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PubMed1992

[Basis of the ontogeny of behavior--a contribution to the development of behavioral disorders].

The process of behaviour ontogeny occurs epigenetically, i.e. from the interaction at any one time between phenotype, active genes and the environment within the range of the phylogenetically formed "Reaktionsnorm". Particularly during the post-embryonic stage, learning processes, such as habituation, classical and operant conditioning, imitation, perceptive learning and imprinting, will influence behaviour ontogeny. In view of the restrictive housing conditions of farm and laboratory animals and of neurophysiological findings it may be postulated etiologically speaking that abnormal behaviour should be attributed to a changed network and differentiation within the brain which may have occurred during early ontogeny (e.g. deprivation and missing or misdirected imprinting). In addition, behaviour disorders may result directly from a dysfunction at the level of information coordination. Animals strive without success to adapt to a rigid, unavoidable and artificial housing environment and as a result develop coping strategies which are maladaptive (e.g. stereotypies, learned helplessness). In order to prevent behaviour disorders, research into their origin is indispensable, as indeed is an examination of the ontogeny of normal behaviour. Only in this way can new housing systems be developed where in spite of restriction crucial stimuli may nevertheless be provided which will enable animals to develop and to breed without suffering harm.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Modification of undesirable sexual behavior in hospitalized sexual offenders within the framework of a comprehensive cognitive-behavior therapy program. I].

A comprehensively conceived behaviourally oriented therapeutic programme of influencing undesirable sexual behaviour with creation of socially acceptable patterns of sexual behaviour, using in addition to group, regime and sociotherapeutic methods and individual behavioural techniques, (frequently under phallographic control, described in the paper), appears to be most effective in the framework of institutional treatment as regards rate of relapses and economic effectiveness. This is confirmed by ten years of experience with this therapeutic approach at the sexuological department of the psychiatric sanatorium (comparable with results of similar departments abroad), achieved despite difficulties as regards personnel and shortage of professional information. The relapse rate of sexual delinquency during the ten-year investigation, assessed by available methods, was only 9% of all treated subjects.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[Methodological approach to genetic-selection analysis of social behavior of animals (Using as an example domestic behavior of the silver fox)].

Social behaviour of animals, i.e. interspecies contacts, were studied in a population of silver foxes in the longitudinal model domestication experiment. Three social behaviour traits were analysed: contactibility, critical distance and domestication index. The latter trait is a linear function of elementary behaviour reactions, postures induced by man which is determined by the principal components method. The most valiable selection phenotype for further modelling of domestication, as shown by the capacity to adequately reflect a pattern of genotype--environment interaction, the structure of correlation ratios for different forms of behaviour and the level of genetic relationships between relatives, is the domestication index.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[The role of behavioral science in animal welfare, in teaching and practical application: behavior of swine].

The regulation for the keeping of pigs from 1988 acknowledges in principle only results of research, induced by long term problems in pig husbandry. Therefore it is only relevant for problems, that became apparent at least ten years earlier. Group housing for sows is not taken into consideration in the regulation. However, in the near future veterinarians will be expected to produce an opinion about the welfare of sows kept in group housing systems. In the houses for pregnant sows and in the ones for farrowing sows and for sows with piglets, problems can be expected resulting from group housing. Practice is not always according the nice theory, telling us, that sows want a place on their own for farrowing. Thus it can be difficult to end up with one sow in one farrowing nest. If piglets leave the farrowing nest to early, they will not be able to recognize their own sow amidst the group of others. This results in "multisuckling", with its large number of runts. However, group housing expects every piglet to stay with its own sow. In considering the welfare of sows kept in group housing systems a veterinarian will have to ask himself again and again, whether the sows are able to cope with the presented situation. The same counts for the piglets.

Animal Husbandry↗