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PubMed1981

Handedness: coordination of within- and between-hand alternating movements.

Two models of coordination of within- and between-hand alternating movements are compared. Model 1 assumes that control of bimanual movement passes back and forth between two independent systems, each of which guides one hand, and that the performance of alternating tapping movements (e.g., right index, right middle fingers) within a hand is very different from performance of alternating movements between hands (right index, left index fingers). The model suggests that right/left performance asymmetries on given tasks reflect the characteristics of the independent systems and would therefore predict that factor analysis would yield a "hand" factor. Model 2 assumes that a single system initiates and terminates movement in two subsystems, each of which guides one hand, and it suggests that the task of guiding alternating tapping movements within a hand is very similar to the task of alternating movement between hands. Model 2 would not predict an independent "hand" factor in the factor analysis of performances of tasks yielding left/right asymmetries; the asymmetries presumably arise because the single higher order system has better access to one of the subsystems than to the other. Analyses of performance of within- and between-hand alternations, single-finger tapping movements, and a pursuit rotor task in 92 subjects lend clear support to Model 2.

Female↗
PubMed1994

Influence of handedness on the visual and auditory reaction time.

Visual Reaction Time (VRT) and Auditory Reaction Time (ART) were measured in right-handed and left-handed human volunteers, using an Electronic Response Timer Unit. The study demonstrated that a group of left-handed women reacted faster (P < 0.05) with their left hand to an auditory stimulus than their counterpart using their right hand. VRT did not show any significant change within, and between, the groups and was not influenced by sex or age. The observed differences in ART may be due to central phenomenon.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Handedness and approach-avoidance behavior in chimpanzees (Pan).

The relationship between hand preference and approach-avoidance behavior was examined in 49 chimpanzees (Pan). Ss were presented with 2 sets of novel objects on 4 consecutive days. The objects were presented for 2 hr during each session, and latency to touch any object was recorded for each S. Latency scores were then compared for chimpanzees that had been determined to be non-right- or right-handed. Right-handed Ss approached and touched the objects significantly faster than non-right-handed Ss did. In addition, males touched the objects significantly faster than did females. Correlations in approach-avoidance behavior were significant across stimulus sets and days of testing. The overall results support recent theoretical models linking hemispheric specialization with the expression of positive and negative affective behaviors.

Affect↗
PubMed1993

The effect of handedness in tactile speech perception.

This study examined differential performance of normally hearing subjects using a tactile device on the dominant versus non-dominant hand. The study evaluated whether tactual sensitivity for non-speech stimuli was greater for the dominant hand as compared with the non-dominant hand, and secondly, whether there was an advantage for speech presented tactually to the dominant hand, resulting from a preferential pathway to the language processing area in the left cerebral hemisphere. Evaluations of threshold pulse width, dynamic ranges, paired electrode identification, and a closed-set tactual pattern discrimination test battery showed no difference in tactual sensitivity measures between the two hands. Speech perception was assessed with closed sets of vowels and consonants and with open-set Harvey Gardner (HG) words and Arthur Boothroyd (AB) words. Group mean scores were higher in each of the tactually aided conditions as compared with the unaided conditions for speech tests, with the exception of AB words in the tactile plus lip-reading plus audition/lip-reading plus audition condition on the right hand. Overall mean scores on the closed-set vowel test and on open-set HG and AB words were significantly higher for the tactually aided condition as compared with the unaided condition. Comparison of performance between the dominant and non-dominant hand showed a significant advantage for the dominant hand on the closed-set vowel test only. No significant differences between hands in either tactually aided or unaided conditions were evident for any of the other speech perception tests. Factors influencing this result could have been variations in degree of difficulty of the tests, the amount of training subjects received, or the training strategy employed. Although an advantage to presenting speech through the dominant hand may exist, it is unlikely to be great enough to outweigh possible restrictions on everyday use.

Communication Devices for People with Disabilities↗