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Results for “Perceptual Distortion”

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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Autokinetic movement and inverted vision.

It was considered that inverted vision could influence the condition of the subject's relative framework. The aim of this study was to investigate whether autokinetic movement observed during inverted vision might differ from that in normal vision. One subject wearing inverting spectacles and another one subject in normal vision observed autokinetic movement for five days. The results showed that directional changes increased with the time spent in visual inversion, while in normal vision such tendency was not observed. One speculative interpretation was suggested in terms of subject-related framework.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Mania and nondominant hemisphere function.

Unlike schizophrenics, actively disturbed manic and hypomanic patients perceived intensely affective musical stimuli without configurational errors or exacerbation of symptoms. The result disagrees with the prevailing hypothesis of manic affect-related cognitive defect in nondominant hemisphere function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Effect of a mirror on body-size estimation.

This study investigated the effect of mirror feedback on body-width estimation in 66 normal adolescent girls. The presence of the mirror had no substantive effect on their estimating behaviour. The authors argue that the result cast further doubt on width estimation as a valid method for accessing the internalized image of the self.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Visuospatial ability, accuracy of size estimation, and bulimic disturbance in a noneating-disordered college sample: a neuropsychological analysis.

The relationship between visuospatial ability and size accuracy in perception was assessed in 69 normal college females. In general, correlations indicated small associations between visuospatial defects and size overestimation and little relationship between visuospatial ability and level of bulimic disturbance. Implications for research on the size overestimation of body image are addressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Mania, loss and defense: a percept-genetic investigation.

The defensive organization of manic states has been investigated with the Defense Mechanism Test-Separation Theme. A black and white stimulus portraying a mother figure who is leaving an infant alone was presented tachistoscopically, at increasing durations of exposure, to 22 inpatients who had had a manic episode and to 22 age- and sex-matched normal controls. The manic group was characterized by the following six major defense codings: (1) the infant is able to walk or run, (2) the mother is a rigid, inanimate being, (3) the mother is veiled or disguised, (4) the mother is protective or inviting, (5) the mother is seen as a male figure, and (6) colors are perceived in the colorless stimulus. Controls were more often coded for the denial of mother's actions (she enters the room, she opens a window, etc). The findings were discussed in the context of the pertinent percept-genetic and psychoanalytic literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Body-image dissatisfaction among American male and female college students: a computer-based graphical approach.

College students (56 women and 43 men) attending state colleges in the southwestern United States were tested for body-image dissatisfaction using a computer-based graphical body-image task. A reliable relationship between desired stature and desired body-image was observed for the women. Women of large stature showed a greater discrepancy between verbally reported desired stature and redrawn images of desired stature than women of average or smaller than average stature. No reliable discrepancy between desired body-image and verbally reported desired stature was shown by the men.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Parents' and children's expectations about Irlen (tinted) lenses.

Additional unpublished data are presented from a study by Cotton and Evans in 1990 on the use of Irlen (tinted) lenses as an intervention for 22 children with a reading disability. These data reinforce the earlier conclusion that the random facilitatory effects of the lenses are very likely attributional and motivational in nature.

Attitude↗
PubMed1994

Irlen filters and reading strategies: effect of coloured filters on reading achievement, specific reading strategies, and perception of ability.

The effect of tinted nonoptical (Irlen) lenses was investigated with 29 lens-using subjects and a control group of 31 subjects. Assessment of reading four months after the initial screening showed a significant improvement in reading rate and comprehension but not in accuracy. A significant decrease in the number of pauses while reading was also noted for the lens users as well as increases in correlation between word repetition and reading rate and accuracy. The lens users also showed significantly improved scores on a scale of attitude towards school tasks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Body image and social attitude in growth-hormone-deficient adults.

This study was done to evaluate the perception of body image and psychosocial attitudes in a sample of 8 male adult subjects with growth-hormone deficit before and after six months of therapy. Before treatment the subjects tended to underestimate body size and were characterized by low self-esteem, a closed attitude towards social relationships, a pessimistic attitude with a tendency towards depression, and a strong sense of detachment from the outside world. After the treatment, even if the subjects continued to underestimate body size, we observed an improvement in terms of emotional control and well-being, accompanied by lower scores on anxiety. An integration of a psychological support in the GH therapy could help the patients to overcome problems of bodily and social acceptance.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Body-size estimation in anorexia nervosa.

The aim was to explore the body-image perception of a group of 20 hospitalised anorexic patients, aged 18 to 21 years, undergoing a period of treatment. The instrument used was the Askevold nonverbal perception test as modified by Allamani and colleagues in 1978 to assess perception of the dimensions of different parts of the body by exploiting the capacity to project them into space. The four parts were the head, the thoracic area, the abdominal area, and the pelvic area. Analysis of responses indicated that anorexic patients overestimated the abdominal and pelvic areas much more than the 20 members of the control group (50% vs 30%). The areas of the head and thorax were perceived almost in their real dimensions by the anorexic patients but were underestimated by the control group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Salience of central figure in the Ebbinghaus illusion: the Oreo cookie effect.

The Ebbinghaus illusion was used to study size estimation as influenced by salient features of the central figure. Two groups of fourth graders, 9 boys and 11 girls, and two groups of seventh graders, 9 boys and 9 girls, judged the size of two central figures (an Oreo cookie or a black cardboard disc) with small and large black cardboard disc inducers. Responding showed the Oreo cookie was consistently perceived as larger than the cardboard disc when surrounded by the large inducing figures. The results are discussed in terms of an interaction between the geometric properties and salience of the central figure with the surrounds. This Oreo effect is not predicted by a strict version of the token-value hypothesis and differs from explanations based on contrast and conceptual similarity.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1998

Modifications of body-image induced by virtual reality.

In contrast to the great number of publications on body image, only a few papers have focused on the treatment of a disturbed body image. In general, two direct and specific approaches are usually used, a cognitive/behavioural therapy to influence patient's feelings of dissatisfaction and a visuomotor therapy with the aim of influencing bodily awareness. The aim of this study was both to develop a virtual reality environment integrating the two approaches and to test its efficacy on a nonclinical sample of 24 women. Before and after a 10-min. virtual experience all the subjects made ratings on the Figure Rating Scale and the Contour Drawing Rating Scale. Analysis showed a significant reduction in body dissatisfaction without any major side effect.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Body-size estimation by obese subjects.

The present aim was to explore the body-image perception of a group of 60 hospitalized obese subjects, aged between 25 and 50 years, undergoing a weight loss treatment and 60 normal-weight persons. The 1978 modified version of the Askevold perception test by Allamani, Marasco, Michele, and Morandi was given. This nonverbal test is aimed at evaluating subjects' perception of the dimensions of different parts of the body by exploiting their projection into space. Each body area (head, the thoracic area, the abdominal area, and the pelvic area) perceived by a subject was calculated using a specifically designed software program (AREA.BASIC2); the same program was used to calculate actual body area. After obtaining the percentage deviation index for each individual [(perceived area/real area) x 100], mean values were analyzed. Obese subjects significantly underestimated the four body areas, unlike the normal weight subject who largely overestimated the abdominal and pelvic areas.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Analysis of the deformation of the useful visual field: a comment on Rantanen (2003).

In the study of variables which may affect peripheral visual perception are several ways of assessing deterioration of this perception. One is evaluation of deformation of the useful visual field. Two techniques of analysis have been considered, by calculation of deformation indices, as proposed by Rantanen in 2003 and by carrying out an elliptical interpolation from the location within the visual field of signals perceived by a subject. This latter means, proposed by Rogé in 2002, enables description of whole field with the aid of two parameters. Comparison of the two techniques clarifies their advantages and disadvantages.

Adolescent↗