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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

A model of organizational power: analysis and significance to nursing.

In this article a causal model of the process of interorganizational power is presented with results of one test using survey data from 39 non-nursing organizations. The model argues that interaction strategies of organizations are outcomes of the relative basis and use of resources in interorganizational transactions. Multiple regression and multiple-partial correlation analyses were used to analyze the data. The findings partially support the model and indicate that it holds promise for development and refinement. Conclusions are that the model should be tested with nursing organizations and used to conceptualize additional aspects of the power process that nursing can foster.

Models, Theoretical↗
PubMed1986

Targeting the adolescent male.

The National Urban League regards too early parenting among adolescents as an issue requiring high level, active attention from all segments of the Black community. Poverty, single parent households and adolescent pregnancies are not exclusively female problems. The role that males play has been missing from too many studies of these phenomena. In light of the fact that most sexual activity is male initiated, and most sexual behavior is male influenced, it becomes clear that there will be no resolution of the problem of teenage pregnancy without directing greater attention to the male. The issue of male responsibility is skirted too often due to parental pride on the part of mothers and fathers when their male children seek sexual relations with female partners. It is viewed as a sign that they are developing sexually within the norm. This is especially true, in many instances, in female headed households where the mother is concerned that she may not be providing her son with an adequate male role model. Sexual activity by female adolescents, however, is generally not condoned. This confusing double standard is further compounded by the disjointed fashion in which American society responds to adolescent sexuality on the whole. Although the home should be the focal point, many parents reluctantly admit an inability to communicate effectively about sex with their pre-adolescent children. Thus, the school, church, community and social agencies have all been enlisted in this task. The National Urban League's initiative in this area is expected to have significant impact on the course of adolescent sexuality and reproductive responsibility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Adolescent pregnancy: networking and the interdisciplinary approach.

The networking approach to providing needed services to pregnant and parenting teenagers has numerous merits. An historical overview of the formation of the Brooklyn Teen Pregnancy Network highlights service agency need for information and resource sharing, and improved client referral systems as key factors in the genesis of the Network. The borough-wide approach and its spread as an agency model throughout New York City's other boroughs and several other northeastern cities is also attributed to its positive client impact, including: improved family communication and cooperation; early prenatal care with its concomitant improved pregnancy outcomes; financial support for teens; continued teen education; and parenting skills development. Resource information is provided regarding networks operating in the Greater New York metropolitan area. A planned Eastern Regional network initiative is under development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

The voluntary community health movement in India: a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis.

There has been a prolific growth of voluntary organizations in India since independence in 1947. One of the major areas of this growth has been in the field of community health. The purpose of this article is to historically trace the voluntary movement in community health in India, analyze the current status, and predict future trends of voluntary efforts. A review of the literature in the form of a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis was the method of this study. Some of the key trends which emerged as the priority areas for progress and for strengthening voluntary organizations in the future were enhancing linkages between health and development; building upon collective force; greater utilization of participatory training; establishing egalitarian and effectual linkages for decision making at the international level; developing self-reliant community-based models; and the need for attaining holistic empowerment at individual, organizational, and community levels through "duty consciousness" as opposed to merely asking for rights.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1988

A survey of prescribing habits for high-estrogen oral contraceptives.

A simple survey was made of health-care providers to determine their attitudes toward oral contraceptives containing more than 50 mcg of estrogen. It was found that about two-thirds of respondents prescribe this group of medication, although few do so regularly. Their use seemed correlated with providers 40 years of age or older. Even members of an association of professionals interested in contraception frequently used these pills. Although this group of contraceptives is being phased out, it is felt that professionals should have ceased their use long ago.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Preliminary report of an identification mission for safe motherhood, Senegal: putting the M back in M.C.H.

The Government of Senegal, in keeping with the priority given to women and children in its health programs, requested the assistance of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) in identifying and executing a program to diminish maternal mortality in that country. A UNDP "Mission of Identification" was carried out in response to this initiative. The preliminary results of this mission confirm that the issue of maternal safety is of primary concern not only to the government but also to women in the Republic of Senegal. The methodology employed during this mission allowed the team of national and international experts to confirm the level of this concern and to identify four major potential areas of intervention. Quantitative goals for the program have been set and estimates for the efficacy of each of the intervention areas indicate that intervention through the timely provision of access to emergency surgical services and appropriate prenatal care will yield the largest reduction. The feasibility of providing interventions in each of the four areas was also addressed during the mission. This methodology will be applicable to other settings as Third World countries begin to address the problem of excessive maternal mortality.

Abortion, Illegal↗
PubMed1988

Vaccination strategies in developing countries.

By 1990 it is hoped that all of the world's infants will have access to immunization services and that these services will then continue indefinitely. The link between people and health services, including immunization, can only be forged and maintained by an effective system of delivery and support to all health workers. A careful choice of strategies for this delivery system and an understanding of local cultural attitudes and behaviour is vital if this link is to be effective. Health workers will have to be trained and then supported in the field by regular contact with their supervisors. They will also need continuous, reliable, predictable and adequate supplies of equipment, drugs, vaccines, fuel and money, including salaries. Immunization is cost effective as a health intervention, but an effective programme of immunization can contribute much more than just vaccines, if it is developed in the context of primary health care (PHC) as originally proposed in 1978 at the conference in Alma Ata.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1992

Changing patterns of adolescent sexual behavior: consequences for health and development.

Sexuality is a fundamental quality of human life, important for health, happiness, individual development, and indeed for the preservation of the human race. During the dynamic period of adolescence in which the passage from childhood to maturity takes place, sexuality takes on new dimensions; feelings become more intense, relationships become more complex, and the consequences of sexual behavior are radically altered. This not only affects the behavior of young people but also of those who interact with them, their families and peers, and those who work in the health, education, youth, social welfare, and other sectors. In the contemporary world the conditions of life for many young people have also changed, and with it patterns of sexual behavior. In general, earlier puberty, later marriage, a decline in the family leading to less control and more autonomy, and intense exposure to sexual stimuli via the mass media and travel across cultural boundaries have made pre-marital adolescent sexual activity more common. This has added to traditional problems of early marriage, newer problems of early pregnancy, childbirth, and induced abortion outside of marriage, sexually transmitted diseases, and human immunodeficiency syndrome infection leading to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. But the work of the World Health Organization (WHO), along with many others in the field, strongly suggests that given appropriate information and services, trust and equity between the sexes, young people will behave responsibly and well. In this paper some of the findings from methods developed by WHO for research, training, advocacy, and evaluation, and findings in relation to patterns and determinants of sexual and reproductive health and development will be described, and future directions suggested.

Adolescent↗