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PubMed2003

The integration of electromyography (SEMG) at the workstation: assessment, treatment, and prevention of repetitive strain injury (RSI).

This paper reviews the ergonomic and psychosocial factors that affect musculoskeletal disorders at the workstation. First is a model of a physiological assessment protocol that incorporated SEMG monitoring while working at the computer. Next is a study that showed that participants lack awareness of their muscle tension as compared to the actual SEMG levels. The final study illustrated how an intervention program can reduce RSI symptoms, decrease respiration rate, and lower SEMG activity. Recommendations include suggestions that successful safety and prevention programs need multiple components and that participants should to be trained to control physiological responses with respiration and SEMG biofeedback. All participants should master these physiological skills just as they learn how to use the computer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Assessment of diaphragm paralysis with oesophageal electromyography and unilateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation.

The purpose of this study was to establish a sensitive and reliable method of diagnosing diaphragm paralysis by recording the diaphragm compound muscle action potential (CMAP) using a multipair oesophageal electrode and unilateral magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation. An oesophageal electrode catheter was designed containing six coils (1 cm wide and 3 cm apart), creating an array of four sequential electrode pairs. The oesophageal catheter was taped at the nose with the proximal electrode pair 40 cm from the nares. Eight patients with unilateral (n=5) or bilateral (n=3) diaphragm paralysis were studied. Five to seven phrenic nerve stimulations were performed at 80% of maximum magnetic stimulator output and the CMAPs were recorded simultaneously from the four pairs of electrodes. In the five patients with unilateral diaphragm paralysis, the CMAP amplitudes and latencies were 1.16+/-0.29 mV and 7.6+/-1.5 ms for functioning sides. No diaphragm CMAP could be detected when stimulating nonfunctioning phrenic nerves. This study shows that diaphragm paralysis can be reliably diagnosed by unilateral magnetic stimulation combined with a multipaired oesophageal electrode.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Efficacy of rowing, backward wheeling and isolated scapular retractor exercise as remedial strength activities for wheelchair users: application of electromyography.

Shoulder dysfunction due to regular wheelchair use is a common problem among people with spinal cord injuries. As a remedial measure, strengthening of the scapular retractor muscles has been suggested. Electromyographical analysis was utilized to examine scapular retraction muscle use during rowing, backward wheeling and a standardized scapular retraction exercise in seven people with spinal cord injuries and seven able bodied subjects. In addition, a pilot study using indwelling electrodes was completed to validate the use and placement of surface electrodes. Both rowing and the standardized scapular retraction exercise recruited higher levels of retractor involvement than backward wheeling. We suggest that rowing, because of its value as a cardiovascular exercise and high level of retractor recruitment, is an appropriate and effective means of remediating scapular retractor weakness.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

The relationship between dentofacial morphology and the isometric jaw-opening and closing muscle function as evaluated by electromyography.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship between the dentofacial morphology and masticatory muscle function in both isometric jaw-opening and closing. The subjects consisted of 26 male adults without masticatory dysfunction. Electromyograms were obtained from the digastric and masseter muscles to evaluate their muscle activities. The sum energy, median frequency, and equilibrium index were calculated as parameters of the muscle activity. A correlation analysis was performed between the parameters for the muscle activity and the dentofacial morphology on lateral roentgenographic cephalograms. The sum energy in the jaw-closing muscle showed a significant relationship with the gonial angle, mandibular length, and facial height, but not in the jaw-opening muscle. A median frequency in the jaw-opening muscle showed a significant relationship with size and position of the mandible, and also that in the jaw-closing muscle with the mandibular plane angle, facial height, and mandibular body length. Furthermore, the equilibrium index of the median frequency was related to the facial height, mandibular length, and inclination of the mandibular incisor. In conclusion, the dentofacial morphology was found to be closely related to the muscle activity not only of the jaw-closing muscle but also of the jaw-opening muscle during isometric muscle contraction.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Peroneal nerve palsy: the role of early electromyography.

Footdrop is rare in the newborn period. In this report, the clinical and electrophysiological features of a newborn whose peroneal neuropathy was detected in the delivery room is presented. Her first electrophysiological examination, at the 13th hour of life, revealed a peroneal nerve lesion. All findings elicited in this and subsequent examinations suggested an antenatal onset. Clinical recovery began within weeks of the birth and she was able to walk, with no residual neurological abnormality, by her first birthday. Early electrophysiological examination of a newborn with peripheral neuropathy may provide valuable information about the time of onset and pathophysiological features of the nerve lesion. In spite of the early electromyogram findings revealing severe nerve injury, a good prognosis is possible in newborns with peroneal neuropathy.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intrinsic pedal musculature support of the medial longitudinal arch: an electromyography study.

Much of the work describing support of the medial longitudinal arch has focused on the plantar fascia and the extrinsic muscles. There is little research concerning the function of intrinsic muscles in the maintenance of the medial longitudinal arch. Ten healthy volunteer adults served as subjects for this study, which was approved by the University Investigational Review Board. The height of the navicular tubercle above the floor was measured in both feet while subjects were seated with the foot in a subtalar neutral position and then when standing in a relaxed calcaneal stance. Subtalar neutral was found by palpating for talar congruency. Recordings of muscle activity from the abductor hallucis muscle were performed while the subjects maintained a maximal voluntary contraction in a supine position by plantarflexing their great toes. An injection of lidocaine (1% with epinephrine) was then administered by a Board-certified orthopedic surgeon in the region of the tibial nerve, posterior and inferior to the medial malleolus. Measurements were repeated and compared by using a paired t test. After the nerve block, the muscle activity was 26.8% of the control condition (P =.011). This corresponded with an increase in navicular drop of 3.8 mm. (P =.022). The observation that navicular drop increased when the activity of the intrinsic muscles decreased indicates that the intrinsic pedal muscles play an important role in support of the medial longitudinal arch.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A multifocal neurinoma of the hypoglossal nerve with motor paralysis confirmed by electromyography.

A rare case of neurinoma in a 72 year-old Japanese woman derived from the hypoglossal nerve is reported. The tumour was composed of three interconnected nodules occurring simultaneously in the left submandibular and sublingual regions. The lesion, which presented as a neck mass, caused a slight left-sided hemiparesis of the tongue with tongue deviation to the affected side not noticed by the patient. An electromyographic (EMG) study revealed decreased muscle activity on the left side of the tongue muscle, indicating dysfunction of the hypoglossal nerve. EMG was useful for diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Intra-operator and inter-operator reliability of surface electromyography in the clinical evaluation of back muscles.

As a prerequisite to the use of a test battery based on electromyographic (EMG) analysis of the paraspinal muscles for identifying and remedying back muscle dysfunction, the intra- and inter-operator reliability was assessed. Fifteen volunteers underwent EMG tests on three occasions. The test subjects were asked to perform 22 exercises, subdivided into four categories: coordination, stabilization, balance and strength exercises. The time interval between the tests was one week. The myoelectric signals of the multifidus (MF) and iliocostalis lumborum pars thoracis (ICLT) were analysed with regard to amplitude (averaged EMG) and frequency (zero cross rate). The results indicated that the reliability was better for the MF than for the ICLT, and also for exercises at higher loads (strength exercises). In the intra-operator condition, the reproducibility of the averaged EMG was good (ICC>0.75), except for the balance exercises (ICC = 0.40-0.74). In general, the averaged EMG in the inter-operator condition and the zero cross rate in both the intra- and inter-operator conditions are less or poorly reliable. These results demonstrate that when back muscle function is evaluated during coordination, stabilization and strength exercises, only the averaged EMG parameter has acceptable reproducibility over time when assessed by the same operator.

Adult↗