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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Photo-CIDNP 13C magic angle spinning NMR on bacterial reaction centres: exploring the electronic structure of the special pair and its surroundings.

Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarisation (photo-CIDNP) in intact bacterial reaction centres has been observed by 13C-solid state NMR under continuous illumination with white light. Strong intensity enhancement of 13C NMR signals of the aromatic rings allows probing the electronic ground state of the two BChl cofactors of the special pair at the molecular scale with atomic selectivity. Differences between the two BChl cofactors are discussed. Several aliphatic 13C atoms of cofactors, as well as 13C atoms of the imidazole ring of histidine residue(s), show nuclear-spin polarisation to the same extent as the aromatic nuclei of the cofactors. Mechanisms and applications of polarisation transfer are discussed.

Carbon Isotopes↗
PubMed2004

COX-2 inhibition in cancer therapeutics: a field of controversy or a magic bullet?

Carcinogenesis is a multistep process of long-term accumulation of genetic and epigenetic aberrations at the molecular level. Understanding the mechanisms underlying carcinogenesis could further provide insights for rationally designed new therapeutic strategies for cancer prevention and treatment. Epidemiological and experimental evidence supports the preventative effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) regarding cancer development. NSAIDs inhibit cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, thus blocking the endogenous prostaglandin production. COX-2 is a key isoenzyme in this biochemical cascade and is inducible by various oncogenic stimuli. A large volume of research data has shown that COX-2 is often upregulated in many malignant tumours, rendering it an attractive candidate target for cancer therapeutics. Various possible direct mechanisms for COX-2 implication in carcinogenesis have been suggested, whilst intense interest has recently been focused on COX-2-independent effects of NSAIDs. Several COX-2-selective inhibitors are currently under evaluation in preclinical and clinical studies, either as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapy, radiotherapy and other new molecularly-targeted compounds, with promising results. This article critically reviews already published data on COX-2-selective inhibitors that have been tested in cancer clinical trials, highlights ongoing research and considers the future perspectives of this novel class of agents.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

The long-awaited magic bullets: therapeutic human monoclonal antibodies from transgenic mice.

The ability to produce a diverse repertoire of fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) may have significant applications to human therapy. This update describes the creation of a novel tool for the production of therapeutic human mAbs: a mouse strain engineered to produce a large range of human antibodies in the absence of mouse antibodies. This strain, XenoMouse, has been generated by the introduction of large segments of human immunoglobulin loci, containing the majority of the human antibody gene repertoire, into mice deficient in mouse antibody production. The mice produce a diverse array of authentic fully human IgGkappa antibodies. Upon immunisation with multiple human antigens the mice generate large panels of high affinity, antigen-specific fully human mAbs with therapeutic activities. XenoMouse-derived hybridomas were shown to be stable, producing significant levels of human mAbs. XenoMouse technology represents an efficient and reliable tool for the production of therapeutic human mAbs, which can accelerate the evaluation and validation of antibody therapy in human disease.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

A medical economic fairy tale: Jack, the magic beans, Medicare and the US FDA.

The US Medicare programme, through its new Part D programme, now offers limited coverage for prescription medicines. The coverage is provided via a variety of drug plans and their respective formularies. The federal regulatory scheme generally requires that the formularies contain drugs representative of the various therapeutic classes. On the other hand, the federal government has generally refrained from making specific decisions that specific drug entities are the most cost effective and therefore must be included in the formularies. With the dawn of Medicare Part D in the US, the federal government will be increasingly involved in supporting the cost of medicines, and will need to confront this challenge in the face of tight overall economic constraints on the federal budget. Any spending on medications of questionable efficacy will inevitably compromise the ability to deliver more cost-effective healthcare measures. Laxity in the approval process for ineffective drugs may therefore result in lack of funds to support acquisition of more useful medicines for the elderly.

Drug Prescriptions↗
PubMed2006

Estimating costs and benefits of advanced control for wastewater treatment plants--the MAgIC methodology.

This paper discusses a methodology to estimate the costs and benefits of advanced control for wastewater treatment plants. The methodology has been applied to four wastewater treatment plants, representing four standard types of plants built in Flanders, Belgium. The paper outlines the methodology and illustrated results from one of the four design cases. General results are shown and contrasted with full-scale experience. The methodology appears to give realistic results and will be used for further refinement of default control algorithms for certain types of plants. A preliminary analysis indicates that on-line control can become cost-effective for plant sizes above 50,000 population equivalents.

Automation↗