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PubMed1989

Exhaled gas analysis. Technical and clinical aspects of capnography and oxygen consumption.

Infrared absorption and mass spectrometry represent two common techniques used for measurement of end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration in expired air. Continuous capnographic monitoring may be useful in assessing changes in ventilation, pulmonary blood flow, and metabolism. Accuracy may be affected by the type of gas sampling technique used, as well as altered ventilation and perfusion matching in the lung. Oxygen uptake at the mouth may be measured by either an open- or closed-circuit technique. Calculated values of oxygen consumption obtained from pulmonary artery catheter data and blood gases correlate well with direct gas measurement. Accurate bedside determination requires a thorough knowledge of equipment and proper gas collection, especially at high inspired oxygen levels. This information may be useful in nutritional assessments, during mechanical ventilation, and in evaluation of therapeutic interventions aimed at optimizing peripheral oxygen delivery.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A method of decreasing accidental positive exhalation pressure upon high frequency artificial respiration of newborn infants].

A simple method has been suggested for the reduction of excessive positive end-expiratory pressure (EPEEP) occurring during high-frequency ventilation with positive pressure in the newborn. The method employs a special conntecor with an inner diameter decreasing towards the end of the tube included into the inspiration line. The use of a connector during high-frequency jet ventilation of lung models from newborn with hyaline membrane disease and meconial aspiration reduced effectively EPEEP in the proximal end of the intubation tube. However, the same efficacy of EPEEP reduction in the lungs has been observed only on the model of hyaline membranes. On the models of lungs from newborn with meconial aspiration EPEEP reduced insignificantly. With the increase in gas mixture flow, the efficacy of the device enhanced.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

[Hydrogen (H2) exhalation tests--methods for general practice].

According to the literature as well as to own experience hydrogen breath tests seem to be suitable for a gastroenterologist's practice because of their practicability (this means non invasive and cheap methods) and their diagnostic relevance (sensitivity, specificity). Although hydrogen breath test with lactose is now the best way for diagnosis of lactose intolerance, hydrogen breath test with glucose as a mean of investigation of small bowel bacterial overgrowth still is subject to discussion. Lactulose hydrogen breath test in order to estimate small bowel transit time is of minor importance in gastroenterologist's practice. Yet at special questions it still may be of relevance (e.g. suspicion of functional diarrhea).

Bacteria↗