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PubMed1991

[A study on characters of liver isoferritin].

The characters of liver isoferritin from Wistar rat, normal human and patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were studied. The ratio of iron to protein of liver isoferritin from patient with HCC were 0.021, which accounts for about one-twelfth of that of liver isoferritin from normal human. The molecular weights of liver isoferritin from normal human and the patient with HCC were 20.5 kd and 21.5 kd, respectively. The electrophoresis patterns of liver isoferritin from both Wistar rat and patient with HCC showed one band, but two bands from normal human. There was cross reaction in immunity among isoferritins from normal human liver, Wistar rat liver and horse spleen by double immunodiffusion. The PAGE patterns of liver isoferritin from different sources could be clearly differentiated. The data presented may serve as a good reference for further study of the relationship between the structure and function of ferritin and may be used practically in clinical medicine.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Grain-filling characters of different genotype winter wheat under nitrogen fertilization in semi-humid area of south Loess Plateau].

A field experiment was conducted in the south part of Loess Plateau with 632 mm precipitation each year. Three genotypes winter wheat 9430, Xiaoyan No. 6 and Shang188 were used as test materials to study their grain-filling characters under two nitrogen application levels (0 and 90 kg x hm(-2)). The results showed that genetic difference was the main factor affecting grain-filling characteristics, while nitrogen fertilization had a less effect. There were significant differences among genotypes in the duration of maximum grain filling rate (GFRmaxD), active grain-filling period (D), and the days reaching to the maximum grain-filling rate (GFRmaxGD). For Shang188, Xiaoyan No. 6 and 9430, the GFRmaxD was 17.20, 14.15 and 14.13 d, D was 29.00, 26.40 and 2688 d, and GFRmaxGD was 28.14, 23.90 and 23.89 d, respectively. All the parameters of Shang188 were significantly bigger than those of 9430 and Xiaoyan No. 6, while those of the latter two had no significant difference. There was an interaction between nitrogen fertilization and genotype, but the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the three parameters was relatively small. 1000 kernel weight had a significant positive correlation with GFRmaxD, GFRmaxGD and D, suggesting that the three parameters were the main factors affecting grain weight.

China↗
PubMed2006

[Relationships between population characters of Undinula vulgaris (Copepoda) and environment in the East China Sea].

Based on the data of four seasonal oceanographic censuses in 1997 approximately 2000 in the East China Sea (23 degrees 30' approximately 33 degrees N, 118 degrees 30' approximately 128 degrees E), this paper discussed the relationships between the ecological characters of natural Undinula vulgaris population and its environment in the Sea, with the data of 1979 approximately 1980 compared. The results showed that there was a very clear seasonal change of the dominance, abundance, and occurrence frequency of U. vulgaris, i.e.,autumn (0.09, 556 ind x 100 m(-3), 93.69%) >summer (0.03, 86 ind x 100 m(-3), 68.49%) >winter (0.02, 42 ind x 100 m(-3), 53.85%) >spring (0.01, 16 ind x 100 m(-3), 34.35%). As a dominant species of pelagic copepods in the Sea, U. vulgaris showed its predominance mainly in autumn. The percentage of U. vulgaris in the total abundance of pelagic copepods was 2.31% in spring, 4.80% in summer, 3.80% in winter, and 9.90% in autumn, while its occurrence frequency was the highest in autumn and the lowest in winter. Comparing the results of this study with the data of 1979 approximately 1980, the importance of U. vulgaris in pelagic copepods in the Sea was decreased in spring, summer and autumn, but increased in winter, which might be related with the global warming in winter. The main environmental factors affecting U. vulgaris abundance were the bottom water factors that closely related with the warm current in the ocean. Because of its sensibility to low temperature and coastal water mass, U. vulgaris could be used as a good indicator of warm current, and, as a good food for fishes, this species plays an important role in marine fishing in the middle-south part of the East China Sea.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Residues and distribution character of organochlorine pesticides in stream sediments in southwestern suburb of Nanjing].

Sediments and water samples were collected from different cross sections of 4 tributaries of Yangtze River in southwestern suburb of Nanjing city in spring 2004, and agricultural soil sample were collected also in those valleys. The residues and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from different streams were determined and the influence of soil character on organochlorine pesticides residues in sediments were studied. Result showed that accumulation of HCHs and DDTs occured significantly in the sediments and related to soil erosion. Residues of organochlorine pesticides in sediments may be influenced obviously by pH of agricultural soil in the valleys. In the alkaline soil, organic matters could be leached easily and entered the stream water and accumulated into sediments, resulting in accumulation of organochlorine pesticides adsorbed on soil organic matters in sediments. In the transfer process of materials from soil to water and sediment, constitutes of organochlorine pesticides in multiphase environmental medium were changed; usually those components easily leached from soils had higher residue levels in sediments. Meanwhile, sedimentation of soil in streams could reduce OCPs input to the Yangtze River.

China↗
PubMed2006

Delimiting species: comparing methods for Mendelian characters using lizards of the Sceloporus grammicus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae) complex.

Species form the fundamental units of analysis in many areas of biology and, therefore, rigorous delimitation of this unit is important to a broad array of researchers. Recently, many new empirical methods have been proposed to delimit species in nature, and a large literature exists on the theoretical merit and superiority of each method. However, few empirical studies actually compare the results of these methods applied in the same study system. We used a large allozyme and chromosome dataset to apply a number of genetic-distance, character-based, and tree-based methods to a well-studied, data-rich system: the Sceloporus grammicus lizard complex of central Mexico. We hypothesized species boundaries under a general lineage or evolutionary species conceptual framework in an a priori fashion using mapped restriction-site data (mitochondrial DNA and nuclear rDNA), allozymes, and morphology. We then compared the ability of different methods to recover the "hypothesized evolutionary species" (HES). Highton's genetic-distance method and a tree-based method consistently recovered all four HES, although sometimes with weak support. With two exceptions, other methods recovered the same HES, but additional groups were weakly delimited and nested within the HES. Given the apparent recent divergence of some of the chromosome races and distinct populations in this complex, these are encouraging results. We emphasize the value of specifying testable criteria as clearly as possible and testing these with methods that make use of different properties of a single dataset.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Photosynthetic characters and fluorescence parameters of different grape stocks under water stress].

The study showed that water stress decreased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), Tr transpiration rate (Tr), maximum fluorescence (Fm), ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and actual activities of PS II (phiPS II), but increased the minimal fluorescence (Fo). The alterations of test parameters differed with grape stocks. Under adequate water supply and mild water stress, the Pn of 3309C was higher than that of 1103P and 420A, while the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of these three stocks changed a little. Under moderate water stress,the Pn of 1103P was higher than that of 420A and 3309C,the Fo of 3309C increased by 17.1% while Fv/Fm decreased by 8.5%, and the Fo of 1103P increased by 6.8% while Fv/Fm decreased by 5.8%. Under severe water stress,the Pn of 1103P was the highest (5.6 micromol x m(-2) x s(-1)), which was 24% higher than that of 3309C, and the water use efficiency of 1103P was about 1.95 times as high as that of 3309C. The Fo of 3309C increased by 36.2% while Fv/Fm decreased by 20.1%, and the Fo of 1103P increased by 9. 9% while Fv/Fm decreased by 10.2%. It was implied that there was a close correlation between drought-resistance and the alteration of photosynthetic characters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, of which, the correlation index of Fv/Fm and Pn was the highest (r = 0.9883).

Agriculture↗
PubMed2006

[The dynamics of microorganism populations and fermentation characters of co-cultures of rumen fungi and cellulolytic bacteria on different substrates].

In vitro co-culture technique and DGGE were used to investigate the dynamics of microorganism populations and fermentation characters of co-cultures of rumen fungi and cellulolytic bacteria at different substrates (concentrate to crude ratio in treatment A to E was all rice straw, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 and all corn, respectively). The results showed that, compared with Oh, fungal population density at 24h increased in treatment B and C, but decreased in treatment A and D, and no fungi was detected in treatment E; but cellulolytic bacteria population at 24h increased with the increasing of concentrate to crude ratio. At the end of 48h fermentation, no fungi were detected in all treatments; cellulolytic bacteria population increased from treatment A to treatment C, but decreased from treatment D. DGGE results showed that samples collected in treatment A, B and C had similar DGGE patterns with about 11 dominant bands, but dominant bands in treatment D and E decreased markedly compared to treatments A, B and C. With the increasing of concentrate to crude ratio, pH value of the co-culture decreased dramatically (P < 0.05). During the fermentation periods, acetate was the major VFA in co-culture, the acetate to propionate ratio decreased from treatment A to treatment C, but increased from treatment D. With the increasing of concentrate to crude ratio, the total VFA at 48h increased from treatment A to treatment C, and then decreased. At the end of 48h fermentation, CMCase activity and xylanase activity were highest in treatment A. alpha-Amylase activity increased from treatment A to treatment D, but treatment E was the lowest in all treatments.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Exploration on the common characters of sub-healthy people based on clinical epidemiology].

OBJECTIVE: To study the common characters of sub-healthy people. METHODS: Questionnaire of clinical epidemiological investigation was adopted in the sub-healthy people. RESULTS: The commonest symptoms and their frequency in sub-healthy people were fatigue 78.7%, poor quality of sleep 73.4%, amnesia 59.9%, fatigue irrelievable after rest 59.1%, dry throat 59.0%, dizziness 58.6%, dry and xerotic eyes 58.3%, ache with distension eyes 57.8%, ache 56.4%, early awakening 52.7%, difficulty in falling asleep 52.5%, irritability 51.8%, etc. The commonest risk factors were lack of relaxation 60.4%, lack of physical exercise 58.0%, working with frequent extra shifts 56.7%, air pollution 56.2%, noise pollution 51.3%, etc. The commonest syndrome types in sub-healthy people were insufficiency of Pi-qi type 10.2%, Gan-qi stagnation and Pi deficiency type 10.1%, deficiency of Xin and Pi type 9.7 %, retention of dampness due to Pi-deficiency type 7.4% and qi deficiency type 4.2%, et al. CONCLUSION: The commonest symptoms in sub-healthy people are fatigue, poor quality of sleep, amnesia, irrelievable fatigue after taking rest, dry throat, dizziness, dry and xeritic eyes, ache with distension in eyes, ache, early awakening, difficulty in falling asleep, irritability, etc. The commonest risk factors are lack of relaxation and physical exercise, working with frequent shift, air and noise pollution. The commonest syndromes of sub-healthy people are insufficiency of Pi-qi type, Gan qi stagnation and Pi deficiency type, deficiency of Xin and Pi type, retention of dampness due to Pi deficiency type, qi deficiency type. These provides evidence for prevention and treatment of sub-health with TCM.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

[Comparison of color character of VITA shade guide and the custom shade guide].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the color character of VITA shade guide and the custom shade guide with metal substrate. METHODS: Color of 9 sites of 5 series of VITA shade guides and custom shade guides with metal substrate were measured by means of PR-650 spectrophotometer. RESULTS: The color range of VITA shade guide were that L* was 56.86-73.86, a* was-1.29-3.69, b* was 7.09-21.94, and the transparence was 3.20-7.59. The color range of the custom shade guide was that L* was 60.59-78.54, a* was -1.09-4.99, b* was 7.60-22.35, and the transparence was 0.23-10.98. L*, a* and b* of the custom shade guide with metal substrate were higher than VITA shade guide, and the transparence was differet. The color difference of homonymy shade tab between custom shade guide and VITA shade guide was larger than 1.5 NBS. CONCLUSION: There is color difference between VITA shade guide and custom shade guide. Metal substrate has effects on the color of cero-metal prosthesis, and color selection in clinic should be carefully considered.

Color↗
PubMed2006

[Distribution characters and affecting factors of Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in acid forest soils].

By using principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression, this paper studied the distribution characters and their affecting factors of Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in acid forest soils in southern and southwestern China. The monitoring data from 2000 to 2002 showed that in most cases, the Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil moisture was lower than assumed critical value 1.0, indicating that significant aluminum toxicity to vegetation was not occurred in the study regions. PLS regression suggested that soil aluminum saturation (AlS) was the dominant factor affecting the Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil A horizon. Higher AlS led to a higher Al(i)/ (Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil moisture. Despite of its lower acid deposition, Liuxihe basin had a higher Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil A horizon than other catchments, mainly due to its higher AIS. In deeper soil horizons (B1, B2 and BC), the inorganic aluminum (Al(i)) in soil moisture was the main factor affecting Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. Higher inorganic aluminum concentration resulted in higher Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio. In each of study catchments, the vertical distribution of Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio was basically identical with the distribution of inorganic aluminum (Al(i)) through soil profile. It was concluded that soil aluminum saturation was the main factor controlling the regional variation of Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in soil moisture, and the vertical distribution of soil Al(i)/(Ca + Mg) molar ratio in each site was mainly due to the vertical change of inorganic aluminum in soil moisture.

Acids↗
PubMed2006

[Voice change and acoustic character of essential voice tremor].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the voice change and acoustic character of essential voice tremor. METHOD: Observations and acoustic studies were performed about clinical manifestations and voice of 18 patients with essential voice tremor. RESULT: In 18 patients with essential voice tremor, female accounts for 72% (13/18 cases). The mean age at tremor onset was 57 years old . And 8900 of them had no neurologic abnormalities. The clinical manifestation includes voice tremor, dysphonia, even frequent voice interruption. The laryngeal body happens to regular tremor in automatically. Bilateral vocal cords, ventricular cords and arytenoid cartilages also tremble regularly open and closed, together with the tremor of voice-producing organs(soft palate, tongue and lateral pharyngeal wall). The frequency of voice tremor is 4-6 Hz. The acoustic analysis characteristics of voice is the obvious increasing of Shimmer, presenting the specific change of the parameters such as soft phonation index (SPI), degree of voiceless (DUV), degree of voice breaks (DVB), FO tremor intensity index (FTRI) and Amplitude Tremor Intensity Index (ATRI). CONCLUSION: The voice change of essential voice tremor is a kind of regular tremor with low frequency. For the severe patients, it shows dysphonia and frequent voice interruption.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2006

[Soil microbial characters under different vegetation communities in taihang mountain area].

This paper measured the numbers and biomass of soil microbes as well as the soil respiration rate under mixed coniferous--broadleaved forest, mixed coniferous forest, pure coniferous forest, pure deciduous broadleaved forest, shrubs, and bare land in Taihang Mountain area, aimed to evaluate the soil microbial characters under different vegetation communities in this area. The results showed that shrub land had the greatest numbers and biomass of soil microbes, followed by deciduous broadleaved forestland, mixed coniferous--broadleaved forestland, pure coniferous forestland, and bare land. Soil respiration rate had the similar trend. When restoring the vegetations on degraded mountain land, more attention should be paid to the natural restoration capability of forest ecosystems.

China↗
PubMed2006

[Screening strains for Trichoderma spp. for strong antagonism against ginseng root pathogens and study on their biological characters].

OBJECTIVE: To screen the Trichodenna spp. for strong antagonist against ginseng root pathogens. METHOD: The biological characters of ten Trichoderma strains were compared by culturing on different media. And their antagonistic activity against Phytophthora cactorum, Cylindrocarpon destructans and Rhizoctonia solani were measured on PDA. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: Tv04-2 and Th3080 showed a good growth on soil solution medium and PDA, and also showed high inhibitory efficacy to the three pathogens. The two Trichoderma strains showed different growth rate under light conditions and pH. Trichoderma strains were sensitive to most fungicides used in ginseng root disease controlling, however Tv04-2 was not sensitive to the fungicide Junchong Jueba.

Ascomycota↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The relationship between the level of hypophyseal adrenocorticotropic activity and the character of the tissue distribution of exogenously labeled ACTH].

Experiments were conducted on rats--intact, adrenalectomized and dexamethasone-treated; a study was made of the dynamics of incorporation into the kidneys, liver, adrenal glands, the thyroid gland and elmination from the blood plasma of iodated corticotropine of the hypophysis (Hum-ACTHid-28, Richter). It was revealed that the character of incorporation and elimination of the exogenous labeled ACTH depended on the state of the adrenocorticotropic activity of the hypophysis of the recipient rats. The period of semielimination of the iodated corticotropin of the hypophysis from the blood plasma of intact rats constituted 11.2 minutes. The hormone was not included into the parenchyma of the adrenal cortex. The rate of excretion through the kidney and catabolism in the liver of labeled ACTH increased with elevation of the level of endogenous ACTH in the blood. The period of semiexcretion of ACTH-I131 from the blood plasma of adrenalectomized animals constuted 6.4 min. With decrease of the level of endogenous ACTH in the blood due to the block of the hypophyseal secretion with decamethasone elimination of exogenous labeled hormone from the circulation was markedly retarded T1/2 = 17 min). Under these conditions ACTH-I131 was incorporated into the tissue of the adrenal cortex for 9 min. A conclusions was drawn that the period of semielimination of the exogenous iodated ACTH could be used as a criterion for the assessment of the adrenocorticotropic activity of the hypophysis of the animals-recipients.

Adrenal Cortex↗
PubMed1991

Demonstration of the genuine iso-12p character of the standard marker chromosome of testicular germ cell tumors and identification of further chromosome 12 aberrations by competitive in situ hybridization.

The recently developed competitive in situ hybridization (CISH) strategy was applied to the analysis of chromosome 12 aberrations in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). DNAs from two rodent-human somatic cell hybrids, containing either a normal chromosome 12 or the p arm of chromosome 12 as their unique human material, were used as probes. Our results demonstrate a genuine iso-12p character of the standard marker chromosome in TGCTs. Moreover, variant markers were identified representing translocation products that also involve chromosome 12.

Chromosome Aberrations↗
PubMed1991

[Studies on the strain differences of Schistosoma japonicum in the mainland of China. IV. Fuzzy cluster analysis on some biological characters of different isolates of Schistosoma japonicum].

In this paper, a computerized numerical systematics was used to analyse the 5 different isolates of Schistosoma japonicum in the mainland of China by means of fuzzy clustering method with 32 quantitative data of each isolate about the morphological and biological characters. A dendrogram of the 5 isolates of S. japonicum was constructed on the basis of similarity coefficients as shown. The phylogenetic relationships revealed by the present study show that the two isolates of Anhui and Hubei get together firstly in one group, then the isolates of both Yunnan and Guangxi gather in another group, while the Sichuan isolate is closely related to the group of Anhui-Hubei isolates, not to the Yunnan ones, although both Sichuan and Yunnan isolates were in the southwest China.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Character of metabolism and regulating role of cholinoreactive tissue systems during hypercapnia, hypoxia and cooling].

The content of the free fatty acids, ketone bodies, total glycogen, glucose, adrenaline and noradrenaline and morpho-histochemical picture of the tissues of neuro-endocrinal system (hypophysis and adrenal) in the brain, heart, liver, skeletal muscles and blood of the white non-linear rats, were studied 2-3 min adaptation to complex atmosphere changes: gradual increase of the CO2, decrease of the O2, and cooling (in the condition of deep hypothermia the rectal temperature was--RT--19.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C). The same parameters were studied in 48 hrs after the same training (at normothermia) and in 2-3 min. after the same repeated training in 48 hrs after the first one, at RT--20.2 +/- 0.1 degrees C. The fluctuating character of the metabolism and of the regulating systems was shown.

Acetoacetates↗
PubMed1991

Has the character of gastric cancer changed? A descriptive study of a 10-year period.

Over the 10-year period January 1976-December 1985, 446 patients with histologically verified adenocarcinoma of the stomach were treated at Tygerberg Hospital. Coloured patients made up 63.4% of the study population and a significant increase in the annual proportion of this group was observed. Coloured men comprised 47.6% of the total group. The mean age of white and coloured patients differed significantly (68.9 v. 56.5; P less than 0.001). The symptom complex was essentially similar in the two racial groups and in general the character of the symptoms had no bearing on the prevalence of resection. Although antral tumours were most common in whites and in coloureds, there was a significant increase in tumours located in the fundus in whites. The resection rate remained unchanged over the 10-year period. Only 4 cases of early gastric cancer were detected during this period without any signs of an increased yield of early lesions over time. This audit revealed no beneficial changes over time, which is in stark contrast with reports from Japan regarding the proportion of curable lesions.

Adenocarcinoma↗