked eosinophil infiltration. Immunohistochemistry of the polyps showed that epithelial cells were strongly positive for Eotaxin and IL-8, whereas endothelial cells stained positive for Eotaxin-2. Significantly higher amounts of Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2 and IL-8 were detected in polyp tissue when compared with control middle turbinates. The increased levels of eosinophil-stimulating chemokines, such as Eotaxin and Eotaxin-2 in nasal polyps suggest that they may be important regulators of eosinophil recruitment in this inflammatory disease.

Chemokine CCL11↗
PubMed2000

[Tamoxifen and giant endometrial polyps].

Tamoxifen is a synthetic non-steroid anti-estrogen that has been used effectively for several years in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. Although its therapeutic effect is due to its anti-estrogenic properties, the drug also shows modest type B estrogen-receptor agonist activity during the menopausal period in which estrogens are at a low level. Owing to the fall in estrogen levels in menopause, tamoxifen provokes an up-regulation of both estrogen and progesterone receptors at an endometrial tissue is a direct consequence of this. This proliferation, which is the result of an inappropriate response of the basal layer and the basis for the onset of hyperplasia and polyps in the tissue. At standard therapeutic dosages, tamoxifen in postmenopausal women is associated with the onset of alterations in the vaginal and endometrial epithelium. Cases of endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial polyps, adenomyosis, endometriosis and fibromyomas are described in the literature. Endometrial polyps represent the most common pathology associated with TAM in women with previous breast cancer in menopause. The estrogenic stimulus to polyps following TAM treatment may be considerable, resulting in their growth to sizeable proportions, causing metrorrhagia and suspected neoplastic pathology. Two cases of patients receiving adjuvant treatment with tamoxifen for previous breast cancer, who presented two giant endometrial polyps of uncommon dimension, are reported.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of juvenile solitary polyps, in the light of the unusual but proven neoplastic potential].

For many years a neoplastic potentiality of the juvenile polyps has been denied. The authors performed a critical review of the international literature about the neoplastic transformation of the juvenile polyps. Each examined case had to respect three conditions: 1) exhaustive hystological findings certifying a clear neoplastic degeneration of a juvenile polyp; 2) clear evidence of single juvenile polyposis (< 5), presence in the colon and rectum only and absence of familiarity; 3) reliable diagnostic practice (endoscopic and/or hystological evidence). During the review we collected 271 cases of juvenile polyposis observed in 12 countries, 97 of which (35.79%) showed neoplastic transformation, adenomatous type in 50 (18.45%) and carcinomatous type in 47 (17.34%), and 13 cases of neoplastic degeneration of single juvenile polyps. The review shows clearly and strongly that the risk of cancer in the juvenile polyposis can reach the risk of the adenomatous polyposis. The neoplastic degeneration exists in the single juvenile polyps even if in a lower degree.

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal↗
PubMed2001

Epoxide hydrolase Tyr113His polymorphism is associated with elevated risk of colorectal polyps in the presence of smoking and high meat intake.

Microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) metabolizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, carcinogens found in cigarette smoke and cooked meat. Polymorphisms in exon 3 and exon 4 of the mEH gene have been found to alter mEH activity. We investigated the association between these polymorphisms and colorectal polyps within the Minnesota Cancer Prevention Research Unit case-control study. Cases were diagnosed with colonoscopically confirmed adenomas (n = 530) or hyperplastic polyps (n = 202); controls (n = 649) were polyp-free at colonoscopy. Smoking history and meat consumption were obtained from self-administered questionnaires before colonoscopy. mEH genotypes were determined by PCR/RFLP or oligonucleotide ligation assay. The overall risks associated with exon 3 or exon 4 polymorphisms for both adenomas and hyperplastic polyps were not statistically different from 1.0. Compared with exon 3 Tyr/Tyr, 0 pack-years, risk was highest among those with the exon 3 His/His genotype and >25 pack-years of smoking [adenoma, odds ratio (OR) = 4.9 (1.9-12.8); hyperplastic, OR = 7.7 (2.5-24.0)]. Risks were not elevated among exon 4 homozygous variants, even in the presence of heavy smoking. Fried, baked, or broiled meat intake of > or =two servings/week (high) compared with < or =one serving/week was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk of adenoma. The highest risks were seen for those with the exon 3 His/His genotype and high cooked meat intake [OR = 3.3 (1.4-7.9); reference group: Tyr/Tyr, < or = 1 serving/week). Although mEH polymorphisms are not associated with an increased risk of colorectal polyps overall, genotypes that produce a slow phenotype appear to be associated with an increased risk in the presence of smoking and high intakes of cooked meat.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

[Long-term evaluation of the endoscopic treatment of gastric polyps].

BACKGROUND: The authors intend to evaluate the long-term efficacy of endoscopic treatment of gastric polyps. METHODS: They report their experience in 5000 upper gastro intestinal endoscopies performed between 1985 and 1998. The method used aimed to evaluate the distribution of polyps by sex and age, the frequency of various histological types and the incidence of complications in relation to histological type and the size of the polyps. The authors also analysed the indications and criteria of choice between endoscopic treatment and surgery and they calculated the incidence of malignant neoplasm and complications in relation to the endoscopic method used, as well as the incidence of relapse at the medium and long-term follow-up. They searched for the presence of neoplasms in the follow-up and compared their personal experience with data from international literature. RESULTS: The results obtained show that non-surgical treatment of gastric polyps is resolutive in most cases. The endoscopic resection of polyps was performed using a polypectomy loop. In patients converted to surgery, the necessity for the operation was caused by an unexpected hemorrhage that could not be controlled using endoscopic treatment. In this case, the operation consisted of resecting the entire wall of the lesion, including an extemporary histological analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' experience allows them to state that endoscopic treatment of this gastric pathology is efficacious and free from risks and complications if stringent patient selection criteria are used (dimensions, morphological characteristics of the lesion) and control procedures over time suited to the potential malignancy of each histological type are carried out.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and the accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue to better understand the mechanism of airway eosinophilic inflammation. METHODS: The expression of ICAM-1 and its natural ligand, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), in normal nasal mucosa from 6 controls and in nasal polyp tissue from 19 patients with nasal polyposis were determined with immunohistochemistry. With dual immunohistochemistry and May-Griünwald Giemsa stain (MGG), the expression of LFA-1 and infiltrating eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue was observed. RESULTS: The expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 was stronger in the nasal polyp tissue than in normal nasal mucosa. There was a positive relationship between the infiltration of eosinophils and the expression of LFA-1 on eosinophils. CONCLUSION: Accumulation of eosinophils in nasal polyp tissue is associated with the counter-effect between adhesion molecules and its ligand on eosinophils.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Expression and significance of vascular permeability factor in nasal polyps].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression and significance of vascular permeability factor(VPF) in nasal polyps. METHODS: Expression of VPF and its receptor flk-1 in nasal polyps from 9 patients and inferior turbinates from 8 patients with chronic rhinitis were prospectively studied with immunohistochemistry. Each tissue section was observed under optical microscope. RESULTS: The VPF positivity in vascular endothelium and in gland cell was significantly higher in nasal polyps than in inferior turbinates (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively). The flk-1 labeling index of vascular endothelium was significantly higher in nasal polyps than that in inferior turbinates (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: VPF may play a key role in the formation of heavy edema of nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Expression of intercellular adhesion molecules in nasal polyps tissue and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1/lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 in nasal polyps tissue and its significance. METHODS: Frozen sections of 9 normal nasal mucosa and 19 nasal polyp samples were studied with immunohistochemical technique and immunohistochemical and MGG dual staining method with ICAM-1 and LFA-1 monoclone antibodies. RESULTS: Expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 were stronger in nasal polyps tissue than in the normal nasal mucosa, and there is positive relationship between the expression of ICAM-1 and the expression of LFA-1 on eosinophils. CONCLUSION: High expression of ICAM-1 and LFA-1 in nasal polyps tissue showed that interaction of ICAM-1/LFA-1 may participate in the inflammatory reaction and prompt adhesion and migration of eosinophils. High expression of LFA-1+ on eosinophils may play an important role in the pathogens of nasal polyps.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Colorectal polyp detection with virtual colonoscopy (computed tomographic colonography); the reliability of the method.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the reliability of virtual colonoscopy with conventional colonoscopy in detection of colorectal polyps. METHODOLOGY: Between November 1997 and February 2000, 23 patients (14 males, 9 females) aged 43-86 years (mean: 63) with colorectal polyps who underwent colonoscopy in our endoscopy unit, were referred for virtual colonoscopy. The colon was distended with an enema tube for rectal insufflation and subsequently was scanned by helical CT (Toshiba X-vision) using the following parameters: KV 120, mAs 200, table feed 5 mm/sec, slice thickness 5 mm and reconstruction intervals 2.5 mm. Using SPARC Station 20, virtual colonoscopy was generated. RESULTS: A total of 30 polyps (19 with diameter 8-15 mm and 11 larger than 15 mm) were detected with conventional colonoscopy. Virtual colonoscopy visualized 27 polyps (17 with diameter 8-15 mm and 10 with diameter > 15 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Virtual colonoscopy is a non-invasive, well-tolerated, safe technique and can be useful for detection of colorectal polyps. Weaknesses of the method are the inability to detect small lesions and to perform biopsies.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A review of antrochoanal polyps in 14 cases].

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the clinical results of surgical treatment for antrochoanal polyps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 14 patients (9 males, 5 females; mean age 23 years; range 7 to 48 years). Skin prick test was performed and specific IgE responses were determined. Treatment involved endoscopic sinus surgery in 13 patients, and polypectomy combined with Caldwell-Luc operation in one patient. Follow-up examinations were performed in the postoperative first and sixth months. RESULTS: The polyps originated from the right (n=8) and from the left (n=6) maxillary sinuses. Nasal obstruction was found in all cases, with accompanying nasal discharge, sneezing, and postnasal discharge in four; snoring and mouth breathing during sleep in five patients, and sore throat and rhinorrhea in one patient. Allergy was determined in three patients. Computed tomography showed coexistent sinus diseases in nine patients. During surgery, the precise origin of the polyp was detected in four cases; being in the lateral wall in two, and in the posterior wall in two patients. Complications were minor hemorrhage in two cases, and synechia in three. Recurrence was observed in two patients. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery proved an ideal approach for antrochoanal polyps as it enables complete removal of the antral portion of the polyp, and simultaneous intervention to other sinus diseases.

Adolescent↗