Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Life Expectancy”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Disease and diversity in history. (Reviews of: Cartwright, FF, Biddiss, M. Disease and history. Gloucestershire: Sutton Publishing Limited, 2000; Rotberg RI, ed. Health and disease in human history. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2000; Cliff, A., Haggett, P., Smallman-Raynor, M. Deciphering global epidemics: analytical approaches to the disease records of world cities, 1888-1912. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998; Riley, JC. Rising life expectancy: a global history. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001; McMichael, T. Human frontiers, environments and disease: past patterns, uncertain futures. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001).

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Disease↗
PubMed1998

Role of body mass index in the prediction of all cause mortality in over 62,000 men and women. The Italian RIFLE Pooling Project. Risk Factor and Life Expectancy.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relation of body mass index (BMI) to short-term mortality in a large Italian population sample. DESIGN: Within the Italian RIFLE pooling project, BMI was measured in 47 population samples made of 32,741 men and 30,305 women ages 20-69 years (young 20-44, mature 45-69). Data on mortality were collected for the next six years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age adjusted death rates in quintile classes of BMI and Cox proportional hazards models with six year all causes mortality as end point, BMI as covariate and age, smoking, systolic blood pressure as possible confounders were computed. Multivariate analysis was tested in all subjects and after the exclusion of smokers, early (first two years) deaths, and both categories. RESULTS: The univariate analysis failed to demonstrate in all cases a U or inverse J shaped relation. The Cox coefficients for the linear and quadratic terms of BMI proved significant for both young and mature women. The minimum of the curve was located at 27.0 (24.0, 30.0, 95% confidence limits, CL) and 31.8 (25.5, 38.2, 95% CL) units of BMI, for young and mature women respectively. Similar findings were obtained even when exclusion were performed. No relation was found for young men while for mature adult men only the model for all subjects retained significant curvilinear relation (minimum 29.3; 22.4, 36.2, 95% CL). CONCLUSION: These uncommon high values of BMI carrying the minimum risk of death seems to be in contrast with weight guidelines. A confirmation of these findings in other population groups might induce the consideration of changes in the suggested healthy values of BMI.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Differences between natural ageing and radio-induced shortening of the life expectancy in Drosophila melanogaster.

Adult Drosophila aged 1,4 or 8 days were irradiated with a 60Co source, supplying 1,000 rpm, at doses of 0, 15, 20, 25, 50 and 75 kr. In either sex, radio-induced death seems to arise from different mechanisms to those of natural death. The post-radiative response, however, is different for the two sexes, radiosensitivity in females is dependent on their state of physiological maturity i.e. at 20 and 25 kr sensitivity decreased with age. In males, in return, radiosensitivity is not directly correlated to age, death occurs at a fixed period after irradiation.

Aging↗
PubMed2006

Liver metastases of neuroendocrine tumours; early reduction of tumour load to improve life expectancy.

BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine tumours frequently metastasize to the liver. Although generally slowly progressing, hepatic metastases are the major cause of carcinoid syndrome and ultimately lead to liver dysfunction, cardiac insufficiency and finally death. METHODS: A literature review was performed to define the optimal treatment strategy and work-up in patients with neuroendocrine hepatic metastases. Based on this, an algorithm for the management of these patients was established. RESULTS: Platelet serotonin and chromogranin A are useful biomarkers for detection and follow-up of neuroendocrine tumour. Helical computed tomography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy are the most sensitive diagnostic modalities. Surgical debulking is an accepted approach for reducing hormonal symptoms and to establish better conditions for medical treatment, but is frequently impossible due to the extent of disease. A novel approach is the local ablation of tumour by thermal coagulation using therapies such as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or laser induced thermotherapy (LITT). These techniques preserve normal liver tissue. There is a tendency to destroy metastases early in the course of disease, thereby postponing or eliminating the surgically untreatable stage. This can be combined with postoperative radioactive octreotide to eliminate small multiple metastases. In patients with extensive metastases who are not suitable for local destruction, systemic therapy by octreotide, 131I-MIBG treatment or targeted chemo- and radiotherapy should be attempted. A final option for selective patients is orthotopic liver transplantation. CONCLUSION: Treatment for patients with neuroendocrine hepatic metastases must be tailored for each individual patient. When local ablative therapies are used early in the course of the disease, the occurrence of carcinoid syndrome with end stage hepatic disease can be postponed or prevented.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1996

The effect of hypopituitarism on life expectancy.

One hundred and seventy-two patients with partial or complete hypopituitarism diagnosed between 1967 and 1994 were studied retrospectively. Those with acromegaly or Cushing's disease were excluded. One hundred and two patients were male (median age at, diagnosis, 53 yr; range, 12-78 yr) and 70 female (median age at diagnosis, 51 yr; range, 1-74 yr). In 131 patients the cause of hypopituitarism was a pituitary tumor or the effects of its treatment, as the majority underwent surgery and/or radiotherapy. In 22, the cause was an extrapituitary tumor, 14 were termed idiopathic, 2 developed hypopituitarism as a result of basal sarcoid, 2 were due to trauma, and 1 was the result of Sheehan's syndrome. The patients were treated with standard replacement therapy. Mortality due to all causes was higher than expected in an age- and sex-matched control population (ratio of observed/expected deaths, 1.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.28-2.28; P < 0.01). Females tended to have a worse prognosis (ratio of observed/expected deaths, 2.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.37-3.58; P < 0.01) than their male counterparts (ratio of observed/expected deaths, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.02-2.13; P < 0.01). There was a small but nonsignificant increase in the number of deaths due to vascular disease (ratio of observed/expected deaths, 1.35; 95% confidence interval, 0.84-2.07; P = 0.11). The only significant independent predictive factors for survival were age at diagnosis and hypogonadism. The majority of the male hypogonadal cohort received replacement therapy (79%), but fewer of the females did so (27%). Hypogonadal patients had a better prognosis than their eugonadal counterparts (log rank, 6.85; P < 0.01). Our data confirmed that mortality in patients with hypopituitarism is significantly increased. However, the contribution of vascular disease to this poor prognosis was not as great as previously reported, and overall, our results favor a multifactorial explanation of the poor long term outcome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Life expectancy in liver cirrhosis after the first variceal hemorrhage: how can survival be improved?

A first hemorrhage from esophageal or fundal varices in a patient with liver cirrhosis marks the onset of a period with a high risk of rebleeding and death. The risk of rebleeding can be decreased by serial sclerotherapy, esophageal transection, or shunt surgery. However, the influence of these treatments on long-term survival is unconvincing. After endoscopic sclerotherapy the 4-year survival is 35-60%. After liver transplantation the 5-year survival is 65%. Endoscopic sclerotherapy, transection, and shunt surgery should be considered symptomatic treatments, primarily devised to decrease the rebleeding risk. Liver transplantation improves survival and, in addition, decreases the rebleeding risk in patients with esophageal varices.

Esophageal and Gastric Varices↗