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PubMed1985

A simple nutrition screening procedure for hospital patients.

Nutrition screening is the process of identifying hospital patients with a high risk for nutrition problems who may require comprehensive nutrition assessment. Dietitians at a 700-bed teaching hospital recently implemented a nutrition screening program remarkable for efficient use of existing personnel resources. The three-step procedure includes a nutrition questionnaire completed by the patient in the hospital admissions office, measurement of each patient's height and weight by an admissions nurse, and addition of the patient's serum albumin concentration plus summary and recommendations for nutrition intervention by a registered dietitian. The procedure reduces the time needed for individual evaluation from 25 to 5 minutes and results in 1 1/2-hour time saving per day per clinical dietitian. Patients designated as "high risk" by this method appear to be more seriously ill, as shown by significantly longer hospitalization. The nutrition screening procedure described is simple, efficient, and applicable to a wide variety of institutional settings.

Admitting Department, Hospital↗
PubMed1977

[Sociocultural factors and nutrition (author's transl)].

A schematic review of some of the most significant sociocultural factors related to food intake throught life, either in developing or developed societies is presented. In both societies, sociocultural factors are of fundamental importance on the determination of feeding practices, thus its excess or deficit are of great relevance to physical growth, possibly mental development as well as on morbidty and mortality. In developing societies low social class and poor education are sinonimous of poor nutrition. However, if the whole population in developed societies are studied, it is proven once again that nutritional deficiencies do also exist among marginal groups of people, which are mainly produced by poor education, erroneous feeding practices, nutritional taboos during health and disease, byas and prejudices. It must follows that in these societies, relative large group of children are poorly fed during the critical periods of growth and development due to sociocultural factors. Only through the appropiate and enforced nutrition educational programs at all learning levels, primarw and higher education, as well as better and more complete nutritional curriculum at Medical and Public Health Schools could perhaps solve, the problem, or at least significant alleviated it. This is the hope.

Cultural Characteristics↗
PubMed2003

Underweight schoolchildren in a rural school near the Thai-Cambodian border.

We report on the high prevalence of underweight children in a rural primary school near the Thai-Cambodian border. Ninety-five children were studied: anthropometric data were recorded and studied for their correlation with semester examination scores; 63.2% of the children (60 cases) were underweight; in addition, BMI appeared to be significantly correlated to the semester examination scores. Our findings also revealed problems of nutrition and sanitation among the schoolchildren. In conclusion, schoolchildren in rural areas should be considered a priority in the national health and nutrition promotion programs.

Body Mass Index↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The methodology of quality control in parenteral nutrition. I. The application of a program in patient selection].

The establishing of indications for parenteral nutrition and the evaluation criteria for the nutritional state of patients used in selecting the candidates for parenteral nutrition are the two main pillars upon which the rationalization of nutritional therapy iv is based. This is an important aspect which conditions the quality of therapeutics. The aim of this study is to apply a quality control programme in the process of selecting candidates for parenteral nutrition. The programme was applied retrospectively to 148 patients. The following parameters were evaluated as quality indicators, based on criteria and standards: "Indications", "Clinical Justification", "Evaluation of the Nutritional State at the commencement of PN", and "Administration of Albumin". The degree of compliance obtained for each of these indicators (100; 87.4; 88.0 and 93.9% respectively) showed no statistically significant difference from the previous standards (100, 80, 80 and 100 respectively). The quality control results obtained have permitted us to select the right candidate for PN, and is a useful tool for improving this therapy through the establishing of new objectives.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome by maternal nutritional imbalance: how strong is the evidence from experimental models in mammals?

The incidence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of abnormalities focusing on insulin resistance and associated with high risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is reaching epidemic proportions. Prevalent in both developed and developing countries, the metabolic syndrome has largely been attributed to altered dietary and lifestyle factors that favour the development of central obesity. However, population-based studies have suggested that predisposition to the metabolic syndrome may be acquired very early in development through inappropriate fetal or neonatal nutrition. Further evidence for developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome has now been suggested by animal studies in which the fetal environment has been manipulated through altered maternal dietary intake or modification of uterine artery blood flow. This review examines these studies and assesses whether the metabolic syndrome can be reliably induced by the interventions made. The validity of the different species, diets, feeding regimes and end-point measures used is also discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Nutritional assessment in the community hospital.

Innovative technics in the recognition and treatment of malnutrition in hospitalized patients have blossomed in the past decade. A comprehensive nutritional assessment program available in larger institutions has been adapted for use in a community hospital. The procedure of nutritional assessment and its interpretation as employed in 50 hospitalized patients is presented, and therapeutic implications of the assessment are summarized.

Female↗
PubMed2005

Development, adaptation, and implementation of a cardiovascular health program for Alaska native women.

Southcentral Foundation's Traditions of the Heart program is an innovative cardiovascular disease prevention program for women designed to build on the strengths of the Alaska Native culture as a way to support and encourage positive lifestyle behaviors that focus on healthy eating, active living, stress management, and tobacco cessation. After conducting assessments of existing intervention programs and formative data collection, we adapted two existing programs, Native Nutrition Circles and A New Leaf... Choices for Healthy Living, to develop the Traditions of the Heart program. We implemented and evaluated a pilot intervention study to determine the program's acceptance among Alaska Native women. We used the evaluation results to further refine our study protocol. This article describes the adaptation of these programs to the cultural needs and strengths of Alaska Native women and the results of the formative evaluation used to improve the program design. The complete pilot study outcomes will be published separately.

Alaska↗
PubMed2001

Maternal undernutrition during early to midgestation programs tissue-specific alterations in the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor, 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase isoforms, and type 1 angiotensin ii receptor in neonatal sheep.

We have investigated the effects of maternal nutrient restriction in the sheep during the period of rapid placental growth (i.e. 28-77 days gestation; term = 147 days) on feto-placental growth and expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), types 1 and 2 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11betaHSD1, 11betaHSD2), and types 1 and 2 angiotensin II receptor (AT1, AT2) in fetal and neonatal offspring. Ewes (n = 63) of similar age, body weight, and body composition were randomly allocated to a nutrient-restricted (NR) group in which they consumed 3.2 MJ/day metabolizable energy (ME; equivalent to 50% of predicted requirements) or to a control group in which they consumed 6.7 MJ/day ME (equivalent to 110% of predicted requirements). After 77 days gestation, ewes from both dietary groups consumed close to 100% of ME requirements up to term. Newborn offspring of NR ewes were of similar body weight, but had increased crown-rump length, greater placental weight, and increased placental/body weight ratio (P < 0.01) compared with controls. Their kidneys were heavier (P < 0.05), but shorter in length, with increased ratios of transverse width to length (P < 0.001). GR messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in neonatal offspring from NR ewes was increased in adrenal, kidney, liver, lung, and perirenal adipose tissue (P < 0.01). Conversely, 11betaHSD1 mRNA expression was unaffected, except in perirenal adipose tissue, where it was higher in lambs born to NR ewes (P < 0.01). 11betaHSD2 mRNA expression was decreased in adrenals and kidney (P < 0.001). Maternal NR also resulted in significantly increased AT1 expression in those tissues in which expression of GR was increased and/or 11betaHSD2 was decreased, i.e. adrenals, kidney, liver, and lung. AT2 expression was unaffected by maternal NR. Although 11betaHSD2 mRNA was undetectable in term placenta, it was abundant in midgestation placenta and was lower after maternal NR (P < 0.001). There was close agreement between levels of 11betaHSD enzyme (i.e. 11beta-dehydrogenase and 11-oxoreductase) activities and abundance of 11betaHSD1 mRNA and 11betaHSD2 mRNA expression. The persistence of tissue-specific increases in the expression of GR, 11betaHSD1 and AT1 and decreases in the expression of 11betaHSD2 in adrenals and kidney in newborn offspring in response to a defined period of maternal nutrient restriction during early to midgestation suggests that gene expression has been programmed by nutrient availability to the fetus before birth. These data suggest key potential mechanisms by which maternal nutrition prenatally programs physiological pathways, such as the renin-angiotensin system, in the offspring that may lead to raised blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease risk factors in later life.

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases↗