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PubMed1980

The effect of topical l-epinephrine on regional ocular blood flow in monkeys.

A 25 microliter volume of a 1-% l-epinephrine borate solution applied on the cornea of one eye in 12 monkeys reduced blood flow through the iris and the ciliary body by 59% and 20%, respectively, compared to the untreated control eyes. In the ciliary body the main effect was in the ciliary processes. Blood flow was determined with the labeled microsphere method 1, 4, and 6 hr after application of the drug. The average blood flow reductions were of the same order in the three groups, indicating a duration of at least 6 hr. No effect on blood flow through the retina or the choroid was observed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

Metabolic sequelae of experimental leptospirosis in grivet monkeys.

Leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi both induced mild subclinical infections in grivet monkeys. The activities in serum of lactate dehydrogenase, alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and creatine phosphokinase and the level of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin increased in a few days after infection. Concomitant decreases in serum iron levels were observed in some cases. These changes occurred in the absence of any observable clinical signs though there were histopathological lesions in some organs. No haematological changes or alterations in other sreum components were detected.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1980

Benign leptospirosis: the pathology of experimental infection of monkeys with Leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi.

Grivet monkeys experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovars balcanica and tarassovi showed no clinical disease, but severe meningoencephalitis was demonstrated histologically in animals killed 26 and 33 days after infection. The meningeal and perivascular reactions were exclusively lymphocytic. Mild focal lesions of degeneration and cellular infiltration were also present in the kidneys and femoral musculature.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Chromosomal phylogeny of forty-two species or subspecies of cercopithecoids (Primates Catarrhini).

After comparison of the chromosomes of 42 species or subspecies belonging to Cercopithecinae, Papioninae and Colobidae, a phylogeny based on the sequence of chromosomal rearrangements is proposed for Cercopithecoidea. From their last common ancestor, which possessed 46 chromosomes, a trifurcation gave 3 branches, very unequal as regards chromosomal rearrangements. One, very short, leads to Papioninae. Another, still poorly known, leads to Colobidae. The last branch leads to a further bifurcation, separating 2 groups of Cercopithecinae, with underwent the most active chromosomal evolution. A tentative to reconcile chromosomal, biochemical and morphological data is presented for Papioninae, for which chromosome study alone is not sufficient to construct a cladogram.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges in cultured African green monkey cells].

The frequencies of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were studied in primary kidney cell culture, diploid cell line 5018, pseudodiploid spontaneously transformed cell line 4647 and hypotetraploid cell line 455 of the African green monkey. Bromodeoxyuridine was used at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml. The slides were stained with acridine orange and Giemsa for sister chromatid differentiation. In the first three cases, SCE were scored in 100 metaphases of each culture. The distribution of cells from the number of SCE differs from the normal law and was approximated fairly well by the lognormal distribution pattern. The geometrical means of SCE per cell were 6.90 for cells in primary culture, 9.26 for cells of diploid line 5018; 4.50 for cells of pseudodiploid transformed line 4647 and 9.76 for cells of hypotetraploid transformed line 455.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Evolutionary significance of reciprocal biological effects of form and function using the example of the scapula in higher primates. 1].

The shoulder-blades of 99 catarrhine primates were investigated metrically and morphologically. In order to obtain comparable data, each analysed shoulder-blade was orientated in the same way in a 3-dimensional coordinate system. With the help of a diopthograph, the 3 planes were drawn without distorsion. On these planes the dimensions and angles were measured. These method produced the advantages of taking homologues data as well as of being able to compare the morphological data and its variability. Within the catarrhine primates, the area of the scapula (Fossa infra- and supraspinata) correlates highly significant with the body weight. Regarding the proportions and dimensions of the area of the scapula, there is no difference between the gibbons and the monkeys, regarding the dimensions, proportions and angles of the processes (acromion and coracoid) as well as the vertebral border of the scapula, the gibbons are close to the great apes. The areas of the shoulder-blades of the monkeys, where the shoulder stabilizing muscles originates, are fundamentally equal to each other. Whether body weight nor locomotion have an essential influence on its shape and structure (excl. Mandrillus). On the other hand, the variability of the joint area is considered and the processes are small. The gibbons, the great apes, and men are highly variable regarding the dimensions and the proportions of the area of the shoulder-blades. Regarding the dimensions, proportions, and angles of the acromion and the coracoid, where the shoulder joint stabilizing muscles originate, as well as the vertebral border, there are no fundamental differences between them and the processes are large and robuste.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in vervet monkeys. I. Parasitologic, hematologic, immunologic and histologic results.

Twenty vervet monkeys infected with T. rhodesiense (Eatro 1989) developed chronic disease with an average duration of 65 days (variation 35-107 days). With respect to the course of the disease, and to the hematologic, immunologic and histological findings, the disease faithfully mirrored human T. rhodesiense infection. In all animals, parasitization of the CSF occurred only a few weeks after infection, and was accompanied by an increase in the cell count and the appearance of IgM in the CSF. The main histopathological feature was severe pancarditis which was responsible for death in almost all animals. Chronic leptomeningitis resulted as histological substrate of the early parasitosis of the CSF. In most animals meningitis was accompanied by a mitigated encephalitic early reaction characterized by sparse lymphoplasmocytic infiltrates, exclusively of the cerebral vessels, with a predilection for the base of the brainstem and the neighbourhood of the ventricles. Autonomous meningoencephalitis with parasites in the brain tissue was found in only one animal (with the longest survival period of 107 days). In view of the regular parasitosis of the CSF, T. rhodesiense infection of the vervet monkey may be considered a suitable animal model for the assessment of the liquor "uptake" of trypanocidal drugs.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense infection in vervet monkeys. II. Provocation of the encephalitic late phase by treatment of infected monkeys.

Four out of 8 monkeys infected with Trypanosoma rhodesiense and treated with trypanocidal drugs at various intervals after infection (days 55-58, days 62-65, day 68) developed encephalitis. In 2 of these animals, killed 2 weeks after treatment, the encephalitis presenting was incipient; the other 2 monkeys died as a result of severe encephalitis a little more than 2 and 3 months after treatment, respectively. At the time of treatment, the animals revealed a parasitization of the CSF, but there were no clinical or neurological signs of any involvement of the central nervous system. The observations confirm observations made in human trypanosomiasis, and in experiments on rodents, which indicate that the encephalitic late phase may result from inadequate treatment. These observations may indicate that the encephalitis of the late phase may be methodologically provoked by infection and subliminal treatment after parasitization of the CSF, and that this procedure may be more promising of success than the method of infection only, as a method for the production of an animal model of the encephalitic late phase.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The effect of praziquantel on Schistosoma haematobium, S. japonicum and S. mansoni in primates.

Baboons infected with S. haematobium and vervet monkeys infected with S. japonicum were treated orally with different dosage regimens of 2-cyclohexylcarbonyl-1,2,3,6,7,11b-hexahydro-4H-pyrazino[2,1-a]isoquinolin-4-on e(praziquantel, EMBAY 8440, Biltricide) and were autopsied and perfused 3--4 months after treatment. The results suggest that a single oral dose of 75--100 mg/kg body weight is likely to be effective against S. haematobium in the baboon. Female worms of S. haematobium are apparently more susceptible to the compound than male worms. The classic hepatic shift of adult schistosomes was observed in all the primates, but histopathological studies showed that numerous worms also died in situ, only a few being found in the lungs. The results obtained with praziquantel against S. japonicum in the vervet monkey show that a complete cure was obtained in the animal given 50 mg/kg on five consecutive days. A predominant characteristic in the pathology of the animals given a curative dose of praziquantel was the total resolution of cellular reaction and fibrosis in the tissues containing known numbers of dead residual eggs. In the baboons infected with S. haematobium, the ureters and bladders had recovered their functional integrity and in the vervet monkeys infected with S. japonicum, a similar resolution of pathology in the liver and bowel was apparent.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of new continuous cultures of green monkey cells used in virology].

Three continuous lines of green monkey embryo cell cultures were developed. One of them is widely used in practical and theoretical virological studies due to modest cultural requirements and high sensitivity of many viruses. From the study of the characteristics of green monkey continuous cell lines it is concluded that some additional controls are necessary for green monkey diploid cell strains to be used in viral vaccines production.

Animals↗