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PubMed2003

Chernobyl 137Cs deposition in Austria: analysis of the spatial correlation of the deposition levels.

The semivariogram can provide a description of the spatial correlation of a variable that represents a continuous function of space co-ordinates. Therefore, it is not only useful to improve sampling strategies and validate the collected data, but it can also define the main parameters that are involved in most mapping algorithms. The spatial correlation may, however, change depending on the values of the variable, which is not without consequences on the quality of the maps of radioactive deposition. This work investigates the spatial correlation for different levels of 137Cs deposited in Austria. It is shown that low levels (< 5 kBq/m2) and high levels (> 40 kBq/m2) of radioactivity present less correlation in space than the mid-levels (5-40 kBq/m2). As a result, maps establishing the probabilities to be under or above a specific deposition threshold will have an uncertainty associated to the estimated values that is directly correlated to the different levels of radioactivity.

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PubMed2004

Simulating transport of non-Chernobyl (137)Cs and (90)Sr in the North Atlantic-Arctic region.

The spatial and temporal distributions of the anthropogenic radionuclides (137)Cs and (90)Sr, originating from nuclear bomb testing and the Sellafield reprocessing plants in the Irish Sea, are simulated using a global version of the Miami Isopycnic Coordinate Ocean Model (MICOM). The physical model is forced with daily atmospheric re-analysed fields for the period 1950 to present. Comparison of temporal evolution of observed and simulated concentrations of (137)Cs have been conducted for the regions east of Scotland, west of central Norway and at the entrance of the Barents Sea. It follows that the radionuclides from the Sellafield discharge reach the Barents Sea region after 4-5 years, in accordance with observations. The simulation provides a detailed distribution and evolution of the radionuclides over the integration time. For the Atlantic waters off the coast of Norway and in the southern Barents Sea, the atmospheric fallout dominates over the Sellafield release up to the mid 1960s and from the early 1990s, whereas Sellafield is the main source for the two radionuclides in the 1970s and 1980s. It is furthermore argued that model systems like the one presented here can be used for future prediction of radioactive contaminations in the Nordic Seas and the Arctic Ocean, for instance under various global warming scenarios.

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