Hospitals learn lessons from Andrew.
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The summer of 1993 will be remembered as the time when record amounts of rain flooded the Mississippi and its tributary rivers, causing one of the decade's worst natural disasters. Accounts from the hard-hit Des Moines area exemplify what many foodservice operators and their staff did to help their customers and neighbors struck by the disaster.
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The East Coast experienced a debilitating storm just before Christmas 1992. Nurses went above and beyond the call of duty to care for their community; from their exemplary work, one agency developed a policy to prepare the entire community so that the next disaster won't be a disaster.
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On January 25, 1 week after the most devastating earthquake in Los Angeles history, the Southern California Hospital Council released the following status report: 928 patients evacuated from damaged hospitals. 805 beds available (136 critical, 669 noncritical). 7,757 patients treated/released from EDs. 1,496 patients treated/admitted to hospitals. 61 dead. 9,309 casualties. Where do we go from here? We are still waiting for the "big one." We'll do our best to be ready when Mother Nature shakes, rattles and rolls. The efforts of Los Angeles City Fire Chief Donald O. Manning cannot be overstated. He maintained department command of this major disaster and is directly responsible for implementing the fire department's Disaster Preparedness Division in 1987. Through the chief's leadership and ability to forecast consequences, the city of Los Angeles was better prepared than ever to cope with this horrendous earthquake. We also pay tribute to the men and women who are out there each day, where "the rubber meets the road."
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It is not enough that a healthcare facility have a "crisis plan" somewhere in its file cabinets. Indeed, unless the facility's executives have made thorough preparations for putting it into action, their plan could make a crisis even worse. Shortcomings commonly found in crisis plans include: Failing to make sure that the people designated to implement the plan are actually present when a crisis occurs Having a crisis team that is too large and unwieldy to be effective in a real crisis Forgetting that, while the crisis team acts, others must keep normal operations running Failing to designate a single, trained spokesperson to deal with the media Being unprepared for a long siege-the crisis that goes on for hours, days, or even weeks Forgetting during a crisis to inform, not only the general public, but also one's own staff, patients, and others Failing to have an understanding with staff and their unions that, in a crisis, some persons may be expected to perform duties other than their normal ones
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Rather than trying to write a second-hand description of the response to the April 19 bombing of the Federal Building in Oklahoma City, we thought we'd let some of the people who were there caring for patients and searching for victims share their experiences in their own words. Marion Angell Garza, JEMS editorial/news coordinator, spoke at length with six responders, including paramedics, the triage and treatment officer, a firefighter/EMT-1 and an emergency physician. The following excerpts are from those interviews.
On July 27, 1994, CDC published in the Federal Register, 59 FR 38191, "CDC Recommendations for Civilian Communities Near Chemical Weapons Depots: Guidelines for Medical Preparedness" and requested public comment. Seven people sent comments; many were responding on behalf of governments or other institutions in affected communities. These comments are available upon request. These recommendations incorporate changes made in response to the comments received and constitutes CDC's final recommendations for minimum standards for prehospital and hospital emergency medical services' readiness in communities near the eight locations where the U.S. stockpile of lethal chemical weapons is stored. The eight locations are: Umatilla Army Depot Activity, Oregon; Tooele Army Depot, Utah; Pueblo Army Depot Activity, Colorado; Pine Bluff Arsenal, Arkansas; Newport Army Ammunition Plant, Indiana; Anniston Army Depot, Alabama; Lexington Bluegrass Depot Activity, Kentucky; and Edgewood Area, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. These recommendations were prepared to assist emergency planners in determining emergency medical services' readiness in communities near the 8 locations where the U.S. stockpile of lethal chemical weapons is stored. These guidelines should not be used for any purpose other than planning for the Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program.