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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

On-line adaptive algorithm with glucose prediction capacity for subcutaneous closed loop control of glucose: evaluation under fasting conditions in patients with Type 1 diabetes.

AIMS: To evaluate an algorithm with glucose prediction capacity and continuous adaptation of patient parameters-a model predictive control (MPC) algorithm-to control blood glucose concentration during fasting conditions in patients with Type 1 diabetes. In the subcutaneous (sc) route within a closed loop system. METHODS: Paired experiments were performed in six patients. Over 8 h the MPC algorithm was used to control glucose with s.c. insulin administration and two different glucose monitoring protocols: first, the algorithm was provided with intravenous (i.v.) glucose values for insulin dosage calculation directly (i.v.-s.c. route). Then, in the second experiment, i.v. glucose values were fed to the MPC with a delay of 30 min to simulate s.c. glucose measurements ('s.c.'-s.c. route). In both experiments plasma glucose, insulin dosage, and serum insulin levels were analysed. RESULTS: Glucose concentration was brought from hyper- to normoglycaemia and kept in the physiological range (6-7 mmol/l) with both routes in all subjects. Mean glucose concentration reached the threshold of 7 mmol/l approximately 2 (i.v.-s.c. route) and 3 ('s.c.'-s.c. route) hours after the start of glucose control with the MPC. During the last 2 h of automated glucose control, mean glucose concentration was 6.3 +/- 0.2 mmol/l and 6.6 +/- 0.3 mmol/l for i.v.-s.c. and 's.c.'-s.c. route, respectively. Glucose concentration, insulin doses, and serum insulin levels did not differ significantly between routes (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The MPC algorithm is suitable for glucose control during fasting within an extracorporeal artificial beta-cell in the subcutaneous route Type 1 diabetic patients.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2026

Landscape Genomics Reveals Divergent Adaptation Modes and Predicts Climate Vulnerability in Xinjiang Indigenous Sheep.

Climate change increasingly endangers precious indigenous sheep germplasm resources distributed across diverse Chinese landscapes, and systematically decoding their polygenic climate-adaptive genetic mechanisms is essential for targeted breed conservation and long-term sustainable pastoral production. Whole-genome resequencing data from 93 individuals covering six representative local sheep breeds were analyzed in this work. After filtering highly collinear climate variables, three mature landscape genomic approaches were jointly applied to identify environment-linked gene variants, while two predictive metrics across ten CMIP6 future climate scenarios quantified each breed's long-term adaptive risks. Six temperature- and water-related environmental factors jointly drove sheep population genetic differentiation, with temperature fluctuation indices showing markedly stronger explanatory power. Detected adaptive genes were significantly enriched in ion transport, energy metabolism and cellular stress response pathways. Future projections indicated western breeds (Bayinbuluke, Cele Black, Xiahe) face severe maladaptation risks under high-emission SSP370 scenarios by 2100, whereas central and eastern breeds possess much broader climate tolerance. This study systematically reveals the core genomic basis of ovine climate adaptation and quantifies distinct breed-specific climate vulnerability, providing solid reliable theoretical support for precision germplasm conservation and selective breeding of climate-resilient sheep varieties.

adaptive loci↗
PubMed2025

Genomic and Developmental Models to Predict Cognitive and Adaptive Outcomes in Autistic Children.

IMPORTANCE: Although early signs of autism are often observed between 18 and 36 months of age, there is considerable uncertainty regarding future development. Clinicians lack predictive tools to identify those who will later be diagnosed with co-occurring intellectual disability (ID). OBJECTIVE: To predict ID in children diagnosed with autism. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This prognostic study involved the development and validation of models integrating genetic variants and developmental milestones to predict ID. Models were trained, cross-validated, and tested for generalizability across 3 autism cohorts: Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research (SPARK), Simons Simplex Collection, and MSSNG. Autistic participants were assessed older than 6 years of age for ID. Study data were analyzed from January 2023 to July 2024. EXPOSURES: Ages at attaining early developmental milestones, occurrence of language regression, polygenic scores for cognitive ability and autism, rare copy number variants, de novo loss-of-function and missense variants impacting constrained genes. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The out-of-sample performance of predictive models was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), positive predictive values (PPVs), and negative predictive values (NPVs). RESULTS: A total of 5633 autistic participants (4574 male [81.2%]) were included in this analysis. On average, participants were diagnosed with autism at 4 (IQR, 3-7) years of age and assessed for ID at 11 (8-14) years of age, with 1159 participants (20.6%) being diagnosed with ID. The model integrating all predictors yielded an AUROC of 0.653 (95% CI, 0.625-0.681), and this predictive performance was cross-validated and generalized across cohorts. This modest performance reflected that only a subset of individuals carried large-effect variants, high polygenic scores, or presented delayed milestones. However, combinations of genetic variants that are typically not considered clinically relevant by diagnostic laboratories achieved PPVs of 55% and correctly identified 10% of individuals developing ID. The addition of polygenic scores to developmental milestones specifically improved NPVs rather than PPVs. Notably, the ability to stratify ID probabilities using genetic variants was up to 2-fold higher in individuals with delayed milestones compared with those with typical development. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Results of this prognostic study suggest that the growing number of neurodevelopmental condition-associated variants cannot, in most cases, be used alone for predicting ID. However, models combining different classes of variants with developmental milestones provide clinically relevant individual-level predictions that could be useful for targeting early interventions.

Humans↗
PubMed2000

Functional and social discomfort during orthodontic treatment--effects on compliance and prediction of patients' adaptation by personality variables.

During the course of treatment orthodontic patients frequently endure a number of functional complaints and are anxious about their appearance. The aims of this longitudinal study were to follow the progress of patients' adaptation to discomfort, to elucidate the putative relationship between the type of appliance worn and functional and social discomfort experienced, to study potential predictability by their attitude to treatment and to evaluate the effects of discomfort as predictors of patients' compliance. Eighty-four patients undergoing either removable, functional, or fixed appliance treatment monitored their complaints during the first 7 days of treatment and rated them retrospectively 14 days, and 3 and 6 months after appliance insertion. The most frequent complaints were impaired speech, impaired swallowing, feeling of oral constraint and lack of confidence in public. A significant reduction in the number of complaints was observed between 2 and 7 days after insertion of the appliance. No further differences were revealed after longer periods of appliance wear. The type of appliance had an effect on impaired speech and swallowing. Patients' expectations of favourable treatment performance and appreciation of dental aesthetics were predictive of reported feeling of oral constraint and lack of confidence in public. There was a relationship between the complaints and acceptance of the appliance, as well as between lack of confidence in public and compliance with treatment. The results of this study highlight the importance of patients' attitudes to treatment and of functional and social discomfort associated with appliance wear for the theory and practice of the management of orthodontic patients, and the necessity for early intervention by clinicians.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2026

Genomic-Environmental Integration Predicts Climate Vulnerability and Adaptive Potential of Tibetan Plateau Herpetofauna.

The herpetofauna of the Tibetan Plateau, home to Earth's highest-elevation ectothermic vertebrates, face escalating threats from rapid climate change. However, conventional conservation strategies often overlook intraspecific genetic variation and adaptive potential, limiting their predictive accuracy and effectiveness. Here, we integrate whole-genome resequencing data with environmental modeling to assess climate vulnerability in two endemic species: Nanorana parkeri (Tibetan frog) and Thermophis baileyi (hot-spring snake). Results suggest that the western populations of the two species exhibit higher genomic offsets under future climate, while some eastern populations of the Tibetan frog face a decrease in niche suitability, and the hot-spring snake will experience varying degrees of loss of suitable habitats. Furthermore, heterozygosity, genetic diversity, and genetic load demonstrate significant correlations with genomic offsets, suggesting that low genetic diversity and high genetic load may weaken the potential to adapt to environmental changes. Based on a genome-niche index that combines genomic offsets with niche suitability change, we identified evolutionary rescue populations that are potentially tolerant to climate change. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating genomic and environmental data to forecast the adaptive potential and enable effective conservation management of high-altitude herpetofauna under rapid climate change.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of adaptation in Icelandic and American families of young children with chronic asthma.

The purposes of this international study were to determine the predictors of adaptation and to assess potential moderating effects of parents' sense of coherence and family hardiness on the relationship of severity of illness of a child with asthma and family and caregiving demands as predictors of family adaptation. For both parents, sense of coherence and family hardiness predicted family adaptation. Icelandic mothers perceived their family's adaptation more favorably than did their American counterparts. For the fathers, family demands predicted adaptation. Sense of coherence moderated the effect of family demands on adaptation for both parents. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening individual and family resiliency as a mechanism for improving family adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Prediction of the adaptability of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to a second phase of a solvent for economically sound two-phase biotransformations.

The strain Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E was tested for its ability to tolerate second phases of different alkanols for their use as solvents in two-liquid-phase biotransformations. Although 1-decanol showed an about 10-fold higher toxicity to the cells than 1-octanol, the cells were able to adapt completely to 1-decanol only and could not be adapted in order to grow stably in the presence of a second phase of 1-octanol. The main explanation for this observation can be seen in the higher water and membrane solubility of 1-octanol. The hydrophobicity (log P) of a substance correlates with a certain partitioning of that compound into the membrane. Combining the log P value with the water solubility, the maximum membrane concentration of a compound can be calculated. With this simple calculation, it is possible to predict the property of an organic chemical for its potential applicability as a solvent for two-liquid-phase biotransformations with solvent-tolerant P. putida strains. Only compounds that show a maximum membrane concentration of less than 400 mM, such as 1-decanol, seem to be tolerated by these bacterial strains when applied in supersaturating concentrations to the medium. Taking into consideration that a solvent for a two-liquid-phase system should possess partitioning properties for potential substrates and products of a fine chemical synthesis, it can be seen that 1-decanol is a suitable solvent for such biotransformation processes. This was also demonstrated in shake cultures, where increasing amounts of a second phase of 1-decanol led to bacteria tolerating higher concentrations of the model substrate 3-nitrotoluene. Transferring this example to a 5-liter-scale bioreactor with 10% (vol/vol) 1-decanol, the amount of 3-nitrotoluene tolerated by the cells is up to 200-fold higher than in pure aqueous medium. The system demonstrates the usefulness of two-phase biotransformations utilizing solvent-tolerant bacteria.

1-Octanol↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Factors that influence adolescent adaptation to sickle cell disease.

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether psychosocial factors play a more important role than biomedical risk factors in predicting adolescent adaptation to sickle cell disease (SCD); to determine whether psychosocial factors moderate the relationship between biomedical risk factors and adaptation. METHODS: Ninety African American adolescents from the multisite Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease were recruited to complete a battery that included measures of psychosocial status and psychological adaptation. Data regarding their health status were collected from medical records. RESULTS: The findings revealed that intrapersonal (self-esteem, social assertiveness), stress-processing (use of social support), and social ecological factors (family relations) were significant predictors of adaptation; however, biomedical factors did not predict adaptation. There was no evidence that psychosocial factors moderated the relationship between biomedical risk factors and adaptation. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial factors proved to be better predictors of adaptation than biomedical risk factors. Additional research is needed to better understand the nature of the interrelationships among biomedical risk factors, psychosocial factors, and adaptation.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2003

Recovery from contrast adaptation matches ideal-observer predictions.

Recovery from contrast adaptation was studied in psychophysical experiments. We measured detection thresholds for a test pulse presented on a photopic background as a function of the time after the offset of a high-contrast flicker of the background. The decrease of thresholds with time is well described by a power-law function. Thresholds for tests presented at 640 ms after the offset of the background contrast are still significantly elevated above the threshold measured when the observers have completely adapted to a steady background. We compare the psychophysical data with contrast estimates of ideal-observer models. A match between the results for human and ideal observers can be obtained when the ideal observer is limited by noise. For a quantitative match, we assume that the ideal observer performs a Bayesian calculation on its noise-perturbed input, sampled every 10-20 ms. For the Bayesian calculation we assume a prior probability distribution function for the input contrast that has a lower cutoff at the standard deviation of the noise.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Backpropagation and adaptive resonance theory in predicting suicidal risk.

The ability of backpropagation and adaptive resonance theory (ART) neural networks to predict the probability of complete suicide, within a two year span, in major psychiatric patients was investigated. Variables associated with suicide risk were collected from the files of 161 hospitalized psychiatric patients with a 10 year or greater history of illness. 84 patients were hospitalized due to suicide attempts and 77 had no previous suicide attempts or ideations. Suicide attempts were rated as medically serious suicide attempts (MSSA) or non-MSSA and used for training the systems. The ability of the neural networks was evaluated by screening the extremes of the suicidal spectrum (1) 54 records of patients who committed suicide and (2) 150 records of patients who never had suicidal thoughts. The records were taken from 3 hospitals, in various geographic regions in Israel. Neither neural network system is reliable in predicting suicide, however, records from one hospital, Gehah Hospital, were better identified than those from the two other hospitals (p < 0.05 for PPV; p < 0.01 for specificity). At present, neural networks are not reliable instruments for evaluating suicidal risk due to the significant number of false positive results. When low risk was indicated reliability was greater (NPV = 75.28%, specificity = 97.10% with ART; NPV = 91.76%, specificity = 95.12% with backpropagation). However, PPV, NPV and specificity rates of both systems achieved with Gehah Hospital records suggest that using a direct-subjective questionnaire may produce better results in the future. ART and backpropagation performed similarly in all measurements.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Nbp2 targets the Ptc1-type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase to the HOG MAPK pathway.

The yeast high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway signals via the Pbs2 MEK and the Hog1 MAPK, whose activity requires phosphorylation of Thr and Tyr in the activation loop. The Ptc1-type 2C Ser/Thr phosphatase (PP2C) inactivates Hog1 by dephosphorylating phospho-Thr, while the Ptp2 and Ptp3 protein tyrosine phosphatases dephosphorylate phospho-Tyr. In this work, we show that the SH3 domain-containing protein Nbp2 negatively regulates Hog1 by recruiting Ptc1 to the Pbs2-Hog1 complex. Consistent with this role, NBP2 acted as a negative regulator similar to PTC1 in phenotypic assays. Biochemical analysis showed that Nbp2, like Ptc1, was required to inactivate Hog1 during adaptation. As predicted for an adapter, deletion of NBP2 disrupted Ptc1-Pbs2 complex formation. Furthermore, Nbp2 contained separate binding sites for Ptc1 and Pbs2: the novel N-terminal domain bound Ptc1, while the SH3 domain bound Pbs2. In addition, the Pbs2 scaffold bound the Nbp2 SH3 via a Pro-rich motif distinct from that which binds the SH3 domain of the positive regulator Sho1. Thus, Nbp2 recruits Ptc1 to Pbs2, a scaffold for both negative and positive regulators.

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The prediction of the adaptation of circadian rhythms to rapid time zone changes.

The aim of the study was to find out which factors could explain individual differences in the resynchronization speed of circadian rhythms of salivary melatonin and subjective alertness after transmeridian flights over 10 time zones. The mean age of the 40 female subjects was 33.0 +/- 6.9 years. The data were gathered by measurements of the circadian rhythms of melatonin excretion and altertness at 2 h intervals in Helsinki (Finland) two days before westward flight to Los Angeles (USA), where the measurements were repeated on the 2nd day after the flights and on the 2nd day in Finland after return flight. This shift in the acrophases of the two circadian rhythms were used as dependent variables in regression analyses. The predictors used were length of day, marital status, amount of physical exercise, age, neuroticism, extroversion, and eveningness. Age, day length, marital status, and physical exercise explained the acrophase adaptation of the melatonin rhythm after westward flight, and day length, neuroticism, and extroversion after eastward flight. Marital status, neuroticism, and physical exercise explained the variation of the acrophase adjustment of the alertness rhythm after westward flight, and age and eveningness after eastward flight. It is concluded that the amount of daylight and personality are the best predictors of the circadian rhythm adaptation after transmeridian flights.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Coping and family functioning predict longitudinal psychological adaptation of siblings of childhood cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: To assess associations of coping and family functioning with psychosocial adjustment in siblings of pediatric cancer patients at 1, 6, 12, and 24 months after diagnosis. METHODS: Eighty-three siblings (ages 7-19 years) participated. Effects on anxiety, quality of life, behavioral-emotional problems, and emotional reactions to the illness were investigated. Data-analysis was performed with multilevel mixed modeling. RESULTS: Psychosocial functioning was impaired at 1 month but ameliorated over time. Adjustment problems were associated with high family adaptation and cohesion, older age, and female gender. Lower anxiety, insecurity, loneliness, and illness involvement were related to siblings' ability to remain optimistic. Insecurity and illness involvement were positively related to reliance on the medical specialist and a tendency to seek information about the illness. CONCLUSIONS: Siblings of pediatric cancer patients are most affected by the illness in the first months. Children at risk may be identified according to sibling age and gender and according to long-term family adaptation processes and sibling coping abilities.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2005

Respiratory motion prediction by using the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS).

The quality of radiation therapy delivered for treating cancer patients is related to set-up errors and organ motion. Due to the margins needed to ensure adequate target coverage, many breast cancer patients have been shown to develop late side effects such as pneumonitis and cardiac damage. Breathing-adapted radiation therapy offers the potential for precise radiation dose delivery to a moving target and thereby reduces the side effects substantially. However, the basic requirement for breathing-adapted radiation therapy is to track and predict the target as precisely as possible. Recent studies have addressed the problem of organ motion prediction by using different methods including artificial neural network and model based approaches. In this study, we propose to use a hybrid intelligent system called ANFIS (the adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system) for predicting respiratory motion in breast cancer patients. In ANFIS, we combine both the learning capabilities of a neural network and reasoning capabilities of fuzzy logic in order to give enhanced prediction capabilities, as compared to using a single methodology alone. After training ANFIS and checking for prediction accuracy on 11 breast cancer patients, it was found that the RMSE (root-mean-square error) can be reduced to sub-millimetre accuracy over a period of 20 s provided the patient is assisted with coaching. The average RMSE for the un-coached patients was 35% of the respiratory amplitude and for the coached patients 6% of the respiratory amplitude.

Algorithms↗