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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

A mouth opening index for patients with temporomandibular disorders.

Limitation of mouth opening is an important sign of temporomandibular disorders. It is usually measured linearly from the incisal edge of the maxillary incisors to the incisal edge of the mandibular incisors. This measurement has been queried. A new measure of mouth opening, the opening index is suggested. It was shown that the mean opening index differs for groups of patients with a myogenous or arthrogenous temporomandibular joint problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Incisal and condylar paths during habitual mouth opening movement of children with anterior reverse bite in the primary dentition.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the path of habitual mouth opening was influenced by anterior reverse bite malocclusion in children. Two groups of children with the primary dentition were chosen: (i) 10 children with anterior reverse bite (reverse bite group) and (ii) 10 with normal occlusion (normal occlusion group). Their habitual mouth opening movements were measured by an opto-electronic movement-analysing system with 6 d.f. at a sampling rate of 100 Hz. These movements were projected on the sagittal plane at the incisal and condylar points. To characterize the path, we used the angles between the path and the horizontal plane. In the initial stage of opening, the incisal path of the reverse bite group was displaced more posteriorly from the intercuspal position than that of the normal occlusion group. However, as opening continued, the direction of the path of the reverse bite group was more anterior than those of the normal occlusion group. During the entire opening movement, the condylar path of the reverse bite group was flatter than those of the normal occlusion group. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that anterior reverse bite in the primary dentition clearly affects the paths of habitual opening movements.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1994

RGD sequence of foot-and-mouth disease virus is essential for infecting cells via the natural receptor but can be bypassed by an antibody-dependent enhancement pathway.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus appears to initiate infection by binding to cells at an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence found in the flexible beta G-beta H loop of the viral capsid protein VP1. The role of the RGD sequence in attachment of virus to cells was tested by using synthetic full-length viral RNAs mutated within or near the RGD sequence. Baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells transfected with three different RNAs carrying mutations bordering the RGD sequence produced infectious viruses with wild-type plaque morphology; however, one of these mutant viruses bound to cells less efficiently than wild type. BHK cells transfected with RNAs containing changes within the RGD sequence produced noninfectious particles indistinguishable from wild-type virus in terms of sedimentation coefficient, binding to monoclonal antibodies, and protein composition. These virus-like particles are defined as ads- viruses, since they were unable to adsorb to and infect BHK cells. These mutants were defective only in cell binding, since antibody-complexed ads- viruses were able to infect Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing an immunoglobulin Fc receptor. These results confirm the essential role of the RGD sequence in binding of foot-and-mouth disease virus to susceptible cells and demonstrate that the natural cellular receptor for the virus serves only to bind virus to the cell.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1999

Solution structure of a retro-inverso peptide analogue mimicking the foot-and-mouth disease virus major antigenic site. Structural basis for its antigenic cross-reactivity with the parent peptide.

The antigenic activity of a 19-mer peptide corresponding to the major antigenic region of foot-and-mouth disease virus and its retro-enantiomeric analogue was found to be completely abolished when they were tested in a biosensor system in trifluoroethanol. This suggests that the folding pattern, which is alpha-helix in trifluoroethanol (confirmed by CD measurement), does not correspond to the biologically relevant conformation(s) recognized by antibodies. The NMR structures of both peptides were thus determined in aqueous solution. These studies showed that the two peptides exhibit similar folding features, particularly in their C termini. This may explain in part the cross-reactive properties of the two peptides in aqueous solution. However, the retro-inverso analogue appears to be more rigid than the parent peptide and contains five atypical beta-turns. This feature may explain why retro-inverso foot-and-mouth disease virus peptides are often better recognized than the parent peptide by anti-virion antibodies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Lanthanides potentiate TRPC5 currents by an action at extracellular sites close to the pore mouth.

Mammalian members of the classical transient receptor potential channel (TRPC) subfamily (TRPC1-7) are Ca(2+)-permeable cation channels involved in receptor-mediated increases in intracellular Ca(2+). Unlike most other TRP-related channels, which are inhibited by La(3+) and Gd(3+), currents through TRPC4 and TRPC5 are potentiated by La(3+). Because these differential effects of lanthanides on TRPC subtypes may be useful for clarifying the role of different TRPCs in native tissues, we characterized the potentiating effect in detail and localized the molecular determinants of potentiation by mutagenesis. Whole cell currents through TRPC5 were reversibly potentiated by micromolar concentrations of La(3+) or Gd(3+), whereas millimolar concentrations were inhibitory. By comparison, TRPC6 was blocked to a similar extent by La(3+) or Gd(3+) at micromolar concentrations and showed no potentiation. Dual effects of lanthanides on TRPC5 were also observed in outside-out patches. Even at micromolar concentrations, the single channel conductance was reduced by La(3+), but reduction in conductance was accompanied by a dramatic increase in channel open probability, leading to larger integral currents. Neutralization of the negatively charged amino acids Glu(543) and Glu(595)/Glu(598), situated close to the extracellular mouth of the channel pore, resulted in a loss of potentiation, and, for Glu(595)/Glu(598) in a modification of channel inhibition. We conclude that in the micromolar range, the lanthanide ions La(3+) and Gd(3+) have opposite effects on whole cell currents through TRPC5 and TRPC6 channels. The potentiation of TRPC4 and TRPC5 by micromolar La(3+) at extracellular sites close to the pore mouth is a promising tool for identifying the involvement of these isoforms in receptor-operated cation conductances of native cells.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Maximum tolerable dose of red pepper decreases fat intake independently of spicy sensation in the mouth.

Dietary red pepper suppresses energy intake and modifies macronutrient intake. We have investigated whether a stimulus in the mouth and the sensation of spiciness are necessary for red pepper-induced changes in energy and macronutrient intake in human volunteers. In a preliminary test, sixteen Japanese male volunteers tasted samples of a soup with graded doses of red pepper in order to define a moderate and a maximum tolerable (strong) dose of red pepper. On the day of the experiment, a standardised breakfast was given to the volunteers. At lunchtime, the subjects ingested one of four experimental soups containing either a placebo, a moderate or a strong dose of red pepper plus placebo capsules, or a placebo soup plus capsules delivering a strong dose of red pepper. The rest of the meal was given ad libitum to all subjects. The amount of food, protein and carbohydrate ingested was similar for all conditions. Energy and fat intake were similar after the ingestion of the moderate soup compared with placebo. However, the strong soup significantly lowered fat intake compared with placebo (P=0.043), and ingestion of strong capsules also tended to suppress it (P=0.080). Moreover, energy intake after strong soup and capsules tended to be lower than placebo (P=0.089 and 0.076, respectively). The present results indicate that the maximum tolerable dose is necessary to have a suppressive effect of red pepper on fat intake. The main site of the action of red pepper is not in the mouth.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Application of subjective methods to the determination of the likelihood and consequences of the entry of foot-and-mouth disease into New Zealand.

New Zealand has a history of continuous freedom from foot-and-mouth disease and relies on a two-tier system of surveillance to maintain this status. The first involves border control procedures and stringent importation standards, and the second is an exotic disease and pest response programme. As part of an economic evaluation comparing the exotic disease and pest response programme against a hypothetical lower grade ;measured response programme subjective judgements of the risks involved were required. Twenty-eight selected animal health professionals, predominantly veterinarians, were posted a questionnaire that used three techniques (single point estimates, three point estimates and elicitation methods) to determine the risk components in a foot-and-mouth disease outbreak. The two key variables were the probability of an outbreak in New Zealand, and the number of secondary properties to which the disease spread during the epidemic. A Delphi conference of ten selected participants then focused mainly on the two key variables, with a second round postal extension to this group for the first variable. The individual data sets were then analysed and combined using a stochastic simulation technique. The final mean probability of an outbreak was about once in 50 years (0.0199). The mean numbers of farms to which disease would spread during an epidemic under the existing exotic disease and pest response programme, a measured response programme which allowed vaccination and a measured response programme which excluded vaccination were estimated to be 61, 478 and 2230 respectively. The policy implications arising from the quantification of these two key variables are that more expenditure on preparedness is justifiable and current resource planning is barely adequate.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1997

A case of "watery mouth" in a New Zealand Romney lamb.

Watery mouth was diagnosed as the cause of illness and subsequent death in a 3-day-old Romney lamb which had not received early colostrum. The history, clinical signs and post-mortem findings were typical of the disease as seen in other countries, including Great Britain. The diagnosis was based on the clinical signs and was supported by an absence of post-mortem findings of other specific neonatal diseases. The potential importance of watery mouth under conditions of intensive husbandry in New Zealand is discussed.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Metabolic fate of delmopinol in man after mouth rinsing and after oral administration.

1. The metabolism of delmopinol, an inhibitor of plaque formation and gingivitis. has been studied after mouth rinsing or an oral dose of 14C-delmopinol to healthy male volunteers. The metabolite pattern was studied in urine and plasma samples (unhydrolysed or hydrolysed with conjugate cleaving enzymes) by liquid chromatography (LC) with radio detection. Metabolite identifications were carried out by gas chromatography-electron-impact mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by liquid chromatography-thermospray mass spectrometry (LC-MS). 2. The metabolic clearance of delmopinol was high, and < 0.2% of the dose was excreted as intact delmopinol in the urine. The main metabolites were, for both administration routes, glucuronide conjugates of delmopinol and of (omega-1-hydroxy) delmopinol. These metabolites were predominant and accounted for nearly the entire urinary radioactivity and most of the plasma radioactivity. After mouth rinsing, parent delmopinol was also one of the main compounds in plasma. 3. Several other products of oxidation of the aliphatic side-chain were present in minor amounts in urine. These metabolites also appeared to be excreted as glucuronic acid conjugates. 4. Glucuronidated (omega-1-hydroxy) delmopinol separated into three peaks by the LC system used. This could be due to different chromatographic properties of conjugate isomers, positional or optical.

Carbon Radioisotopes↗
PubMed2001

Translation and rotation of the mandible during habitual mouth opening movement in children with anterior reverse bite in the primary dentition.

Translation and rotation of the mandible during habitual mouth opening movements were studied in 13 children with skeletal-based anterior reverse bite (reverse bite group) and in 13 children with normal occlusion (normal occlusion group) whose dental stage was the primary dentition. Movements were recorded by an opto-electronic movement-analyzing system that could measure mandibular movements with six degrees of freedom. Inferior translation of the mandible was analyzed at the left primary central incisor, both of the primary canines, and both of the primary second molars. Anterior translation of the mandible was analyzed at both of the condyles. Rotation of the mandible was measured in the sagittal plane. The results showed that the associations between the translation and rotation of the mandible during habitual mouth opening in the reverse bite group differed from those in the normal occlusion group. The reverse bite group had greater anterior translation of both of the condylar points than did the normal occlusion group. No significant differences were found in the inferior translation or rotation of the mandible between the two groups.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1983

Effects of level of dietary intake and physical form of protein supplement on the digestibilities of different dietary carbohydrates between mouth and abomasum of young steers.

Steers fitted with simple rumen and abomasal cannulas were given isoenergetic diets of rolled barley and chopped straw, pelleted together with some tapioca alone (B) or with some tapioca replaced by coarse soyabean meal (M) or finely ground soyabean flour (F). The diets were given at two levels to support 0.5 (L) and 1.0 (H) kg/d live weight gain. Chromic oxide and PEG were given as digesta flow markers. Mouth to abomasum digestibilities of different dietary sugars at the low level of intake (LB) were 0.65, 0.68, 0.59, 0.56 and 0.94 for arabinose, galactose, xylose, cellulose-glucose and starch-glucose respectively. Corresponding values at the higher level of intake (HB) were 0.55, 0.66, 0.55, 0.44 and 0.93 respectively. Supplementation with either soya bean meal or flour had no significant effects on the mouth to abomasum of dietary carbohydrate digestibilities at either level of feeding.

Abomasum↗
PubMed2002

Correlation between facial morphology, mouth opening ability, and condylar movement during opening-closing jaw movements in female adults with normal occlusion.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parameters of facial morphology, maximal voluntary mouth opening ability, and condylar movements in 21 adult females, aged between 20 and 24 years. The subjects had a normal occlusion without sign or symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction. Mandibular movements were recorded using an opto-electric jaw movement recording system with six degrees of freedom under a series of maximal mouth opening-closing movements. Maximal jaw opening and coincident condylar movement were measured three-dimensionally. The mean values of the incisor and condylar path were 41.1 +/- 3.5 mm (range 35.6-50.9 mm) and 12.8 +/- 2.8 mm (range 8.1-19.2 mm), respectively. Although the positive correlation between maximal jaw opening and facial morphology was significant, none of the variables significantly differed between the value of the condylar path and facial morphology. The length of the path of maximum incisor movement and the condylar path during mandibular movement also did not correlate. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated a positive association between the maximal length of the incisor path and the cephalometric value of mandibular ramus inclination (R2 value was 0.369). The results of this study suggest that facial morphology size has a limited effect on maximal voluntary mandibular opening and condylar movements in normal adult female subjects.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Dry eyes and mouth syndrome--a subgroup of patients presenting with sicca symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the characteristics of patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) but failing to satisfy diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Clinical, serological and histological data were collected on 34 patients presenting with dry eyes and/or mouth who did not satisfy the Vitali criteria for the diagnosis of SS. They were compared with 136 patients with primary SS, 38 patients with secondary SS, and 13 patients without SS. Questionnaires on symptoms from each group were compared with 43 healthy controls. RESULTS: The 34 patients who did not satisfy the diagnostic criteria for SS or any other connective tissue disease were designated dry eyes and mouth syndrome (DEMS). Their demography including age was similar to that of a primary SS group and there was no more atrophy seen on their biopsies compared with SS and non-SS controls. They scored highly on visual analogue scales of symptoms but had few objective signs. All were negative for anti-Ro and anti-La although the prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (19%) was increased compared with a normal population. There was no excess of SS-associated tissue types. CONCLUSION: There was no evidence that age, salivary gland atrophy or subclinical SS accounted for the symptoms in DEMS. Most of the patients fitted into a spectrum of disease which tended more towards fibromyalgia and/or chronic fatigue syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The PRO-SELF Mouth Aware program: an effective approach for reducing chemotherapy-induced mucositis.

Many oncology patients receive chemotherapy drugs that have the potential to induce oral mucositis. If mucositis is not prevented, patients will have to manage the problems associated with mucositis: pain, local infection, and decreased ability to take fluids or food. At the time of this writing, clinical approaches for mucositis management are variable and generally ineffective. The mouth care program, PRO-SELF: Mouth Aware (PSMA), presented in this article, was found to be a significant component of a self-care program that may have reduced the incidence of chemotherapy-induced mucositis. The PSMA program has three dimensions: (a) didactic information, (b) development of self-care exercises (skills), and (c) supportive interactions with a nurse in the setting where the patients are receiving their treatment. This program focuses on decreasing the direct (i.e., incidence and severity of mucositis) and indirect morbidities of oral mucositis (i.e., number of local infections, level of discomfort/pain, and disruption in fluid and/or food intake). It provides the critical dimensions (i.e., specific information, self-care exercises, and nurse support) to promote the prevention of mucositis. The PSMA program is designed to provide patients with a definitive self-care repertoire to manage chemotherapy-induced mucositis in the home without the direct supervision of a health care provider.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed1999

Implant design considerations for the posterior regions of the mouth.

The posterior regions of the mouth sustain greater forces, yet often present poorer bone density. A biomechanical approach, often presented to decrease risk factors in such regions, is to increase implant surface area. Most manufacturers provide implants in various lengths. The longest implants are typically inserted into the anterior regions of the mouth, where forces of less magnitude and superior bone quality are present. A finite element analysis supports the hypothesis that implant length is a secondary parameter for stress distribution. A common approach is to enhance implant surface area in the posterior regions primarily by focusing on diameter. However, this increases surface area by only 30% for conventional thread designs despite the fact that forces increase by > 300% in the posterior regions. A change in implant diameter and thread design may increase surface area by > 300%. Such increases in surface area may decrease stresses to the crestal bone regions and reduce both crestal bone loss and early loading implant failure.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1976

Cell-free translation of foot-and-mouth disease virus RNA into identifiable non-capsid and capsid proteins.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (a member of the picornavirus group) RNA could be translated effectively in an S-30 extract from Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. This translation was inhibited by aurintricarboxylic acid, cycloheximide, puromycin and RNase. Cell-free products of translation were identified by disc gel electrophoresis and immunoprecipitation with specific antisera. Gel electrophoresis of the products without prior immunoprecipitation suggested the synthesis of some of the non-capsid proteins and capsid proteins VP1, VP2 and VP3 of the virus. Immunoprecipitations with antisera against whole virus and VP3 indicated the synthesis of VP3 and of at least two additional peptides of 100 000 and 56 000 daltons containing antigenic sites of VP3. Gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with antiserum against virus infection-associated antigen indicated the synthesis of a different 56 000-dalton protein appearing to resemble non-capsid protein NCVP5. The amount of foot-and-mouth disease virus and VP3-specific peptides in the virus RNA-directed products were measured by immunoprecipitation.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Vesicular exocytosis of foot- and -mouth disease virus from mammary gland secretory epithelium of infected cows.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus particles were observed by electron microscopy in the cytoplasma of alveolar secretory cells of the bovine mammary gland after contact exposure of uninfected cows to pits with foot-and-mouth disease. Virus, contained in membrane-limited vesicles, was released from the basal and peranuclear portions of the cells into the intracellular and extracellular spaces by an exocytotic mechanism similar to that of the release of th milk-fat globule. Virus was released into the lumen from the apical portion of the cell both by membrane-limited vesicles and by the merocrinal exocytosis of casein-associated virus. The lytic release of virus was observed in 20% of the preparations observed.

Animals↗