Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “paratuberculosis”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Effects of colonial morphology and tween 80 on antimicrobial susceptibility of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Smooth (Sm) and rough (Rg) colonial types of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis ATCC 19698 and two clinical isolates were tested to examine their growth responses in medium containing antimicrobial agents. Susceptibility tests were done in Middlebrook 7H12B medium with and without Tween 80 and one of the following antimicrobial agents: streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, ciprofloxacin, and penicillin G. Growth responses in the presence of antimicrobial agents led to the following observations. (i) In the absence of Tween, Rg colony types were more resistant than Sm colony types; (ii) the addition of Tween 80 significantly increased the susceptibility of both Sm and Rg colony types; however, the increase was greater with the Sm colony types. These studies showed that the antimicrobial susceptibility of M. paratuberculosis was significantly affected when Tween 80 was present in either the primary culture medium or the drug susceptibility test medium. In the absence of the perturbing influence of Tween 80, M. paratuberculosis was resistant to the antimicrobial agents tested.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1990

T-cellular immune reactions (in macrophage inhibition factor assay) against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.

A mycobacterial aetiology has been suggested for Crohn's disease. A slow growing mycobacterium, biochemically and genetically identical to M paratuberculosis, the causative agent of enteritis in ruminants (Johne's disease), has been isolated from gut specimens of patients affected by Crohn's disease. If M paratuberculosis or other mycobacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease, then patients may have been sensitised to these mycobacteria or show an anergy immune reaction. We therefore investigated the T-cell mediated immune response to sonicates of M paratuberculosis, M kansasii, M avium, and M tuberculosis in 35 patients with Crohn's disease, 28 with ulcerative colitis, and 25 controls using a macrophage inhibition factor assay on peripheral blood lymphocytes. Two types of reaction patterns were identified--that is, 'responders' (subjects with a macrophage inhibition factor assay in which a dose response relation was present and a percentage of inhibition exceeding 20%), and 'non-responders'. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of responders (59%-80%) and non-responders (20%-41%) to these mycobacteria between the group of Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and control group. We found also that a large proportion of controls showed T-cell immunisation to the mycobacteria which supports the contention that the antigens are practically commensal. Our results do not support the proposed involvement of mycobacteria in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Biochemical characteristics of various strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Biochemical activities of 20 wild-type strains and of 2 laboratory strains of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were evaluated. Biochemical activities evaluated were growth at 30 C, 37 C, and 42 C; production of urease, niacin, pyrazinamidase, arylsulfatase, and catalase; hydrolyzation of Tween 80; reduction of nitrate and tellurite; and growth in 5% NaCl. Antimicrobial susceptibility to thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide (10 micrograms/ml), neotetrazolium chloride (1:40,000), streptomycin (2 micrograms/ml), rifampin (0.25 micrograms/ml), and isoniazid (10 micrograms/ml) also was determined. Generally, M paratuberculosis was biochemically inactive, with only a few strains producing pyrazinamidase and maintaining catalase activity after heating. All strains grew optimally at 37 C, grew slightly at 30 C, and did not grow at 42 C. Wild-type strains did not grow in the presence of neotetrazolium chloride, streptomycin, and rifampin, and grew in the presence of thiophene-2-carboxylic acid hydrazide and isoniazid. Although biochemical evaluation can be used as an aid in the identification of M paratuberculosis, growth rate, and mycobactin dependency remain major criteria for positive identification.

Amidohydrolases↗
PubMed1992

Effects of mycobactin J and lactoferrin supplementation of drinking water on the in vivo multiplication of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in gnotobiotic mice.

In this study the effect of supplementation of drinking water with mycobactin J or lactoferrin on the multiplication of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in gnotobiotic mice was investigated. The results indicated that neither mycobactin J nor lactoferrin, at the doses used, appeared to have any effect on fecal shedding or tissue burdens of M. paratuberculosis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

Associations between dairy production indices and lipoarabinomannan enzyme-immunoassay results for paratuberculosis.

Data from an epidemiological study in Ontario, involving 304 dairy herds, were used to identify associations between selected production indices and lipoarabinomannan antigen serological test results for paratuberculosis (LAM-ELISA). Analyses were conducted at both the herd and individual cow levels of organization. After analytically controlling for management and cow factors in the respective regression models, positive serological paratuberculosis status (as defined by the LAM-ELISA test), was associated with higher milk somatic cell counts at both the herd average (p less than 0.01), and individual cow levels of organization (p less than 0.0001). In contrast, LAM-ELISA test results were consistently not associated with calving intervals in either the herd average or individual cow level analyses. Associations between LAM-ELISA results and milk production were inconsistent. No associations were found at the herd level of organization, and LAM-ELISA results were not associated with a change in breed class average (BCA) for milk, between the previous and the most recent lactations of individual cattle. However, at the individual cow level, LAM-ELISA results were positively associated with higher milk production as measured by the current BCA (p less than 0.05), and individual cow average kg of milk produced per year of life since two years of age (p less than 0.0001).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease.

IgG antibodies against Mycobacterium paratuberculosis protoplasmic antigen were looked for by an enzyme immunosorbent assay in patients with Crohn's disease, Ulcerative colitis, active pulmonary tuberculosis, past pulmonary tuberculosis, and in healthy controls. Serum reactivity for these antibodies was not correlated to PPD skin test positivity without history of mycobacterial disease. A cutoff based on the mean absorbance value of a pool of healthy blood donors was chosen. Positive values were found in 12/24 (50%) patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis and 2/10 (20%) skin-test-positive subjects with past pulmonary tuberculosis as expected, because antigenic sharing is common among different mycobacteria. The control group of blood donors showed borderline positivities in 3/149 cases (2.01%). Positive values were found in 4/108 (3.70%) patients with Crohn's disease and 2/40 (5%) with ulcerative colitis. We conclude that our data do not support a causal relationship between the M. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease, but occasional patients with inflammatory bowel diseases show unexpected positivities for these mycobacterial antibodies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Lysis and fractionation of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Escherichia coli by matrix solid-phase dispersion.

A novel method for the lysis and subsequent fractionation of bacterial constituents from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis strain 19698 (M. paratuberculosis) and Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha utilizing the technique of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is described. Bacteria were blended with octadecylsilyl (C18) derivatized silica to obtain cellular lysis. The blended material was used to prepare a column which was sequentially eluted with solvents of increasing polarity. Fractionation of cellular components was confirmed by analysis of the solvent extracts. The possible applicability of the MSPD technique as a general method for the lysis and fractionation of bacterial components is proposed.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1988

IgG, IgM and IgA in the serum of cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Serum IgG, IgM and IgA antibody response in 20 cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and in 15 non-infected cattle were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A strong IgG response was detected in 16 (80%) of the infected animals. Diagnostic levels of IgM were detectable in all of the infected animals as well as in 8 (53%) of the non-infected animals. Animals with paratuberculosis had a very weak specific serum IgA response and this appears to be of little value in detection of infection in these animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

The effect of different levels of iron intake on the multiplication of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in C57 and C3H mice.

Two groups of C57 and C3H mice of 5 weeks of age were infected via the intraperitoneal route with 2.0 mg (wet weight) of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. These were maintained with a similar number of segregated and non-inoculated mice of the same strains under specially controlled conditions of low, medium and high iron intake. Mice were killed and bled at 7 months post-infection and assessments of haematological parameters and the degree of mycobacterial granulomatous involvement of abdominal and other tissues were made. In addition, the total mycobacterial numbers visible in macrophages in standardized histological sections of liver, spleen and bone marrow in the presence or absence of stainable iron storage compounds were assessed using a double staining technique for iron and mycobacteria. Moderate to marked anaemia in both C57 and C3H mice on low iron intake, irrespective of infection, indicated that an effective low iron status was achieved in the animals by dietary manipulation. Medium and high iron intake groups exhibited normal haematological parameters. Iron storage compounds were readily visible in liver microgranulomas of mice on medium and high, but not on low iron intake. In liver, spleen and bone marrow samples, mycobacterial counts in iron-containing microgranulomas were significantly higher than in those without stainable iron. Increased frequencies of residual and progressive infection were associated with increased iron intake. The greater susceptibility of the C57 strain was evident from the significantly higher liver microgranuloma counts, higher mycobacterial numbers and greater progressive infection when compared with the C3H strain. These findings in mice strongly suggest that slow multiplication of M. paratuberculosis is enhanced in iron-replete compared with iron-deficient macrophages. This enhancement occurs despite the capacity of the less susceptible strain of mouse to limit the spread of the organism within the body.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

The specificity of antibody response in experimental and natural bovine paratuberculosis studied by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel.

The sonicate antigen (MPS) of a local strain (IVRI) of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and a commercial lysate of Strain 18 were analysed using hyperimmune rabbit and calf antisera to MPS in crossed immunoelectrophoresis with intermediate gel (CIE-ig) and sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The rabbit antiserum was more potent than the calf antiserum and it precipitated 35 and 15 antigens, respectively, among MPS and lysate antigens. SDS-PAGE resolved 50 and 32 peptides among these antigens respectively, of which, 35 and 15 were precipitated by rabbit antiserum. A CIE-ig reference system, with 30 MPS antigens, was standardized and used to analyse antibody specificities among sera derived from animals experimentally and naturally infected with bovine paratuberculosis. Fourteen antigens of MPS were found to be reactive with these sera and among these, Antigens 2 and 5 were found to be serodominant; sonicate antigens of M. bovis BCG and M. avium did not contain these antigens. Both were high molecular weight (greater than 60 kDa) antigens which may be of serodiagnostic value.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Experimental infection of calves with an apparently specific goat-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis.

Four calves and four goat kids were inoculated perorally with a Norwegian goat-pathogenic strain of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. None of the calves developed clinical disease, pathological lesions or humoral antibody response, but the organism was reisolated from the small intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes when the calves were slaughtered after 7, 12, 14 and 18 months, respectively. As one of the goats died of non-specific causes and one did not become infected, two remained as positive controls. One of these became subclinically and one clinically infected, but both showed distinct histopathological lesions at necropsy. Both were shown to be positive in the complement fixation test (CFT) and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) but only the clinically affected goat proved positive in the agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test. The AGID test was found to be of low diagnostic value, and the ELISA was as sensitive as the CFT in detecting infection at an early stage. However, when infection was finally established, the ELISA titres became far higher than the CFT titres. The results confirm previous experience in Norway, that the current Norwegian strain of M. paratuberculosis has little or no pathogenicity for cattle.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Intestinal lesions resembling paratuberculosis in a wild rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

One of three feral rabbits from a colony on a hill grazing used to sustain farmed red deer in north-east Scotland, had chronic intestinal lesions resembling paratuberculosis (Johne's disease), but similar lesions were not found in 29 juvenile and adult rabbits killed subsequently on the same ground. Acid- and alcohol-fast bacteria were observed in fixed tissues, but material for culture was not obtained from the affected rabbit, thus the species of Mycobacterium involved was not identified. The farmed deer had experienced recently a severe outbreak of paratuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Antibodies to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis-specific protein antigens in Crohn's disease.

The possible role of infection with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (MAP) for the etiopathogenesis of Crohn's disease (CD) has been a matter of long-term controversy. In addition to similarities with the pathology of ruminant paratuberculosis, DNA fingerprinting confirmed the organism isolated from gut tissue, but the specificity of the immune repertoire has not as yet been evaluated. We report here on a serological study of 29 patients with CD, 20 patients with ulcerative colitis and 18 healthy control subjects, using three antigens attributed with species-specificity and selective immunogenicity following MAP infection. Antibodies binding to the 38-kD band of MAP extract were demonstrable by the Western blot technique in 57% of CD patients. Antibody levels to the 24-kD (p24BCD) cathodic bands, determined by competition ELISA using a monospecific murine antiserum, and to the 18-kD protease-resistant purified bacterioferritin, detected by standard ELISA, were significantly elevated in 53% of CD patients. However, these three antibody specificities tested in individual CD patients did not show any correlation with each other. Thus, 18% of patients were positive for all three specificities, whilst 84% had antibodies to at least one of the specific antigens. Although the exact proportion of affected patients is yet to be defined, the serological results obtained support the view that MAP infection may play an etiological role in Crohn's disease.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1986

Immunodiffusion analysis shows that Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria are variants of Mycobacterium avium.

Antigenic analysis by immunodiffusion has been applied to 74 strains of mycobactin-dependent mycobacteria. Thirty-eight strains were of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from cases of Johne's disease of cattle or goats. The remaining cultures were obtained from a variety of animals and included the wood pigeon bacillus. Rabbit antisera were raised to some of the strains and these, together with antisera to M. avium and M. intracellulare, were used to examine sonicate preparations of all the cultures. All were found to be antigenically identical with M. avium and none were found to belong to M. intracellulare. A predominance of the cultures from Johne's disease belonged to the potential brunense subspecies of M. avium, and the remainder together with the majority of the other mycobactin-dependent strains belonged to the type subspecies. In view of these findings the separate species status of M. paratuberculosis is refuted and some difficulty remains in the nomenclature of strains giving rise to Johne's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Some diagnostic features of the pathogenesis of bovine paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) and serum biochemical changes after oral reinfection.

Ten bull-calves were infected with 10(8) viable cells of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis per os. During the 400-day period of observation faecal and blood samples were taken from animals at 30-day intervals. Faecal samples were examined microscopically, blood samples by the CFT, AGID and LST tests. Intradermal allergic tests were carried out at PI (post infection) days 92, 217, 336, using mammalian, avian and johnin PPD. In the period of study, these efficiency indices showed fluctuations characteristic of the given tests. In the period between PI day 160 and 400 fifteen biochemical parameters were measured monthly, TRP, ALP, TRIG and CHOL were reduced by day 400, pointing to disorders of digestion and absorption. Increased activities of CK, ALD, LDH, alpha-HBDH and ALT indicated skeletal muscle and/or liver damage in the first place. Serum CK, ALD activities and TRIG and TRP concentrations may serve as useful complementary values to the specific diagnosis of paratuberculosis, particularly in the advanced stage of the disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Mycobacterial antigen detection by immunohistochemistry in goat paratuberculosis.

An immunohistochemical method (PAP) for a microscopic diagnosis of paratuberculosis in goats is described as an alternative method to the Ziehl-Neelsen technique. Mycobacterial antigens are only found in enteric and mesenteric lymph node lesions. This method is the most sensible, particularly in cases in which there are no paratuberculosis lesions and the Ziehl-Neelsen technique shows no acid-fast bacilli (AFB).

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Immunohistochemical distribution of ferritin, lactoferrin, and transferrin in granulomas of bovine paratuberculosis.

Granulomatous lesions of bovine paratuberculosis contained ferritin, lactoferrin, and a small amount of transferrin, as demonstrated by the immunohistochemical method. Macrophages in the normal bovine ileum did not contain lactoferrin and transferrin; however, ferritin was found in individual macrophages of Peyer's patches. These results may help elucidate the relationship between intracellular growth of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the presence of iron-binding proteins in the granulomas.

Animals↗