SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “vision transformers”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources

PubMed2000

Mathematical leadership vision.

This article is an analysis of a new type of leadership vision, the kind of vision that is becoming increasingly pervasive among leaders in the modern world. This vision appears to offer a new horizon, whereas, in fact it delivers to its target audience a finely tuned version of the already existing ambitions and aspirations of the target audience. The leader, with advisors, has examined the target audience and has used the results of extensive research and statistical methods concerning the group to form a picture of its members' lifestyles and values. On the basis of this information, the leader has built a "vision." The vision is intended to create an impression of a charismatic and transformational leader when, in fact, it is merely a response. The systemic, arithmetic, and statistical methods employed in this operation have led to the coining of the terms mathematical leader and mathematical vision.

Humans↗

PubMed2001

Military social work in the South African National Defence Force.

The transformation of the South African National Defence Force has prompted a critical reassessment of the Directorate of Social Work. As a result, the directorate realized the need for a formal business plan to align the profession strategically with the core business of the military system. After completion of the business plan, the need for a unique military social work practice model was identified. Such a model should present social workers with a strategy for the achievement of the goals and objectives of the business plan. The practice model rests on two key concepts: binocular vision and practice positions. Since the onset of the transformation process in the South African National Defence Force, these two documents have reflected the changing milieu within which social work is practiced. The main concepts of these documents are presented.

Humans↗

PubMed2004

Re-visioning the spider woman archetype in Kiss of the Spider Woman.

The article examines the transformation of spider woman archetype from Manuel Puig's adaptation of his novel to a play, and other adaptations into a film and a musical. The paper examines how the archetype's image and function shift when 're-visioned' by various artists and performed in disparate social contexts.

Humans↗

PubMed1998

Parietal cortex and spatial-postural transformation during arm movements.

Cells in the parietal motor areas 5, MIP, and 7b have spatially tuned activity during movements. Lesions, however, do not disrupt visual reaching or learned nonspatial movement selection. The role of such parietal cells in sensorimotor coordinate transformations is unclear. The present experiment investigates whether the parietal motor areas are concerned with the following: 1) the transformation between the desired position in space of the hand and the limb's postural configuration during movement and 2) interjoint coordination. Six macaque monkeys were trained to reach in the dark. Spatial-postural transformations assume a simple form in the absence of vision and so may be most easily studied when animals reach in the dark. A lesion was placed in the parietal cortex that included areas 5, MIP, and 7b of three macaques. The simple relation between hand position and limb postural configuration seen in controls was disrupted after the lesion. The intercoordination of movements of the hand with those of the rest of the arm was also affected. The lesion did not affect the range or velocity of joint movements or the curvature of the hand's trajectory. The cell activity in parietal areas 5, MIP, and 7b may not be essential for the transformation between retinocentric representation of the target and shoulder centered representations of the desired position of the hand, but it is essential for both the subsequent transformation between desired hand position and the postural configuration of the arm and for interjoint integration.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Distortions of distance and shape are not produced by a single continuous transformation of reach space.

We investigated whether distortions of perceived distance and shape could be captured by a single continuous one-to-one transformation of the underlying space. In Experiment 1, the participants reached to touch points around the perimeter of spherical targets viewed at five different distances, to yield simultaneous measures of perceived distance and shape. Different participants reached while using dynamic monocular, static binocular, or dynamic binocular vision. Thin plate spline (TPS) analysis was applied so as to transform a Cartesian grid in such a way as to carry the original target points to the mean reach locations. In all cases, discontinuities appeared in the transformed grid from folding of the space. In Experiment 2, the participants reached to points that lay at the same locus in reach space, but on different portions of the visible target spheres (e.g., front vs. side). The participants reached to different locations when the points were different with respect to shape (e.g., front vs. side) but reached to the same locations when the points were the same with respect to shape (left vs. right side). TPS analysis revealed discontinuities from holes torn in the underlying space. The results show that perceived distance and perceived shape entail different distortions and cannot be captured by a single continuous transformation of reach space.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Immobility of some second-order stimuli in human peripheral vision.

Real-world objects and events are often demarcated and defined by changes of luminance. Such stimuli are easily noticed by human beings whether the stimuli occur in central or in peripheral vision. It is also possible to use differences of color, texture, contrast, or temporal characteristics to create visual stimuli (so-called non-luminance-domain or second-order stimuli). Here I report the discovery that a variety of spatially periodic, second-order patterns, when set in motion in peripheral vision, appear stationary even though their structure is clearly visible. The immobility of the second-order stimuli is evidenced by the striking inability of observers to report their direction of motion. Special signal transformations are required to reveal the motion of second-order stimuli to higher-stage motion mechanisms, and the immobility of second-order stimuli in peripheral but not in central vision suggests that the processing of the transformed signals by higher-stage motion mechanisms changes radically from central to peripheral vision.

Color Perception↗

PubMed2002

Single-neuron correlates of subjective vision in the human medial temporal lobe.

Visual information from the environment is transformed into perceptual sensations through several stages of neuronal processing. Flash suppression constitutes a striking example in which the same retinal input can give rise to two different conscious visual percepts. We directly recorded the responses of individual neurons during flash suppression in the human amygdala, entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus, allowing us to explore the neuronal responses in untrained subjects at a high spatial and temporal resolution in the medial temporal lobe. Subjects were patients with pharmacologically intractable epilepsy implanted with depth electrodes to localize the seizure onset focus. We observed that the activity of two thirds of all visually selective neurons followed the perceptual alternations rather than the retinal input. None of the selective neurons responded to a perceptually suppressed stimulus. Therefore, the activity of most individual neurons in the medial temporal lobe of naive human subjects directly correlates with the phenomenal visual experience.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Common visions, shared goals: leadership in action.

A senior health care executive describes the strength of the Continuous Improvement philosophy in assisting senior and middle managers in transforming a children's hospital. Emphasizing the power of positive leadership in developing common goals and shared visions, and the relationship of midlevel managers to that process, examples are cited from a patient care delivery redesign project and in child advocacy.

Child↗

PubMed1986

Proptosis from maxillary sinus inverted papilloma with malignant transformation.

We describe a 58-year-old woman who presented with proptosis, upward displacement, and decreased vision in her right eye. A computed tomography scan revealed a mass filling the right maxillary sinus, destroying bone and invading the inferolateral orbit. The tumor proved to be an inverted squamous papilloma with focal transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. Although a rare cause of proptosis, inverted papilloma with orbital invasion must be considered when a patient describes associated nasal or sinus disease.

Biopsy↗

PubMed2001

An investigation of visual hallucinosis and visual sensory status in dementia.

INTRODUCTION: Visual hallucinosis occurs frequently amongst patients with dementia and there is some evidence of an association between hallucinosis and impaired visual function. This study examined the association between objectively rated visual acuity, ambient illumination levels and hallucinosis in patients with dementia. METHODS: Thirty dementia patients with visual hallucinosis plus 30 non-hallucinating dementia patients were recruited from referrals to community mental health teams in Leicestershire. Data were collected by means of a carer interview (including the Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory (NPI) and Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR)), patient assessment (including Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and measures of corrected visual acuity) and photometric assessment of the room most frequently occupied by the subject. RESULTS: Hallucinators and non-hallucinators did not differ significantly in respect of age, cognitive status or global dementia severity. Fifty per cent of hallucinators had a Snellen visual acuity of 6/24 or worse compared with 27% of non-hallucinators. Comparison of LogMAR transformed values for distance (Snellen chart) and near-vision (Sussex test-types) revealed significantly worse visual acuity for hallucinators on both measures (Mann-Whitney p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively). Ambient illumination in the centre of the room under conditions of natural plus artificial lighting was significantly lower for hallucinating subjects than for non-hallucinators (median values 200 versus 345 Lux respectively; Mann-Whitney p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with previous findings suggesting an association between visual hallucinations and poor visual acuity in patients with dementia, and introduce environmental illumination as another possible aetiologically relevant factor. Interventions aimed at improving visual function in this patient group now require evaluation.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Colour-spatial vision.

A critical survey is made of neurophysiological and psychophysiological investigations of colour vision. A neuronal model of colour-spatial vision is suggested. The model allows a unified explanation of the whole range of psychophysiological phenomena: the mixing of colours of high-frequency image components, the McCollough type colour after-effects, the simultaneous and successive colour contrast, the hue constancy perception, the appearance of non-spectral colours by mixing of monochromatic lights. A suggestion is made as to the existence of two main mechanisms of colour vision. The first of these, by means of Fourier transforms, gives a set of coefficients which describes the spatial distribution of light (quantity of energy) and hue (quality of energy) in the visual field. The second mechanism establishes colour names in each chromatically homogenous area of the field described by the first mechanism. Both mechanisms cooperate on the basis of their common spatial organization.

Color Perception↗

PubMed1998

[The life of Henry E. Sigerist - academic scholarship vs. social activism].

The objective of this paper is to investigate chronologically the life of Sigerist as follows: (i) how Henry Sigerist (1891-1957) became interested in medical history, (ii) how he succeeded Karl Sudhoff (1853-1938) as professor of the history of medicine in the University of Leipzig, (iii) why he came to the Johns Hopkins in 1932, (iv) what he did for health care reform in the U.S. and Canada, (v) why he returned to his motherland in 1947, and (vi) how health professions have been globally influenced by his life. Based on the solid academic scholarship of medical history and sociology, Sigerest was energetically engaged in health care reform. What distinguished his social activism from other health care reformers is that wheras most health care reformers take the positivism-centered perspective to transform the existing health care system, Sigerist integrated historical vision with sociologically a pedagogic mission to pursue health care progress.

Germany↗

PubMed1991

[Metamorphosis of vitelliform macular degeneration].

The authors describe the case of vitelliform macular degeneration of a mother and daughter whom they followed up using different examination methods incl. electrophysiological ones and fluorescent angiography. During the observation subjective deterioration of vision occurred in the daughter which was due to transformation of the typical picture of egg yolk into a further stage of pathological changes.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Spatial memory and integration processes in congenital blindness.

The paper tests the hypothesis that difficulties met by the blind in spatial processing are due to the simultaneous treatment of independent spatial representations. Results showed that lack of vision does not impede the ability to process and transform mental images; however, blind people are significantly poorer in the recall of more than a single spatial pattern at a time than in the recall of the corresponding material integrated into a single pattern. It is concluded that the simultaneous maintenance of different spatial information is affected by congenital blindness, while cognitive processes that may involve sequential manipulation are not.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Transforming growth factor-beta 2 significantly enhances the ability to flatten the rim of subretinal fluid surrounding macular holes. Preliminary anatomic results of a multicenter prospective randomized study.

Previous studies of treatment of full-thickness macular holes have effected resolution of the surrounding subretinal fluid cuff in 58%-71% of cases. An initial report has found 330 ng and 1,330 ng transforming growth factor-beta 2 to be successful in effecting resolution of the surrounding subretinal fluid cuff in 100% of cases. A randomized, masked, controlled, prospective, multicenter study of 90 patients with full-thickness macular holes was performed to assess the efficacy of the local application of TGF-beta 2 at the time of vitrectomy surgery. Eligibility criteria included: (1) best corrected visual acuity of 20/80 or worse; (2) duration of macular hole for less than 1 year; and (3) absence of other ocular disorders that might interfere with vision. Patients were evenly randomized to receive placebo, 660 ng transforming growth factor-beta 2, or 1,330 ng transforming growth factor-beta 2. The treatment assignment was unmasked at the examination 3 months after treatment only if the macular hole failed to close. If the initial treatment had been placebo, patients were offered crossover to 1,330 ng transforming growth factor-beta 2 during a reoperation. It can be deduced that resolution of the subretinal fluid cuff occurred in 16 of 30 placebo-treated eyes, 53 of 58 eyes treated with transforming growth factor-beta 2, and in 9 of 13 cases (69%) initially treated with placebo that subsequently underwent repeat surgery under the crossover option.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed1998

Visuomotor control: where does vision end and action begin?

A new understanding of how visual information is transformed into motor acts has emerged from recent studies of the organization of the visuomotor pathways in the primate brain. This work suggests that it may no longer be useful, or even correct, to categorize different brain areas as sensory or motor.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

An improved mathematical description of the foveal visual point spread function with parameters for age, pupil size and pigmentation.

An analytical description of the point spread function (PSF) for human foveal vision, together with its closed form two-dimensional Fourier transform, the modulation transfer function (MTF), is proposed. It also possesses an analytical line spread function (LSF) counterpart. It fits to both PSF and MTF experimental data and holds over the full angular and spatial frequency domain. Variation in the PSF and MTF descriptions with pupil size, age and iris/skin pigmentation are accounted for by analytical expressions in the parameters.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

Effects of rearranged vision on event-related lateralizations of the EEG during pointing.

We used event-related lateralizations of the EEG (ERLs) and reversed vision to study visuomotor processing with conflicting proprioceptive and visual information during pointing. Reversed vision decreased arm-related lateralization, probably reflecting the simultaneous activity of left and right arm specific neurons: neurons in the hemisphere contralateral to the observed action were probably activated by visual feedback, neurons in the hemisphere contralateral to the response side by the somatomotor feedback. Lateralization related to the target in parietal cortex increased, indicating that visual to motor transformation in parietal cortex required additional time and resources with reversed vision. A short period of adaptation to an additional lateral displacement of the visual field increased arm-contralateral activity in parietal cortex during the movement. This is in agreement with the, which showed that adaptation to a lateral displacement of the visual field is reflected in increased parietal involvement during pointing.

Adult↗