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PubMed1981

Antibiotic sensitivity testing: correlations between in vitro tests in vivo situations.

This review discusses the correlations between in vitro antibiotic sensitivity test results and in vivo clinical situations. It is concluded that the relations between blood levels and minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibacterial drugs cannot always be applied as criteria of sensitivity. Important exceptions are local treatments and treatment of infections in body sites where antibiotics are concentrated. Examples of agreement and lack of agreement between in vitro test results and treatment results in infections caused by bacteria with acquired resistance are given. Finally, the special problem of the interpretation of results obtained in tests with intestinal bacteria and antibacterials used for growth promotion is discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1981

[Use of the leaves of the dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) in the feeding of the silkworm Bombyx mori L].

Experiments were carried out with eggs of Bombyx mori of the J--124xC--122 hybrid, imported from Japan. Tested was the feeding of the silkworm moth on leaves of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale L.) up to the end of the III instar. Feeding was also carried out with dandelion leaves up to the end of the IV instar, which, immediately prior to offering to the moths were sprinkled with water solutions of flurazolidon, 1.5 per cent, chloramphenicol with propylen glycol (5%)--50 cm3 each/1 of water or nalidixic acid, 2.5 per cent. The effect was studied of the antibacterial preparations applied to every kind of feed on the amount of microflora in the alimentary tract. It was found that moths given dandelion leaves reached the III instar, however, there was a very early manifestation of spontaneous nuclear polyhedrosis and bacterial infections of the alimentary tract. The addition of antibacterial preparations reduced the outbreaks of the two diseases and the microflora in silkmoths. Discussed is the possibility of the wide use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs in the prevention of these diseases.

Animal Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Giardiasis: a common and underrecognized enteric pathogen.

Until the early 1940s, Giardia lamblia was considered by virtually all to be a simple intestinal commensal that benignly fed on small amounts of ingested food, never to cause symptoms or invade tissue. In the past 35 years this organism has established itself, through epidemics in which other pathogens were ruled out, as a fairly common cause of human enteropathology. The most common forms of symptomatic giardial illness present initially to primary care physicians and invariably are diagnosed as "gastroenteritis" with a symptom complex of abdominal upset, diarrhea, cramping, flatulence, and belching. Unlike most enteritides, giardiasis may become chronic and cause severe weight loss, malabsorption, or generalized discomfort. Also, unlike most, the organism is quite sensitive to antimicrobials and may be simply eradicated. Therefore, it is crucial that the index of suspicion for this illness be raised among family physicians, since it may be treated at the primary care level instead of remaining unsuspected until eventually being referred for a major gastrointestinal evaluation.

Feces↗
PubMed1981

Giardiasis.

The protozoan Giardia lamblia has frequently been identified as the cause of epidemic gastrointestinal disease. Overseas travel (to both Third-World and industrialized countries), contaminated mountain streams and malfunctioning city water-supply systems are often cited as contributing factors. Giardiasis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of persistent diarrhea and other abdominal pain syndromes of unknown etiology. Aggressive diagnostic testing is required to identify the parasite. Appropriate treatment is highly successful.

Furazolidone↗
PubMed1994

[Clinical observation on verrucous gastritis with combined therapy of traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

Controlled study of verrucous gastritis treated with combined therapy of TCM-WM was compared with that of WM only. The result showed that the total effective rate and the cured rate of former were 97.83% and 84.78%, while that of latter were 77.14% and 22.86% respectively. The TCM-WM revealed better results than WM alone. Follow-up was done after six months, the recurrence rates of the two groups were 9.10% (2/22) and 43.75% (7/16) respectively, the difference was significant (P < 0.05). There was no side effect in combined therapy and the therapy was convenient for use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Changes of various factors of nonspecific humoral immunity in acute dysentery].

The level of total Enterobacterial Enterotoxins of the blood serum, of beta-lysins, lysozyme activity, complement and normal antibodies were studied in 191 patients with acute Flexner dysentery and in 285 patients with acute Sonne dysentery, depending on the period of the disease, its severity, the treatment applied, and the species of the causative agent. The level of the nonspecific humoral immunity factors increased before the treatment and its normalization depended on the treatment applied.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1975

[Residues of antimicrobial substances in the meat and organs of slaughter calves].

Using a modified Gartside diffusion method (1960) the incidence of the residues of antimicrobial substances was followed in two categories of calves commercially slaughtered at the Brno Slaughter House. For testing the following three collection strains were used: B. subtilis (ATCC 6633), B cereus, var. mycoides (ATCC 11778), Sarcina lutea (ATCC 9341). In light weight calves samples of bile, liver, kidney, diaphragmatic and hind limb muscles, in heavy calves, due to technical reasons, only bile, liver and diaphragmatic muscle samples were examined. Residues were demonstrated in 26.2% of 103 light (suckling) calves; the most frequent finding was in the bile (22.2%) and kidney (15.5%). Identical residue findings in the diaphragmatic muscles and in the skeletal muscles of the hind extremities in light calves correspond to the formerly described results in calves from emergency slaughter (Malíková et al. 1974). In heavy calves the residues were demonstrated in 41.7% of 156 examined; the most frequent finding was in the liver (42.3%) and in the diphragmatic muscles (34%). Under the present operation conditions of calf fattening using milk replacer Biosan 20 not even an interval of 17-20 hours between the last feeding and the slaughter proved sufficient for elimination of the antimicrobial substances from the bodies of the slaughter animals.

Abattoirs↗
PubMed1976

[Antibiotic and chemopreparation sensitivity of the microflora isolated from the bile in inflammatory diseases of the biliary excretory system].

The study of sensitivity to some antibiotics and chemotherapeutics of 250 cultures of the main causative agents of the inflammatory diseases of the bile secretion system, i. e. Coli bacteria, Proteus, Ps. aeruginosa and Staphylococcus showed that the above microorganisms were in most cases highly resistant to the antibacterial drugs widely used in the clinical practice. The exclusion presented the drugs of the aminoglycoside group and especially gentamycin which had the highest activity. The analysis of multiple resistance showed that 96 per cent of the strains were resistant to 5 and more antibacterial drugs.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗