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PubMed2004

Symptom outcomes after endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for individual symptoms, medication use, and related factors in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). DESIGN: Nonrandomized, prospective, clinical trial. INTERVENTIONS: Adult patients with medically refractory CRS were examined before ESS with the Rhinosinusitis Symptom Inventory to catalog major and minor symptoms, medication use, physician visits, and missed workdays due to CRS. After a minimum 6-month follow-up after ESS, patients were examined to determine response to therapy. After computation of Rhinosinusitis Symptom Inventory domains, comparisons were conducted and effect sizes were computed for the change in symptoms after surgery. RESULTS: One hundred adults completed the examination, with a mean follow-up of 19.0 months. Before surgery, the mean major symptom scores ranged from 2.5 to 3.5 (Likert scale, from 0 [symptom absent] to 5 [maximum severity]) and the minor symptom scores ranged from 0.8 to 2.8. After surgery, statistically significant decreases in major and minor symptoms were noted (P<.001 for all). The largest effect sizes were noted for the decreases in facial pressure, congestion, nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea, and headache (absolute value of effect size >0.85 for all). Similarly, large effect sizes were noted for decreases in symptoms in the nasal (-1.30), facial (-1.13), and total (-1.25) symptom domains of the Rhinosinusitis Symptom Inventory. Medication use actually increased for topical nasal corticosteroids, but decreased for prescription antihistamines. A mean reduction of 1.1 antibiotic courses (mean decrease of 2.3 weeks taking antibiotics) was noted after ESS. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic sinus surgery provides significant symptom relief for the nasal and facial symptoms associated with CRS. Patients will often still require topical nasal corticosteroids for the management of their CRS, but can expect decreases in antibiotic requirements after ESS.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

A clinical trials database as a research tool in health care.

OBJECTIVE: The rapid, efficient, and accurate communication of clinical research findings to both clinicians and researchers is essential to the process of improving medical care. This information should be conveyed in a form that facilitates the interpretation of the complete body of research on a specific condition. Unfortunately, the prevailing system for dissemination of clinical research fails to meet these criteria. This paper proposes a system for cataloging clinical trials and communicating their results in a comprehensive and comprehensible format. METHOD: The system involves the use of a hierarchical matrix structure that allows for the selection and evaluation of related groups of clinical trials. The format of the data is tailored to the requirements of metaanalysis. RESULTS: An example is presented using the treatment of acute Crohn's disease and including a sample metaanalysis of immunosuppressive therapy for this condition. CONCLUSIONS: The hierarchical matrix structure in conjunction with a comprehensive database of clinical trials holds the potential to facilitate access to and interpretation of clinical research.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

What's the use in getting mad? Anger and instrumentality in women's relationships.

In two studies, we examined women's anger expression and its instrumental function in relationships by addressing the following questions: What is the relationship between women's self-reports of instrumentality and their perceived styles of anger expression? In what ways and situations do women see their anger expression as instrumental or goal enhancing? In Study I, we expected that women's perceived styles of anger expression would be positively related to instrumentality, as measured with the Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ; Spence, Helmreich, & Stapp, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 4, 43, 1974). Although our hypothesis was not supported, a positive relationship did emerge between assertiveness and instrumentality, as predicted. In Study II, we conducted three focus group discussions to elucidate women's experiences of anger and to provide clarification for the results of Study I. We identified group themes related to when women experienced their anger expression as instrumental as well as when women perceived themselves as noninstrumental in anger-arousing situations. In their narratives, women explained how they make decisions about expressing their anger based on relationship concerns.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The (in)visible gender of old age in the knowledge of nursing].

It is a bibliographical study in which the scientific production of Nursing regarding Women in Old Age was surveyed. The study was based on the Catalog of Dissertations and Theses from the CD-ROM of the Center for Studies and Research on Nursing (CEPEn) of the Brazilian Nursing Association (ABEn), from 1979 to 1999. It was aimed at getting to know the deviations and/or approximations in the knowledge of Nursing by way of the object of study of the Ph.D. thesis 'Health practice and knowledge of old women in the gender perspective'. It was found out that old women have been investigated in few studies. In addition, the objects of these investigations have strongly deviated from gender issues, demonstrating the sexless aspect of old age and the denial of women's social roles.

Academic Dissertations as Topic↗
PubMed1988

CAPA--Computer Aided Pesticide Analysis. Computer program for the automated evaluation of chromatographic data for residue analysis of foods.

Pesticide residue analysis in food by means of gas chromatography with columns of different polarity and several selective detectors provides the analyst with a great number of chromatographic data. The introduction of personal computer based chromatographic data systems into research laboratories increased the efficiency of information management and organization; user designed software packages now have direct access to the stored data. The computer program CAPA (Computer Aided Pesticide Analysis) was developed for the interpretation and evaluation of chromatographic results. The program is written in TURBO PASCAL 3.0 and consists of several subprograms. In the main database all pesticides are filed in a multidimensional structure. The various subprograms have access to this catalog of retention and response data. Using the subprogram INTERPRET, which is the core of CAPA, the analyst is provided with all information necessary to interpret a gas chromatogram: identification of calibrated pesticides and estimation of their concentration. Automated screening analyses can be evaluated with the subprogram AUTOINTERPRET, an automated of INTERPRET that uses all relevant information stored in the data base. A report is produced containing the pesticides found in the sample and proposals how to confirm them best with the equipment and methods available. Finally the analyst has to make the decision about the probable presence and quantity of the indicated pesticides and to project the next confirmatory step by using INTERPRET.

Autoanalysis↗
PubMed2005

Comparative study of apoptosis-related gene loci in human, mouse and rat genomes.

Many genes are involved in mammalian cell apoptosis pathway. These apoptosis genes often contain characteristic functional domains, and can be classified into at least 15 functional groups, according to previous reports. Using an integrated bioinformatics platform for motif or domain search from three public mammalian proteomes (International Protein Index database for human, mouse, and rat), we systematically cataloged all of the proteins involved in mammalian apoptosis pathway. By localizing those proteins onto the genomes, we obtained a gene locus centric apoptosis gene catalog for human, mouse and rat. Further phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the apoptosis related gene loci are conserved among these three mammals. Interestingly, about one-third of apoptosis gene loci form gene clusters on mammal chromosomes, and exist in the three species, which indicated that mammalian apoptosis gene orders are also conserved. In addition, some tandem duplicated gene loci were revealed by comparing gene loci clusters in the three species. All data produced in this work were stored in a relational database and may be viewed at http://pcas.cbi.pku.edu.cn/database/apd.php.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Identification and origin of Brazilian journals related to public or collective health issues, published from 1998 to 2003].

The diversity of contents regarding Brazilian scientific journals related to public or collective health reflects peculiar aspects of this field's reach and its interfaces with several other fields. A bibliometric survey was conducted with five databases, including catalogs and sites, aimed at identifying journals related to the public/collective health field and published from 1998 to 2003, while identifying the geographic location of the respective institutions. A total of 118 titles were initially identified, subsequently reduced to 83 journals when indicators of these bases were confronted and matched, 66 of which were published in the last five years. Some 57.6% of the institutions responsible for these journals are located in the Southeast of Brazil; 16.7% in the South; 13.6% in the Central West; 10.6% in the Northeast; and 1.5% in the North. The results are displayed in a summary chart according to journal title, ISSN, name of the institution in charge, and respective regional location.

Bibliometrics↗
PubMed2006

CellCircuits: a database of protein network models.

CellCircuits (http://www.cellcircuits.org) is an open-access database of molecular network models, designed to bridge the gap between databases of individual pairwise molecular interactions and databases of validated pathways. CellCircuits captures the output from an increasing number of approaches that screen molecular interaction networks to identify functional subnetworks, based on their correspondence with expression or phenotypic data, their internal structure or their conservation across species. This initial release catalogs 2019 computationally derived models drawn from 11 journal articles and spanning five organisms (yeast, worm, fly, Plasmodium falciparum and human). Models are available either as images or in machine-readable formats and can be queried by the names of proteins they contain or by their enriched biological functions. We envision CellCircuits as a clearinghouse in which theorists may distribute or revise models in need of validation and experimentalists may search for models or specific hypotheses relevant to their interests. We demonstrate how such a repository of network models is a novel systems biology resource by performing several meta-analyses not currently possible with existing databases.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Comments on the impossible concept of schizophrenia (author's transl)].

Schizophrenia is an impossible concept. Under this heading, a number of psychoses is being grouped which have the common characteristic that the patient is, as a rule, but by no means always, fully conscious. In all other respects, no other points agree, neither in respect of symptoms, nor in respect of etiology or prognosis. Hence, there are hardly any reasons to reduce these disease patterns to a common denominator, either as "schizophrenia" or as a "group of schizophrenic psychoses". Rather, it seems more probable that schizophrenic psychoses are individual disease patterns, instead of being variations of a basic type. What is principally needed at this stage, is a fair amount of empirical research to catalog the concept of schizophrenia. Such a catalog would have to be based on exactly defined and described syndromes to enable further study whether there are any other points besides these symptoms which characterize the syndrome in question, such as etiology, pathogenetic factors, course, or response treatment. The more characteristics are found, the greater the chance that the disease pattern under investigation is really a unit by itself. In the course of these studies, and in order to avoid terminological confusion, it is advisable to use, for the time being, the term "schizophrenic psychoses", under the condition that in each concrete case this term must be supplemented by a careful typification of the symptomatology, of the etiologic factors, and of the course of the disease.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed1980

Continuities in community-based psychiatric epidemiology.

Based on data gathered in 1952, the Stirling County (Canada) Study estimated that 20% of a general population needed psychiatric attention. The study used DSM-I as a catalog of qualitatively different kinds of disorders. However, the manual was adapted in light of several inadequacies and special needs that relate to community-based epidemiology. These modifications resemble some of the features that are embodied in DSM-III. It is suggested that the frame of reference for this early study has not become out of date. With certain improvements that follow on the model provided by DSM-III, an updated frame of reference is given as the foundation for future reporting of longitudinal cohort and repeated representative sample studies in Stirling County. DSM-III is superior to its predecessors as a manual for community research. Nevertheless, the use of comparable diagnostic approaches makes it possible to trace continuities between early and recent studies.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1966

Topics in library technology: labeling techniques.

Labels which do not fit on the spines of books should be placed on the upper rather than lower left corner of the front cover, because the upper corner becomes visible first when a volume is tilted from the shelf. None of the past methods of marking call numbers on the spines or covers of books-direct hand lettering by pen, brush, or stylus; affixing cold release characters; embossing by hot type; or gluing labels which are handlettered, typed, or printed-nor even present automatic data processing systems have offered all the advantages of the relatively new Se-Lin labeling system: legibility, reasonable speed of application, automatic protective covering, permanent bonding, and no need for a skilled letterer. Labels seem unaesthetic to some librarians, but their advantages outweigh this consideration. When only one or a few copies of the same call number are required, Se-Lin is the best system now available for libraries marking over 1,000 books a year.

Cataloging↗
PubMed1987

Revisiting the recurrent groin hernia.

The anatomic defects of recurrent groin hernia in 413 patients treated consecutively using the preperitoneal approach have been cataloged and the results of the repair evaluated. No specific predicting factors could be identified for most of the patients. Defects are highly variable and not at all predictable. Pure direct defects predominated (58 percent), tended to be at the tubercle (41.9 percent), and were relatively small (less than 4 cm in 77 percent of the patients). Recurrence was associated with a number of previous repairs but the rate was only 4.3 percent for the series with 11 of 18 patients having at least three repairs. The recurrence rate for first rerepair using this approach was 1.6 percent (4 of 248 patients) within 5 years for 80 percent of the patients followed. The preperitoneal approach is a useful, safe, and effective technique for the treatment of recurrent groin hernia and should be widely implemented.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Specification and application of cephalometric analysis and image database].

PURPOSE: To summarize the basic requirement of cephalometric analysis and database product concluded from practice, and apply related products to improve the levels of medical treatment, teaching and scientific research. METHODS: By the use of digital X ray machine, digital camera, oral endoscope,scanner to import the image into system database, to edit, measure, make diagram, analyze and store the images, to catalog diagnosis according to the different need of patient to make convenient for retrieving by group, to design multi-page electronic case report including oral general diagram, the result of diagnosis cataloging, the result diagram of analysis, picture and text report, all of the above mentioned constitute a complete patient database system. RESULTS: About 400 medical case were accumulated, and these improved evidently the effect to present the production of medical treatment to potential patients, were convenient to the professional communication between doctors and conformation of treatment plan, provided a solid foundation to multimedia teaching, and promoted the development of the task of graduate student and the task of scientific research. CONCLUSION: Using related product with perfect functions to develop standardized cephalometric analysis and build standardized patient's database including image information, when such information is accumulated to certain extent, will become the invaluable treasure of relevant medical institution, will bring the obvious effect to improve the level of medical treatment, teaching and scientific research.

Cephalometry↗
PubMed1999

Interactive web-based radiology teaching file.

This multimedia radiology teaching file was developed for medical students, residents, physicians, and researchers to present teaching components related to clinical studies. Patient studies are used to create teaching cases, user can also create lecture series and custom presentations (catalogs) by linking related text and images. The user is able to make and preserve his/her own notes related to reviewed information. From the computer workstation, the user can perform search our case library by American College of Radiology (ACR) codes, keywords, modalities, or text. Results are presented in custom pages and include text lists, thumbnails lists, rescaled images, and full-size images. Text can be easily printed in custom format or exported to an ASCI file. To preserve the privacy of the student, access to our database is granted to the web browser by log-in panel. Image and text can be imported from Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM)-compatible devices or entered by using web forms. In conclusion, we developed a multifunctional interactive teaching environment accessible for multiplatform internet users.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2002

[Infectious endocarditis: degree of discordance between clinical guidelines recommendations and clinical practice].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was made to investigate the degree of discordance between the recommendations of clinical guidelines and actual practice in the care of patients with infectious endocarditis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data was gathered on 34 patients that were admitted to our hospital for native valve infection over a 4-year period. The degree of discordance (%) was obtained by comparing each clinical history with a catalog of 15 specific actions recommended in the clinical guidelines for four consecutive phases: pre-diagnosis, hospital diagnosis, antibiotic treatment, and surgical treatment. A system was constructed, scoring each phase with the greatest detected error (on a severity scale of 0 to 8 points) and adding together the scores for the four phases. RESULTS: The mean degree of discordance was 30.5% (range, 0-66%). Scores of more than six points were clearly associated with an unfavourable evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The recommendations of clinical guidelines for infectious endocarditis are inadequately followed in practice, which can affect the course of the disease. It is necessary to increase adherence to clinical guidelines in practice, in order to improve the care of patients with this serious disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Investigational drug tracking: phases I-III and NDA submissions--Part II.

The author catalogs over 800 investigational drugs/biologicals currently in Phase I, II or III clinical trials or drugs/biologicals submitted to the FDA as new drug applications. Part I of this article appeared in the September issue of Hospital Pharmacy. The list assists in predicting when new drugs will be marketed. The entries include generic/chemical name, investigational drug number, synonyms, trade names, manufacturers, clinical trial status, predicted approval year, indications or drug class, whether the drug has been developed through biotechnology, and references. Entries were gleaned from medical journals, stock market analysis publications, and the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association's Medicines in Development Series. The list is alphabetized by the generic/chemical name or investigational drug number and cross-indexed by the trade name and synonyms. The list reflects those drugs which were not FDA approved as of April 15, 1994. Part I concludes with the remaining alphabetical listing by generic/chemical name or investigational drug number.

Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic↗
PubMed2006

Evaluating the strengths and weaknesses of tuberculosis educational activities for prisoners in Honduras.

SETTING: Prisons throughout Honduras. OBJECTIVE: To assess the strengths, weaknesses, and opportunities to improve non-standardized tuberculosis (TB) educational campaign materials utilized in prisons. DESIGN: A qualitative assessment was conducted. Prison staff completed a survey describing development and implementation of educational activities at each prison (n=25). Completed surveys with photographs or copies of educational materials were collected and cataloged. The content, literacy demand, illustrations, learning stimulation, and cultural appropriateness of cataloged items were assessed using an adapted version of the Suitability Assessment of Materials Instrument. Results from this assessment were examined in conjunction with information collected through focus groups conducted with prisoners and interviews with prison staff. RESULTS: Campaign strengths included the development and dissemination of print materials appropriate for individuals with low literacy levels. By actively engaging prisoners in the campaigns, materials often incorporated the language, values, and experiences encountered within prison culture. Content of print materials and presentations focused on correcting misperceptions and facilitating acceptance of TB control activities. Campaign weaknesses included the creation of illustrations that could perpetuate the stigma associated with TB and use of some materials in which the purpose was not apparent. CONCLUSIONS: The campaigns were generally suitable, and the evaluation allowed for their improvement.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Cataloging the diversity of the human body: 19th-century French nosology concerning unlawful behavior (1800-1855)].

This work aims to contribute to the study of the factors which influenced the process of the classification of the diversity of human behaviour. As a result this study will look at the changes in operation at the beginning of the nineteenth century regarding the classification of one type of deviant behaviour: homicide. The creation by French psychiatrists of the diagnostic category "monomanie homicide instintive" meant that certain types of homicide were no longer considered a crime and began to be regarded as forms of madness. The emergence and gradual disappearance of this morbid species of psychiatric classifications in the first half of the XIXth century illustrates how the assignation of aberrant behaviour to one kind or other of deviance depends on the way in which various factors are related: changes in scientific theories, permutations in the professional objectives of those who make the classifications, and the degree of social consensus which is achieved for the new meaning that the deviatory behaviour acquires on changing its position among the various forms of deviation.

France↗