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PubMed2002

Access control administration in healthcare applications.

The interconnection of information systems of different parties involved in healthcare applications leads to the need for information sharing across large-scale and highly distributed database systems. Applying appropriate access control policies in an effective and flexible way is a specific task for a number of local security officers that must operate according to a high-level access control administration system. The particular security requirements of healthcare information systems are reflected to the access control system, which must be flexible and dynamically adaptable to the daily activities. Decentralizing access control administration can be achieved in a uniform and consistent way when applying appropriate administrative rules and constraints. In this paper are presented the basic features of an access control administration model for interconnected information systems, as in the healthcare environment.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2002

A new method for matching a document to potential users' information needs.

This paper explores approach to finding out how the information needs that a document can address can be captured. This is important in order to improve indexing strategies applied to document collections. We propose and implemented a cognitive science approach, the "jeopardy game" method of evaluation combined with "think aloud" analysis. The results of the demonstration study are presented and discussed. Some possible improvements to the method for matching a document to potential users' information needs are identified.

Information Storage and Retrieval↗
PubMed2002

Intelligent healthcare information assistant: towards agent-based healthcare knowledge management.

Initiatives in healthcare knowledge management have provided some interesting solutions for the implementation of large-scale information repositories vis-à-vis the implementation of Healthcare Enterprise Memories (HEM). In this paper, we present an agent-based Intelligent Healthcare Information Assistant (IHIA) for dynamic information gathering, filtering and adaptation from a HEM comprising an amalgamation of (i) databases storing empirical knowledge, (ii) case-bases storing experiential knowledge, (iii) scenario-bases storing tacit knowledge and (iv) document-bases storing explicit knowledge. The featured work leverages intelligent agents and medical ontologies for autonomous HEM-wide navigation, approximate content matching, inter- and intra-repositories content correlation and information adaptation to meet the user's information request. We anticipate that the use of IHIA will empower healthcare stakeholders to actively communicate with an 'information/knowledge-rich' HEM and will be able to retrieve with ease 'useful' task-specific information via the presentation of cognitively intuitive queries.

Internet↗
PubMed2004

EvoCare: a new standard in tele-therapy.

The necessity for Integrated Care has been debated controversially and the influence of the legislator and the consequences for the medical device industry discussed sufficiently. In fact, the German health system has been suffering from a lot of problems like cost expansions, but only solutions and not discussions can bring a progress. EvoCare has established a new standard in tele-therapy in Germany. This has been possible because this system maps the clinical therapy process to tele-therapy (and not vice versa), it is extendable for virtually any medical field of application, and the user interface is kept so simple that people inexperienced with computers and even with motor deficits are able to use it. Accompanying the patients from the hospital to their homes, EvoCare allows for shorter hospital stays without loss in treatment quality and more intense training without increasing therapists' average work time per patient. The experiences that have already been made with the described system, especially in the area of neurological rehabilitation and orthopedic prevention, underline its advantages for all involved partners.

Comprehensive Health Care↗
PubMed2005

Tracking the domain: the medical modeling and simulation database.

To foster awareness of the magnitude and breadth of activity and to foster collaboration among the participants, the National Center for Collaboration in Medical Modeling and Simulation (NCCMMS) has created the Medical Modeling and Simulation Database (MMSD). The MMSD consists of two web-based, searchable compilations: one, the Research Database, that contains bibliographic information on published articles and abstracts (where available) and a second, the Companies and Projects Database, that maintains contact information for research centers, development and application programs, journals and conferences. NCCMMS is developing the MMSD to increase awareness of the breadth of the medical modeling domain and to provide a means of fostering collaboration and bringing like-minded organizations and researchers into more frequent contact with each other, thus speeding advancement of medical modeling and simulation.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1992

The future of computers in clinical dentistry.

It is essential that computer manufacturers and system developers increase their cooperative efforts to establish and maintain standards. Individual, stand-alone systems will not survive, and error-prone integration will prevent progress. File formats--whether graphics or text based--must be completely and seamlessly integrated between users. This has not occurred in other aspects of computer application. Can we expect it to in dentistry? We must. The profession will only reap the true benefits of computerized practice if CDA, ADA, the insurance carriers, manufacturers and developers are willing to sit together and agree to cooperative efforts. Such cooperation is imperative. While initially altruistic, it will be commercially essential in the long run. For many applications, the ability of a computer-based system to quantify information adds a new level to diagnosis. Coupled with this diagnosis support knowledge bases will provide dentists with added sophistication and expanded competence in diagnosis and treatment. It is reasonable to assume that the patient's relevant medical data--medications, status of principal organ systems, etc.--may also be made available electronically. Practice performance data, the legality of entries, and the compilation of and access to national data bases must all respect the patients' and dentists' rights and privacy, while serving society's health care needs. There are some very large issues ahead. Developing the hardware is the easy part.The software is more complex and, as it is specifically designed for dentists, more expensive. The profession is too small to share these costs over the available customer base--limiting the number of vendors that can survive.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Computers↗
PubMed2005

Healthons: errorless healthcare with bionic hugs and no need for quality control.

Errorless, invisible, continuous and infrastructure-free healthcare should become our goal. In order to achieve that goal, we need to rapidly move from current episodic and emergency-driven "healthcare delivery system" to an intelligent and extelligent health environment. That requires introduction of distributed affective Intelligent Caring Creatures (ICCs) consisting of healthons. Healthons are tools combining prevention with diagnosis and treatment based on continuous monitoring and analyzing of vital signs and biochemistry. Unlike humans, who posses only two or three dimensions of thinking, healthons can assure errorless health because of their adaptability, flexibility, and multidimensional reasoning capability. ICCs can do "the right thing" based on (1) state-of-art medical knowledge, (2) data about emotional, physiological, and genetic state of a consumer and (3) moral values of a consumer. The transition to the intelligent health environment based on ICCs requires the solutions to many currently unsolved healthcare problems. This paper lists the unsolved problems (by analogy to mathematical unsolved problems list) and explains why errorless healthcare with bionic hugs and no need for quality control is possible.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2006

Bioinformatics and its impact on clinical research methods. Findings from the Section on Bioinformatics.

OBJECTIVES: To summarize current excellent research in the field of bioinformatics. METHOD: Synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA Yearbook 2006. RESULTS: Current research in the field of bioinformatics clearly shows ongoing unification of experimental findings and clinical outcomes. Microarray data, gene sequences and clinical data are more and more perceived as different but related facets of one entity. Significant work is done in the area of text and data mining in order to bring together patient data and biochemical phenomena by means of ontologies. A strong trend in the clinical field is performance of exhaustive studies on DNA material derived from patients that suffer from diseases that are already known to be inherited. Examination of appropriate methods covers data and text mining, ontologies as well as machine learning and classification. CONCLUSIONS: The best paper selection of articles on bioinformatics shows examples of excellent research on methods used for studying inherited diseases and their underlying genetic dispositions. Clinical studies, inclusion of experimental findings like microarray data, and of knowledge representation formats all lead to a better understanding the linkage between gene sequences, biological functions and clinical findings in the form of healthy state or physiological disorders.

Awards and Prizes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Exploitation of statistical tables: conceptual interaction with epidemiologic data.

Health-care applications need flexible data and interaction models capable of dealing with data of different natures coming from different sources. These applications are usually devoted to diverse user groups, often casual or novice. The user interface must help the user to understand the database information content in his or her querying process. The authors synthetically describe FLN, a system featuring an integrated interaction with epidemiologic data. In an integrated model the statistical aspects of data (macro data) are represented, together with the intensional and extensional views of the variables involved in statistical tables.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1990

[Computers in psychiatry].

The author provides information on a discussion of "Computers in psychiatry" at a nation--wide gathering of psychiatrists. He deals of computers in psychiatry and submits suggestions ensuing from the discussion.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1987

Public access computing in health science libraries.

Public access computing in health science libraries began with online computer-assisted instruction. Library-based collections and services have expanded with advances in microcomputing hardware and software. This growth presents problems: copyright, quality, instability in the publishing industry, and uncertainty about collection scope; librarians managing the new services require new skills to support their collections. Many find the cooperative efforts of several organizational units are required. Current trends in technology for the purpose of information management indicate that these services will continue to be a significant focus for libraries.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗