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At least 1,441 records · Page 80Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

[Evaluation of the relationship between chosen factors and results of whole body scintigraphy with 131I in patients with differentiated thyroid cancers].

Treatment and diagnostics with 131I play an important role in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) after thyreoidectomy. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of some factors on ablative therapy results. Fifty seven patients with DTC were investigated (44 females--mean age 46.6 yrs, 13 males--mean age 55.6 yrs.). Papillary thyroid cancer was diagnosed in forty five patients (79%) however, follicular thyroid cancer in the others (21%). We performed post-therapeutic whole-body scan (WBS) after high fixed doses of 131I (median = 75 mCi) and six months later diagnostic WBS (mean 4.3 mCi) in every patient. Postoperative radioiodine uptake, levels of TSH and thyroglobulin (Tg) serum concentrations were assessed after thyroid hormones withdrawal before imaging. The absence of radioiodine uptake in the thyroid bed (effective ablation) was observed in 64.9% of patients. In other cases scans showed significantly diminished uptake of the tracer in the remnants. Statistically significant difference in TSH levels before and after radioiodine therapy (75.6 vs. 106.7 microIU/ml, p < 0.001) was found in all patients. However, effectiveness of the ablative therapy did not depend on radioiodine uptake, TSH and Tg levels before radioiodine treatment.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1986

[Present diagnostic status of scirrhous type gastric cancer--with special reference to the endoscopic diagnosis].

First, we presented an actual diagnostic situation in nowadays for gastric cancer of Borrmann 4, which is virtually the same as scirrhous gastric cancer. Among 12 patients treated by the author, all of whom were discovered late, only 3 underwent surgery. In fact, with inoperable cases in Borrmann 4, even those endoscopically found to show insufficient stretching of the gastric wall, thickening and tortuosity of folds, uneven gastric mucosa, redness and white coating, there may be negative in gastric biopsy. However, the significance of an endoscopic examination for diagnosis of scirrhous cancer is in obtaining proof of the carcinoma (especially when still operable) by gastric biopsy. Thus, one must strive not to overlook slight redness, white coating which means small erosions, but to go over gastric biopsy again and again. Next, with carcinoma presenting a leather bottle (linitis plastica type) of the stomach itself, the II c portion of the stomach consisted of fundic glands (undifferentiated carcinoma) shall become the primary focus supporting Nakamura's theory. One case of diffuse invasive cancer, mistakenly diagnosed as a II c case, and two cases of regional type, one similar to II c and the other a Borrmann 2 carcinoma of advanced carcinoma showing strongly fibrous scirrhous tendency toward infiltration, were jointly monitored.

Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous↗
PubMed2002

Comparison of a specialist haematological malignancy database against a regional cancer registry: case ascertainment and diagnostic accuracy.

No large-scale study has been performed to assess the problem of registering all subtypes of haematological malignancies. We compared registration of haematological malignancies between 1994 and 1996 by haematologists in 14 National Health Service Trusts in the Eastern part of the South Thames Region with data for the same area recorded by the Thames Cancer Registry (TCR). Case ascertainment and diagnostic accuracy were the two main outcome measures. A combined total of 4714 haematological malignancies were recorded over the 3-year period. Of these, 1329 (28%) were common to both databases, 1975 (42%) were recorded only by the TCR and 1410 (30%) were recorded only by the haematologists. Nearly one-third (31%) of all cases recorded by the TCR were death certificate-only registrations. The TCR records were obtained from 30 clinical specialities. Haematology only accounted for 35% of these cases. Discordant diagnoses were recorded in 20% of the cases that were recorded in both databases. Our data suggests that both registers have deficiencies in collecting and validating data on the incidence of haematological malignancies. To address this, a partnership was established in 1998 between haematologists in the South Thames Region and the Thames Cancer Registry. It is anticipated that engaging clinicians in the collection and validation of data will enhance the completeness of case ascertainment and improve the quality of data on haematological malignancies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay for telomerase as a diagnostic modality in recurrent bladder cancer.

There is a need for the identification of an accurate test for the detection of recurrent bladder cancer. In this study, we evaluate the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay for detection of telomerase as a potential new method for bladder cancer detection and compare it to voided urine cytology. A urine sample and a bladder wash were obtained from 63 patients with a history of bladder cancer. Cytological evaluation was performed on voided urine, and the TRAP assay was performed on voided urine and bladder wash. The overall clinical sensitivity of the TRAP assay, as defined by the ability to identify correctly the patients with pathologically confirmed bladder cancer, was 35% in voided urine and 50% in bladder wash, whereas the overall clinical sensitivity of voided urine cytology was 71%. The sensitivity of voided urine cytology for the papillary and noninvasive tumors (Ta) was 50%, compared to 92% for the superficially invasive tumors (T1), 62% for the muscle-invasive tumors (T2+), and 100% for the high-grade flat carcinoma in situ (Tis). The clinical sensitivity of the TRAP assay using voided urine was 46% for Ta, 50% for T1, 18% for T2+, and 20% for Tis. The sensitivity of the TRAP assay in Ta disease was similar to that of cytology (50% for cytology versus 46% for the TRAP assay). There was a strong association between the total number of exfoliated malignant cells and the sensitivity of the assay. The sensitivity of the TRAP assay in bladder washes was 44% for Ta, 67% for T1, 46% for T2+, and 43% for Tis. The TRAP assay is reproducible, highly specific, and not dependent on the expertise of the cytopathologist. These results suggest that this assay should be further investigated as a diagnostic tool for bladder cancer.

Carcinoma, Papillary↗
PubMed1989

[Metastatic brain lesion in small-cell lung cancer].

Clinico-diagnostic correlations were studied in 74 patients suffering small cell lung cancer. Metastases to the brain were mostly multiple (66.22%) affecting the posterior cranial fossa (75%), right hemisphere and subtentorial area (34.6%). Diagnosis made by neuro-oncological examination was confirmed in 90.54%, brain scan--77.78, computed tomography--84.91, ophthalmological examination--28.81, EEG--58.18 and emission tomography--80%.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Endometrial cancer stages I and II. Analysis of survival and prognostic factors.

BACKGROUND: Endometrial cancer is the most frequent gynaecologic neoplasia in women. Stages I and II account for 75% of endometrial cancers. METHODS: Diagnostic features, treatment and outcome based on therapy with surgery and/or irradiation of 185 endometrial cancer patients in Stage I and II were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 148 patients (80%) in Stage I and 37 (20%) in Stage II. Twenty-nine patients (16%) relapsed and 18 have died of cancer. The 5 and 10 year specific actuarial survival was 89% and 81% respectively. The 5 and 10 years disease free survival was 82% and 78% respectively. In our analysis of prognostic factors we observed a significantly worse survival for postmenopausal and Stage II patients, high grade tumors (grade III) and greater myometrial penetration (outer 2/3). CONCLUSIONS: Endometrial cancer has a relatively good prognosis partly because of its early diagnosis. There is general consensus that surgery is the optimal treatment in Stages I and II. While it is well documented that complementary irradiation improves survival in Stage II, there is no general agreement regarding the value of complementary irradiation in Stage I. Further studies are needed to delimit Stage I patients who would benefit from complementary irradiation.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Fine-needle aspiration of the liver. A comparison of smear and rinse preparations in the detection of cancer.

Fifty-nine successive cases of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the liver were reviewed to determine the efficacy of various rinse and smear preparations in rendering a diagnosis of cancer. Preparations included Papanicolaou- and Diff-Quik-stained smears, Millipore filters, cytocentrifugation, and cell blocks. Of 33 of 59 cases diagnostic for cancer, 90% were positive on rinse, 78% on smear, and 69.6% on both rinse and smear. Seven cases (21.2%) were diagnostic on rinse preparation only and would otherwise have been interpreted as equivocal. Papanicolaou smears and cell block rinses were most valuable to evaluate malignancy in the liver, using the FNA technic. The authors believe rinse preparations justify their cost for assessment of cancer and are essential to establish the diagnosis in a significant number of cases.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMed1995

[Value of determining the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen in bronchial lavage for diagnosis of lung cancer].

CEA levels were measured in bronchial lavage in 84 patients with endobronchial lung cancer, undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. The control group consisted of 94 patients with nonmalignant lung disease, in whom bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. In both groups of patients 100 ml of normal saline solution was used during the lavage procedure. CEA levels in lavage fluid and in serum were determined with polyclonal (CEA-RIA) and monoclonal antibodies (CEA-EIA). Significantly increased CEA levels in lavage fluid were observed in patients with lung cancer (97.4 +/- 56.4 ng/ml) in comparison to the patients with nonmalignant lung disease (4.2 +/- 6.3 ng/ml). Patients with lung cancer had CEA levels in lavage fluid about 30 times higher than in serum. Determination of CEA levels in bronchial lavage can be a useful additional diagnostic method in patients with lung cancer.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Tracheal mucus rheology in patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy. Interrelations with smoking and cancer.

We examined the differences in tracheal mucus rheology between nonsmokers and smokers, and between smokers with and without lung cancer. Mucus was collected from patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy without atropine by holding a cytology brush in contact with the tracheal mucosa for 10 to 15 s. Samples were obtained from 43 patients 24 to 79 yr of age: nine nonsmokers, 18 current smokers, and 16 exsmokers (greater than 6 months); 12 patients (nine smokers, three exsmokers) had lung cancer. Pulmonary function testing showed that the nonsmoker patients had significant restrictive lung disease, and the patients with cancer had significant irreversible airway obstruction. The viscoelastic properties of the mucus samples were determined by magnetic microrheometry. Two parameters are reported: G* (modulus of rigidity) and tan delta (loss tangent), each measured at 1 and 100 rad/s. G* is an index of overall deformability (elastic and viscous), and tan delta is the ratio of viscous to elastic deformability. For nonsmoker patients, the viscoelastic parameters were virtually identical to those found previously for normal volunteers. For smokers without cancer, the mucus had a lower value of tan delta 1 rad/s and therefore was predicted to be more easily transportable by ciliary action; for exsmokers without cancer, ciliary transportability as calculated from viscoelasticity was even higher because of both low tan delta and low G*. Mucus from patients with cancer was not significantly different from that of nonsmokers; however, the mucus was predicted to be less easily clearable by ciliary action than was that from smokers and exsmokers without cancer, mainly because of a higher tan delta at 1 rad/s.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed2002

DNA microarrays: a new diagnostic tool and its implications in colorectal cancer.

Effective treatment of colorectal cancer requires early detection and diagnostic and prognostic accuracy in characterizing patients of various risk groups. The development of DNA microarray makes it possible to analyze thousands of genes in a single tissue sample in one experiment and to characterize the biological behavior of colorectal cancer cells. Different cluster algorithms have been used to analyze large datasets on gene expression data, and initial results show significant differences between colorectal cancer and normal colon tissue. Although more than 6000 genes have been analyzed between colorectal cancer and normal tissue, different expression levels have been found in only 100-500 transcripts depending on the cluster algorithm. Most transcripts belong to genes involved in cell growth regulation, differentiation of cells, ribosomal proteins or metalloproteinase. A future goal in microarray technology will be the development of clustered gene chips which characterize each tumor type specifically and focus on gene expression that specifies cell identity.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1985

[Diagnostic conization in clinical cervix cancer].

Various methods of tissue sampling are used to verify histologically a clinical carcinoma of the cervix. The question arises whether or not diagnostic cone biopsy has any influence on the treatment and/or the clinical course of this disease. The clinical and histological data and the follow-up of 185 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were statistically evaluated. We found no difference between patients with or without cone biopsy in respect of complications, frequency of metastases or recurrences, and survival. However, our deliberations permit the following statement: cone biopsy is an appropriate method to diagnose cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or microcarcinoma of the cervix and may--under certain conditions--even be the adequate therapy. However, cone biopsy lacks any advantage over other diagnostic methods if it is employed merely for the purpose of histological verification of clinical carcinoma of the cervix.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Calcifications after tylectomy and irradiation for breast cancer. Their symptomatic picture and diagnostic value].

In several institutions lumpectomy combined with radiation treatment is being investigated as an alternative method in the primary management of breast cancer (1-5). In 8 of 53 patients, who had undergone this treatment, new calcifications developed after therapy. In 2 of the 53 patients postoperatively persisting calcifications were encountered. The authors report about their preliminary experience in the diagnosis of calcifications after this therapy.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMed2003

A novel approach toward development of a rapid blood test for breast cancer.

Mammography remains the diagnostic test of choice for breast cancer, but 20% of cancers still go undetected. Many serum biomarkers have been reported for breast cancer but none have proven to represent effective diagnostic strategies. ProteinChip mass spectrometry is an innovative technology that searches the proteome for differentially expressed proteins, allowing for the creation of a panel or profile of biomarkers. The objective of this study was to construct unique cancer-associated serum profiles that, combined with a classification algorithm, would enhance the detection of breast cancer Pretreatment serum samples from 134 female patients (45 with cancer, 42 with benign disease, 47 normal) were procured prospectively following institutional review board-approved protocols. Proteins were denatured, applied onto ProteinChip affinity surfaces, and subjected to surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization (SELDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The SELDI output was analyzed using Biomarker Pattern Software to develop a classification tree based on group-specific protein profiles. The cross-validation analysis of cancer versus normal revealed sensitivity and specificity rates of 80% and 79%, and for cancer versus benign disease, 78% and 83%, respectively. When 2 different chip surfaces were combined the sensitivity and specificity increased to 90% and 93%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of this technique are comparable to those of mammography and, if confirmed in a larger study, this technique could provide the means toward development of a simple blood test to aid in the early detection of breast cancer. The combination of SELDI ProteinChip mass spectrometry and a classification- and regression-tree algorithm has the potential to use serum protein expression profiles for detection and diagnosis of breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Diagnostic value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in lung cancer presenting as mediastinal mass(es).

The diagnostic yields of prebonchoscopy sputum specimens and fiberoptic bronchoscopy (including brushings, washings, and/or biopsies) were determined in 35 patients who presented primarily with middle or anterior mediastinal and/or paratracheal mass(es) on chest radiographs. The diagnosis was confirmed on histopathology of tissue obtained by needle biopsy, mediastinoscopy, thoracotomy, and/or autopsy. Thirty-one of the patients were found to have primary bronchogenic carcinomas. At bronchoscopy, extrinsic compression of trachea and/or bronchi was visualized in 23 (Group I) and the tracheobronchial tree appeared normal in 12 (Group II). Prebronchoscopy sputa gave a positive yield in only three of the 35 (8%) patients; the yield was similar in both groups of patients. One or more of the bronchoscopic modalities were diagnostic in 69% of Group I patients but were not helpful in Group II patients. The diagnostic yield of brushings, washings, and biopsies in Group I patients was 52%, 61%, and 37%, respectively. The addition of biopsies to washings and/or brushings did not significantly alter the yield. Washings and brushings are recommended as useful, non-invasive procedures in diagnosing middle mediastinal masses with extrinsic compression. Sputum cytology gives a very low yield.

Bronchoscopy↗
PubMed1995

Use of lectins as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cancer.

Within the past few years, lectins have become a well-established means for understanding varied aspects of cancer and metastasis. Evidence is now emerging that lectins are dynamic contributors to tumor cell recognition (surface markers), cell adhesion and localization, signal transduction across membranes, mitogenic stimulation, augmentation of host immune defense, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis. To advance understanding of these lectin-dependent processes, attempts are being made to discover new lectins that have one or more of these functions and to develop lectin- (or glycoconjugate-) based tools that could be used to home in on tumor cells. This review will summarize current research on the lectins and recent advances in the development of lectin-based diagnostic and therapeutic tools for cancer. Additionally, the future potential of lectin-based diagnosis and therapy is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of pulmonary cytology: comparison of techniques used in conjunction with flexible fiber optic bronchoscopy.

We examined the accuracy of pulmonary cytology in 224 consecutive patients being evaluated for lung cancer. The diagnostic yeild of specimens obtained by various methods, including flexible fiber optic bronchoscopy (FFB), was compared. Among 69 patients with lung cancer, a cytologic diagnosis was made in 87%, including 73% with peripheral tumors. Prebronchoscopy sputa were positive in 50%, bronchial washings in 63%, postbronchoscopy sputa in 82% and bronchial brushings in 59% of the patients. In only one patient was the bronchial brush specimen the only positive cytologic specimen. Normal FFB and small cell undifferentiated cancer were found with increased frequency (P less than 0.05) among the nine patients (13%) with false-negative cytology. Among 155 patients with nonmalignant lung disease, 16 (10%) had false-positive specimens; this finding was significantly related (P less than 0.05) to necrotizing pneumonia in 13 of the 16 patients (81%). The overall diagnostic accuracy of cytology showed 87% sensitivity and 90% specificity, and the predictive value of a positive specimen was 79%. In the absence of necrotizing pneumonia these values exceeded 95%.

Bronchi↗