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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Planning for change: developing a policy framework for nursing labour markets.

This article examines key aspects of change in European nursing labour markets, and highlights an integrated policy framework intended to improve nurse recruitment, retention and utilization in European health care. Health care is labour intensive. Staffing costs are often a major focus of the health sector. There is a tendency for staffing to be regarded as part of the 'problem' of cost containment, and staffing costs are often a major focus of health sector reform. This report argues that it is more appropriate to regard staffing in general, and nurses in particular, as part of the solution to improving quality, access and cost of care. The major elements in nurse workforce planning are discussed, and the need for planning to be integrated with service delivery is emphasized. With projected increases in the demand for healthcare, and concern about staff shortages, policy attention across Europe and in other countries must focus on improving the methods of recruiting, retaining and utilizing nursing resources. A policy-based framework for sustained improvement is presented, based on five areas of action: improve 'conventional' recruitment; improve recruitment from 'non-conventional' sources; identify and apply incentives to improve staff retention and motivation; improve staff deployment; and improve utilization/skill mix.

Europe↗
PubMed1978

Health policy and planning: Public Law 93-641.

The policy and planning aspects of Public Law 93-641 (The National Health Planning and Resources Development Act) introduce important implications for the health care delivery system. The law contains the first delineation of a national health policy, as well as innovative provisions for the development of regional health plans. On the basis of these policies and plans, decisions are made that affect the allocation of health resources such as manpower and facilities. This paper discusses the national policies called for in the law and the planning process at the regional level. By viewing the politics and technology of plan development, the importance of and avenues for participation are clarified.

Health Planning↗
PubMed2001

Developing a corrective-action plan for the revenue cycle.

A corrective-action plan for improving a group practice's revenue cycle should be preceded by a careful analysis of desired outcomes, current performance, and key indicators to be used. The revenue-cycle improvement-planning process should involve all stakeholders--physicians, management, and staff. Once goals have been set and key indicators selected, the group practice should perform a pyramid analysis. This analysis takes into account the information system capabilities, work-flow processes, staffing, and organizational structure needed to support the revenue cycle. When the pyramid analysis has been completed, a workable plan can be developed.

Accounts Payable and Receivable↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development of model infectious disease protocols for fire and EMS personnel.

OBJECTIVE: To develop model infectious disease exposure plans for emergency medical services agencies in King County, Washington. METHODS: All fire departments in King County, Washington, were surveyed to determine their pathogen exposure policies. After these agencies were surveyed, model response plans were developed for both bloodborne and airborne pathogen exposure. RESULTS: Twenty-four of the 35 fire departments in King County submitted infectious disease exposure policies. There was diversity among the plans, and not all were deemed able to provide prophylaxis in a timely fashion. Based on this lack of uniformity among response plans, model response plans were developed for bloodborne and airborne infectious disease pathogens. CONCLUSION: Great variety was present throughout the exposure plans currently in use throughout King County, Washington. Model plans would likely universalize response to pathogen exposure and help to ensure prompt and appropriate postexposure prophylaxis.

Air Microbiology↗
PubMed1987

Dental education: trends and assumptions for the 21st century.

Dental educational institutions, as components of university systems, must develop strategic plans for program development, resource allocation, evaluation, and continued financial support. This dynamic process will be accomplished in a competitive academic arena where program excellence and program relevance are key issues in the game of survival. This article focuses on issues and trends that form the basis for planning assumptions and initiatives into the next decade and into the 21st century. This is our challenge, this is our mission if we are to be catalysts for change in the future.

Curriculum↗
PubMed1988

Law No. 7032 of 1986.

This Law sets forth a new version of the Costa Rica Forestry Law of 25 December 1969. Among other things, it gives added importance to the policy of reforestation and includes in its general principles the provision that the General Forestry Directorate will periodically establish a national plan of forestry development. This plan will recommend and grant incentives aimed at reforestation and the regeneration of species of trees, which will be considered a primary goal of the Law.

Americas↗
PubMed2001

Establishment of a clinical trials office at a children's hospital.

OBJECTIVE: To create a clinical trials office (CTO) at a children's hospital and assess its impact. METHODS: Meetings with faculty and clinical trials groups were undertaken to develop a conceptual plan for an exclusively pediatric CTO designed to be a 1-stop office for sponsors, contract research organizations, and investigators. Guiding principles, eg, use of the CTO would be voluntary and paid for on a fee-for-service basis, were defined, and a business plan was developed. RESULTS: The CTO opened in October 1997, offering a broad menu of services. Initial marketing efforts have been followed by steadily increasing use of the CTO, measured in a number of studies and investigators who use CTO services. Commensurate growth in CTO staffing has been required. Since the CTO's opening, the number of and revenues from industry-sponsored clinical trials performed at the hospital have been significantly greater than the pre-CTO baseline and have exceeded business plan projections. In addition, the proportion of industry-sponsored clinical research at the hospital that is administered by the CTO has expanded (now >50%). The increase in hospital revenues from industry-sponsored clinical trials has exceeded the cost of running the CTO. Studies performed by the CTO have involved a mix of general pediatric clinic/private office patients, subspecialty clinic patients, and hospitalized children. CONCLUSION: A CTO dedicated to pediatric clinical research can enhance the ability of a children's hospital to participate in the growing number of pediatric clinical trials.

Centralized Hospital Services↗
PubMed1994

Development of a comprehensive staff education plan for a rehabilitation center.

Staff education will be an important component of managing changes in health care. The development of a "learning organization" will necessitate developing management processes to encourage team building and participation. This article describes a management process created to develop a comprehensive staff development plan for a rehabilitation center. Four components of the management process are described: formation and articulation of a mission statement, establishment of an organizational structure, development of educational plan procedures, and description of the role of the management team in developing the plan. Strategies for plan implementation and evaluation are also discussed.

Nebraska↗
PubMed1984

Hospital-sponsored primary care: I. Organizational and financial effects.

Findings are presented from a seven-year (1976-83) evaluation of the Community Hospital Program (CHP), a national demonstration program sponsored by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation to assist 54 community hospitals in improving the organization of access to primary care. Upon grant expiration, 66 per cent of hospital-sponsored group practices continued under some form of hospital sponsorship; over 90 per cent developed or were planning to develop spin-off programs; and new physicians were recruited and retained in the community. About 9 per cent of hospital admissions were accounted for by group physicians and grantee hospitals experienced a greater annual increase in their market share of admissions than competing hospitals in the area. While only three of the groups generated sufficient revenue to cover expenses during the grant period, 21 additional groups broke even during the first post-grant year. Productivity and cost per visit compared favorably with most other forms of care. Hospitalization rates from the hospital-sponsored practices were somewhat lower than those for other forms of care. Medical director leadership and involvement and the organization design of the practice were among several key factors associated with higher performing practices. The ability of such joint hospital-physician ventures to meet the needs of the poor and elderly in a time of Medicare and Medicaid cutbacks is discussed along with suggestions for targeting future initiatives in primary care.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1996

Developing an effective business plan.

At some time, virtually all managed care executives, and most physician executives, will be asked to develop business plans. Business plans are thoughtful, comprehensive, and realistic descriptions of the many aspects of the formulation of a new business product or line for market. The author describes what goes into the writing of a business plan and how the physician executive should approach this task.

Commerce↗
PubMed2006

Neural crest cells and the community of plan for craniofacial development: historical debates and current perspectives.

After their initial discovery in the mid 1800s, neural crest cells transitioned from the category of renegade intra-embryonic wanderers to achieve rebel status, provoked especially by the outrageous claim that they participate in skeletogenesis, an embryonic event theretofore reserved exclusively for mesoderm. Much of the 20th century found neural crest cells increasingly viewed as a unique population set apart from other embryonic populations and more often treated as orphans rather than fully embraced by mainstream developmental biology. Now frequently touted as a fourth germ layer, the neural crest has become a fundamental character for distinguishing craniates from other metazoans, and has radically redefined perceptions about the organization and evolution of the vertebrate jaws and head. In this chapter we provide an historical overview of four main research areas in which the neural crest have incited fervent discord among workers past and present. Specifically, we describe how discussions surrounding the neural crest threatened the germ layer theory, upended traditional schemes of vertebrate head organization, challenged assumptions about morphological conservation and homology, and redefined concepts on mechanisms of craniofacial patterning. In each case we frame these debates in the context of recent data on the developmental fate and roles of the neural crest.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Review of technology: planning for the development of telesonography.

Teleradiology allows contemporaneous interpretation of imaging exams performed at some distance from the interpreting radiologist. The transmitted images are usually static. However, there is benefit to real-time review of full-motion ultrasound (US) exams as they are performed. Telesonography is transmission of full-motion sonographic data to a remote site. We hypothesize that US exams, read after having been compressed utilizing Motion Picture Experts Group version 4 (MPEG-4) compression scheme, transmitted over the Internet as streaming multimedia, decompressed, and displayed, are equivalent in diagnostic accuracy to reading the examinations locally. MPEG-4 uses variable compression on each image frame to achieve a constant output bit rate. With less compression, the bit rate rises, and the only way the encoder can contain bit rate within the set bandwidth is by lowering frame rate or reducing image quality. We review the relevant technologies and industry standard components that will enable low-cost telesonography.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1994

Role of arteether in the treatment of malaria and plans for further development.

Arteether has potent antimalarial activity in vitro against drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Preclinical studies of arteether injection have been completed, and phase I safety, tolerance and pharmacokinetic studies are in progress in The Netherlands. No intolerance has yet been observed. Production has been established in a pilot scale in The Netherlands by A.C.F. Beheer BV. Toxicity studies have been conducted in rats and dogs: 3 mg/kg/d for 28 d had no effect. At higher dosages, toxic effects on heart, brain, bone marrow, kidney and liver were observed. Cardiotoxicity is characterized in the dog by a dose-related prolongation of the QTc interval and inversion of the T-wave in some animals. Arrhythmias have not been observed. Electrocardiographic changes returned to baseline values after cessation of daily drug administration. Neuronal toxicity was observed in dogs given daily doses of 6.75 or 15 mg/kg/d intramuscularly for 28 d. Signs of lethargy, incoordination, and abnormal responses appeared in the fourth week. Electroencephalograms exhibited no abnormality. Neuronal degeneration and subsequent myelin degeneration, particularly affecting the cerebellum and other portions of the mid- and hind-brain, were observed. Clinical signs of neurotoxicity did not resolve completely within 30 d after cessation of dosing, and histopathological damage in the brain was still evident. Behavioural and histological evidence of neurotoxicity was also observed in rats. The neurotoxic effects of arteether and artemether in rats and dogs were similar.

Antimalarials↗
PubMed1984

Epidemiological monitoring plan for geothermal developments.

In order to assure that geothermal developments in the Imperial Valley of California proceeded on an environmentally sound basis, The U.S. Energy Research and Development Administration contracted with the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory to conduct a comprehensive study of six aspects of the region and its potential problems: Air Quality Water Quality, Ecosystem Quality (Soil, Plants, Animals, etc.) Subsidence and Induced Seismicity, Health Effects, and Socio-Economic Effects which may result from the proposed development. This report of the possible health effects is designed to be repeated as geothermal developments progress. It includes both general health attributes and attributes which may be likely to be adversely affected by such developments and is focussed on two different populations, one likely to be affected and a second which is less likely to be affected. Such a design permits the easier identification of possible effects against a background of time-dependent processes in later phases of the study. This baseline study documents that before such developments, there were differences in health status of the two areas, which were chosen to maximize demographic comparability. It further identifies that odor, a possible problem associated with geothermal development, is currently present, and at times intense. Without such baseline monitoring, the likelihood is great that such effects in the future might be falsely ascribed to the geothermal development.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Planning, designing and developing an assessment tool for a 12-week accident emergency module as part of a pre-registration course: practical account.

The process of designing and developing an assessment tool for pre-registration students was governed by the need to assess students clinical competence during their 12-week exposure to the Accident and Emergency Department. It took the form of continuous assessment using a competency coding system ensuring criterion reference based assessment.

Curriculum↗