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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Estimation of population pharmacokinetics for carbamazepine in Malaysian patients using the OPT computer program.

We used OPT to estimate individual and population pharmacokinetics for carbamazepine (CBZ) in Malaysian epileptic patients attending our Neurology Clinic. We noted that plasma CBZ concentrations and clearances correlated poorly with daily doses and body weights respectively but we found the values for clearance, volumes of distribution, elimination rate constants and half lives to be in good agreement with earlier reports. We conclude that OPT is a simple yet useful program to derive individual and population pharmacokinetic parameters for CBZ for use in dosage adjustments. We also conclude that although the Malaysian population do not differ substantially in handling CBZ, available data for the pharmacokinetic parameters must be used cautiously in applying it to the therapeutic drug monitoring for CBZ in our patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

PEDIGREE-PLOT: a computer program for plotting pedigrees.

PEDIGREE-PLOT is a FORTRAN program which can be used for the drawing of pedigrees in either a horizontal or a circular shape. Eight different symbols are available for characterizing a person. Special symbols for stillbirth, abortion, unspecified sex, twins and half sibships exist.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

A note on ENDOG: a computer program for analysing pedigree information.

The aim of this note is to describe the program ENDOG (v.3.0). The program handles pedigree information to conduct several demographic and genetic analyses including: (a) the individual inbreeding and average relatedness coefficients; (b) effective population size; (c) parameters characterizing the concentration of both gene and individuals origin such as the effective number of founders and ancestors, the effective number of founder herds; (d) F statistics and paired genetic distances for each subpopulation under study; (e) descriptors of the genetic importance of the herds in a population and (f) generation intervals. The program will help breeders and researchers to monitor the changes in genetic variability and population structure with limited costs of preparing datasets. The program, user's guide and example file can be down-loaded free of charge from the World Wide Web at http://www.ucm.es/ info/prodanim/Endog30.zip.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of a computer program for caries risk assessment in schoolchildren.

The 'Cariogram' is an interactive PC program for caries risk evaluation. It takes into account the interactions between caries-related factors and expresses a graphic assessment of the risk. The aim of this study was to assess the caries risk in schoolchildren using the Cariogram and to evaluate the program by comparing the caries risk assessments with the actual change in DMF. A 2-year prospective study on 446 schoolchildren, 10-11 years old, was conducted. At baseline, data on general health, diet, oral hygiene and use of fluoride were obtained. Saliva analyses included mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts, buffer capacity and secretion rate. DMFT and DMFS were calculated from records and bitewing radiographs. Scores were entered and caries risk was assessed. Re-examination for caries was done after 2 years. The children were divided into 5 groups according to the assessed caries risk at baseline. Where the Cariogram predicted a 0-20% (high risk), 21-40%, 41-60%, 61-80% and 81-100% (low risk) chance of avoiding new lesions, 8, 35, 42, 73 and 83%, respectively, had no new lesions 2 years later. Logistic regression analyses were carried out. When the Cariogram was included, only two factors, the Cariogram (p < 0.001) and the DMFS at baseline, i.e. past caries experience (p = 0.001), turned out to be significantly associated with caries increment. The Cariogram was the most powerful explanatory variable. When the Cariogram was excluded, lactobacillus count, mutans streptococci, diet intake frequency and DMFS at baseline were significantly associated with caries increment. The Cariogram predicted caries increment more accurately than any included single-factor model. How this finding can be translated into daily practice in the best and most practical way is a matter for future research.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple ligand-ion solutions: a guide for solution preparation and computer program understanding.

This paper first gives an overview of the multitude of chemical reactions taking place in aqueous solutions with multiple ligands and ions. Then, recommendations to avoid pitfalls in preparing such solutions in daily laboratory work are summarized. Thereafter, the theoretical aspects for calculating multiple ligand-ion solutions are described in detail. Information necessary to perform corrections of the absolute stability constants for the influences of pH, ionic strength, and temperature are given. The calculation of apparent reaction constants for ligand-ion interactions by using the corrected absolute stability constants and considering all possible reactions between a ligand and an ion in an aqueous solution will be introduced. Thereafter, by employing the apparent reaction constants and an iterative method, the determination of multiple ligand-ion equilibria to find the desired ligand or ion concentrations are presented. Thus, this paper can be used as a guide to the principles of programs calculating multiple ligand-ion solutions, to choosing the appropriate program for one's special requirements, and to preparing multiple ligand-ion solutions properly.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed1990

The development of computer programs to predict and minimise the effect of sample pyruvate on aspartate aminotransferase assays.

Some NADH-linked aspartate aminotransferase (AST) assay systems may produce significant errors due to endogenous pyruvate because the pre-incubation time employed is too short and/or because the reagent lactate dehydrogenase (LD) activity is inadequate. Such errors in patient specimens may go unnoticed if quality control materials themselves contain a low pyruvate concentration. A theory of pyruvate interference in AST assay is formulated and calculation programs are described which will allow a laboratory to assess whether their particular AST methods are likely to be subject to such interference and also to predict a way of removing any error thus identified.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗