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PubMed1989

[Chlamydia trachomatis in at-risk groups in legal abortion in the first trimester].

Examination for the presence of C. Trachomatis in the cervix and urethra and bacteriological examination of the cervix were performed in a material of 224 patients for legal abortion in the first trimester of pregnancy. Chlamydia was demonstrated in 8.9% of the patients, Neisseria gonorrhoeae in 0.5% and, in 41%, growth of Gardnerella vaginalis predominated. It proved possible to define a group at risk for the presence of Chlamydia consisting of all the patients under the age of 25 years and nulliparae aged 25-29 years. 17% in this group had positive Chlamydia tests as compared with 1.7% in the patients in other groups. Patients in the above mentioned risk group should be examined for C. trachomatis in cases of legal termination of pregnancy so that appropriate treatment can be administered prior to evacuation.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1989

[Infection of Chlamydia trachomatis and dysplasia lesions of the cervix uteri (CIN)].

With the aim of evaluating the correlation between dysplastic lesions of the uterine cervix associated or not with condylomatosis and Chlamydia T. infection, we carried out a serological study of anti-Chlamydia species-specific antibodies and a direct and/or a cultural investigation on a sample of 320 women who performed a Pap-test. The serological examination showed positivity (titer greater than or equal to 1:32) in 49 control subjects (with negative cytology) (23.7%); in 27 cases (43.5%) with actual diagnosis of condylomatosis/CIN associated or not with condylomatosis and in 28 cases (54.9%) with previous diagnosis of condylomatosis/CIN associated or not with condylomatosis. The cultural investigation did not show any significant difference among the groups above mentioned. Finally, the frequency of positive cases for anti-Chlamydia antibodies was estimated for each grade of actual or previous CIN: a greater frequency of positivity was noted in cases with CIN 3 (75%).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Chlamydia and pharyngotonsillitis in childhood].

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of Chlamydia trachomatis in pharyngeal infections in childhood. 200 children, aged 1 month to 12 years, with and without symptoms of pharyngitis were examined for CT. Swabs were taken from the oropharynx and tonsillar areas for direct fluorescent antibody assay. 12% of the patients and 4% of the control subjects were positive for CT. Group A Streptococcus was not isolated from any patient or control subject positive for CT. In positive cases we extended the research to relatives. The treatment for positive cases was erythromycin and it eradicated CT in 80% of our patients. A new strain of Chlamydia, called TWAR, showing cross-reactivity with CT, has been isolated. Therefore further research should be carried out to discover if micro-organisms considered CT up to now, do belong or not to TWAR strain. Long term studies in children will be helpful in further defining the role of Chlamydia, trachomatis or TWAR, as a cause of pharyngitis.

Child↗
PubMed1989

[Significance of the dose of josamycin in the treatment of chlamydia infected pregnant patients].

Erythromycin and josamycin are the antibiotics of choice in the treatment of pregnant women with Chlamydia infection. On the basis of differing recommendations in the literature regarding treatment period and dosage, two groups of pregnant women were treated with josamycin according to different dosage schedules: Group A: 170 patients treated with 2 x 500 mg daily for 12 days. Group B: 120 patients treated with 3 x 500 mg daily for 8 days. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. Non-responding patients were treated again with a similar dose. 17% of the patients in group A and 9.1% in group B were still positive for Chlamydia after the first course of treatment. After a second course, 13.6% of group A and none of group B showed positive controls. Failures of therapy after the first treatment course can be attributed to errors in dosage or re-infection, whereas failures after the second course must be due to bad compliance. Our results suggest that pregnant women with Chlamydia infection are most efficiently treated with high dosages of josamycin over a short period of time.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urethra of patients with urogenital infection].

Between January, 1984 and August 1986, we examined 151 male patients with urogenital infections including 114 cases of urethritis, 18 cases of epididymitis, 19 cases of prostatitis at the outpatient clinic of the department of urology, Toho University's Ohmori Hospital. The positive rate for Chlamydia trachomatis from the urethra based on cell cultures was 29.0%, (30.5% for urethritis, 27.8% for epididymitis, and 21.1% for prostatitis). The positive rate for non-gonorrheal urethritis was 33.0% and chlamydia infections were complicated by gonorrheal urethritis in 23.3% of the cases. The mean age of the patients with positive Chlamydia trachomatis was 31.9 years. The route of infection in 77.8% of the cases was sexual intercourse the most common cause of which was infection from a prostitute in 62.1% of the cases. The latent period was in most cases from 2-3 weeks.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Results of detection and early treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnancy].

The authors report and comment on the results of a prospective study of the usefulness of early treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnant women. The diagnosis is based on a serological examination carried out in the first trimester of pregnancy. 60 women were treated by antibiotics and they were compared with 51 women who were not treated. The two groups were statistically comparable. There was a significant drop in perinatal complications due to Chlamydia trachomatis. The difference was particularly significant as far as low birth weight and the incidence of conjunctivitis in the newborn was concerned. These results show how useful it is to carry out serological screening and early treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in producing abnormal movements by spermatozoa].

The authors analysed 100 sperm samples from asymptomatic patients and compared them with a control series of sperm donors who had been considered fertile by CECOS of Marseille or from men whose partners had conceived. They found Chlamydia trachomatis in 29% of the cases studied (P less than 0.0001). They found an abnormal movement of the sperm which they called the "Jerk Phenomenon" and which was found in 76% of cases (P less than 0.0001), where the culture for Chlamydia trachomatis was positive. This correlation does not change in association with other germs. Micro-cinematographic studies confirm the asthenospermic character of this movement. Since the sperm movements become normal after treatment with tetracycline one must consider that Chlamydia trachomatis can be an etiological agent for infertility in men.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Direct fluorescent antibody testing for endocervical Chlamydia trachomatis: factors affecting accuracy.

Endocervical swabbings obtained after two previous cleansing swabs from 202 women with indications for testing for genital chlamydial infection were evaluated for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis by culture and two direct fluorescent monoclonal antibody tests. In comparison with culture, the two direct fluorescent antibody tests showed sensitivities of 37.5 and 56.5% and specificities of 97.0 and 99.4% when read by experienced microbiology technologists recently trained in chlamydia direct fluorescent antibody interpretation and blinded to culture results. Overall sensitivities of 69.6 and 78.3% for the direct fluorescent antibody tests were obtained by an expert interpreter during discrepancy analysis. When only direct fluorescent antibody test specimens from the first swab after endocervical cleansing were considered, recently trained interpreters obtained sensitivities of 53.8 and 69.2%, and both direct fluorescent antibody tests were 100% sensitive for the expert interpreter. These data emphasize the critical importance of observer expertise and swab order to the accuracy of chlamydia direct fluorescent antibody tests. Previous studies of these tests are examined to determine how these factors and others may have influenced the outcome.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chlamydia trachomatis pneumonia in childhood. An underestimated problem?].

The study of infections due to Chlamydia trachomatis in children has advanced remarkably during the past ten years. It has been established that Chlamydia trachomatis is a major etiologic agent of conjunctivitis in newborns and genital infections among sexually active persons. Chlamydial pneumonia has come to be recognized as one of the most common forms of pneumonia during the first three months of life. The Authors reported a case of a child admitted to Bambino Gesù Hospital of Rome, affected by Chlamydia trachomatis afebrile pneumonia. The diagnosis was made on the basis of direct and indirect laboratory findings. The remarkable improvement in direct and indirect diagnostic techniques can help the clinicians in diagnostic and therapeutic evaluations.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1988

[The importance of tetracycline treatment of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infections: control with cervical smears].

Cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection is extremely common, crucial and sexually transmitted disease. In order to prevent from this disease an effective treatment is necessary. Tetracycline is an effective antimicrobial medicine for treatment of cervical Chlamydia trachomatis infection. In our study, after we had established the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis on the patient's cervical smear, Tetracycline was used for treatment. In control smear after treatment. Chlamydial intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and atypical cellular changes which we observed in the first smear were not seen.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1987

[Diagnosis of Chlamydia infections].

Tissue culture for Chlamydiae requires facilities that are not generally available, are costly and require 3 to 7 days for completion. With the introduction of specific monoclonal antibodies Chlamydia trachomatis can be recognized within 30 minutes. Therefore the direct specimen test should be performed as the method of choice. In complicated, ascending forms of the disease requiring special methods for sample collection (e.g. laparoscopy), serology may aid in the diagnosis of a Chlamydia trachomatis infection.

Chlamydia Infections↗
PubMed1988

[The role of Chlamydia trachomatis in the infectious etiology of extra-uterine pregnancy].

The study was carried out in two different hospital centres on a series of 55 women who had ectopic pregnancies compared with 2 control groups. The study concerned taking samples from cells in the pelvis to culture for Chlamydia trachomatis and to estimate the levels of anti-Chlamydia antibodies. The cultures were positive in 30% of the cases and the serology was positive in 52% of the cases. This difference is significant when compared with the control groups (p less than 0.001). There was no significant statistical difference as far as positive cultures were concerned between the groups of women who had or had not had previous tubal infertility or a history of salpingitis. It seems that Chlamydia trachomatis can itself therefore be a direct cause for the development of an ectopic pregnancy.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1987

[Epidemiological approach of the role of Chlamydiae in uveitis].

A serologic study on 48 uveitis cases is reported. Antibodies to Chlamydiae trachomatis are significantly more prevalent in acute anterior uveitis than in healthy controls or in other uveitis. This finding does not necessarily imply a direct pathogenic role for Chlamydiae in acute anterior uveitis. A common genetic predisposition to Chlamydia infection and acute anterior uveitis, with particular reference to H.L.A. B 27 antigen, is a more likely explanation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a young, sexually-active population.

A prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis among 1000 sexually-active women at the Family Planning Association Clinic in Melbourne. This organism was isolated from the cervices of 5.1% of screened women. The women were surveyed about their sexual and gynaecological history, and symptoms of discharge or pain. It was found that women who gave positive results for the presence of Chlamydia were younger, and had commenced intercourse at an earlier age. Risk factors of multiple sexual partners, cervical ectopy and symptoms of urethritis were identified. We recommend that women who have more than one sexual partner should ask their partners to use condoms or, failing this, undergo annual screening for Chlamydia by immunofluorescent staining.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

[Significance and problems of Chlamydia detection in urologic patients].

Chlamydiae represent the aetiological agent in non-gonococcal urethritis in about 50% of the cases, but it is also increasingly recognized that Chlamydia trachomatis can cause prostatitis or epididymitis. The introduction of methods for the direct detection of chlamydia in clinical materials allows early diagnosis and therefore effective antibiotic therapy. The new tests however give both false positive and false negative results.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Presence of anti-Chlamydia antibodies in healthy children].

The role of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children is not well known. It is established that Chlamydia trachomatis is a major etiology agent of conjunctivitis in newborns and pneumonia during the first 6 months of life but little is known about the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in children in early infancy particularly in the Italian pediatric population. Therefore the incidence of anti-Chlamydial trachomatis antibodies in 400 asymptomatic children have been determined. The incidence is 18.39% in babies from 0 to 12 months of age, 10.95% from 1 to 3 years, 19.44% from 4 to 6 years, 16.98% from 7 to 9 years, 31.37% from 10 to 12 years. The highest incidence lies among school-age children and might indicate a nonsexual route of chlamydial infection.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1985

Chlamydia trachomatis as a cause of prepubertal vaginitis.

Chlamydia trachomatis was encountered in four cases during the evaluation of 29 premenarchal girls with gynecologic complaints during 1983. Only one of the patients had antecedent infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The importance of using specific tests to actively establish a definite diagnosis of chlamydia is stressed. The susceptibility of the thin premenarchal vaginal mucosa to chlamydial infection is discussed as is the role of chlamydia as a marker for sexual abuse. Once a diagnosis of chlamydial rectogenital infection is established in a child, it is mandatory to investigate for child abuse and sexual molestation as the source of the infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effect on Chlamydia trachomatis infection of the murine genital tract of adoptive transfer of congenic immune cells or specific antibody.

Groups of progesterone-treated female CBA/nu mice were adoptively transferred with immune spleen cells or pooled antisera from congenic immunocompetent CBA donors that had been infected with a 'fast', human strain (SA-2f) of Chlamydia trachomatis. The spleen cells were given either intravenously (6.3 X 10(7) cells) or intraperitoneally (9.5 X 10(7) cells), and the antiserum (antibody titre 1:4096) was given intravenously. Strain SA-2f was introduced into the uterine cavity of these mice approximately 3 h after cell or antiserum transfer; antiserum was given also at intervals up to 23 days later. Untreated mice serving as controls were inoculated with chlamydiae in the same way. Subsequent recovery of chlamydiae from mice in the various groups indicated that transfer of cells or antiserum had not abrogated the chlamydial infections, despite high titres of chlamydial IgG antibody in the sera of all the recipient mice. These results confirm our earlier findings but are unlike those of some other investigators working with different mouse model systems. It seems that there are differences between systemic/respiratory immune mechanisms and those which operate locally in the uterus, which may be regarded as an immunologically privileged site.

Animals↗