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Results for “family functioning”

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PubMed1996

Adolescents' perceptions of family functioning in the United Arab Emirates.

A sample of 710 subjects between 14 and 19 years of age were examined to assess psychological health of United Arab Emirates (UAE) families with adolescent members. The Family Functioning Questionnaire (FFQ) based upon the adolescent's perception of his or her family life and climate contains seven dimensions that constitute the family functioning process: family structure, emotional fulfillment, internal relations, behavioral control, value transmission, basic requirements, and external relations. Results indicate that the adolescents perceived their families to be operating more toward the functional than dysfunctional end of the scale. Males scored their families more functional in family structure and in external relations more significantly than did females. Females perceived their families as more functioning in internal relations, behavioral control, and basic requirements. However, a trend was found in favor of males on emotional fulfillment. Family functioning scores were higher in upper social economic status (SES) families than in other SES levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Changes in family functioning during treatment and drinking outcomes for high and low autonomy alcoholics.

Alcoholics' level of autonomy was hypothesized to have a moderating effect on the relationship between changes in family functioning and subsequent drinking behavior. Functioning of families of patients in outpatient alcoholism treatment was assessed prior to the onset of treatment and again 6 months later. For alcoholics who were low in autonomy, perceptions of improvements in functioning predicted better drinking outcomes during a subsequent 6-month follow-up, while changes in family functioning were unrelated to drinking behavior in high autonomy alcoholics. The areas of family functioning in which change was a significant predictor of later drinking primarily concerned the quality of interactions between family members. Alcoholics' gender, psychiatric comorbidity, and the type of treatment they received did not moderate the relationship between changes in family functioning and drinking outcomes. Implications for the treatment of alcoholic patients and the limitations of the research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Family functioning in young children with cystic fibrosis: observations of interactions at mealtime.

This study examined family functioning at mealtime, a context relevant to the management of cystic fibrosis (CF). Thirty-three families of children with CF and a control sample of 33 families of children without a chronic illness were assessed. Family functioning was rated during a videotaped dinner using the McMaster Mealtime Interaction Coding System (MICS), and mealtime behavioral problems were assessed using the Behavioral Pediatrics Feeding Assessment Scale (BPFAS). Ratings for families of children with CF were lower than for control families on overall functioning and five of six MICS dimensions (Communication, Interpersonal Involvement, Behavior Control, Affect Management, Roles). In families of children with CF, better family functioning was related to less frequently occurring mealtime behavioral problems (BPFAS); however, family functioning was not related to the child's weight status or the child's caloric intake. Data support that nutritional intervention may be maximized if dietary adherence is promoted in the context of positive parent-child and family interactions.

Body Weight↗
PubMed2006

Family functioning and mood disorders: a comparison between patients with major depressive disorder and bipolar I disorder.

Within a sample of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 121) and bipolar affective disorder (BPAD; n = 69), the authors examined (a) diagnostic differences in family functioning at acute episode, (b) diagnostic differences in family functioning at episode recovery, (c) within-group changes in family functioning from acute episode to recovery, and (d) whether within-group changes from acute episode to recovery varied by diagnosis. Using a multidimensional model, the authors evaluated interviewer, patient, and family ratings. Overall, patients with MDD and BPAD evidenced similar levels of family impairment at acute episode and recovery. Generally, patients in both groups experienced improvement in family functioning over time, yet mean scores at recovery continued to range from fair to poor. Although certain specific differences emerged, diagnostic groups appeared to be more similar than different in level and pattern of family functioning.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Family functioning when children have cystic fibrosis.

The purpose of this study was to compare family functioning between 32 mothers with a child who had been diagnosed with cystic fibrosis (Group 1) and 32 mothers with a child who did not have cystic fibrosis (Group 2). The children's ages ranged from 4 months to 3 years. The mothers' perceptions of their family's functioning was measured by the Feetham Family Functioning Survey. There were no significant differences found between the groups on the total score of the Feetham Family Functioning Survey. Both groups of mothers reported that they were quite satisfied with their family functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Family functioning and psychological well-being, school adjustment, and problem behavior in chinese adolescents with and without economic disadvantage.

Using an indigenously developed measure of family functioning, the author examined the association between family functioning and adolescent adjustment in 1,519 Chinese adolescents. Results showed that family functioning was significantly related to measures of adolescent psychological well-being (existential well-being, life satisfaction, self-esteem, sense of mastery, general psychiatric morbidity), school adjustment (perceived academic performance, satisfaction with academic performance, and school conduct), and problem behavior (delinquent and substance abuse behavior). Family functioning was generally more strongly related to measures of adolescent adjustment for adolescents with economic disadvantage than for adolescents without economic disadvantage.

Achievement↗
PubMed1982

Family functioning as a mediating variable affecting psychosocial adjustment of children with cystic fibrosis.

Family functioning was examined as a mediating variable affecting adjustment in children with cystic fibrosis. Three groups of children (cystic fibrosis, asthma, and healthy control subjects) were initially compared on two dimensions of adjustment: self-concept and frequency of behavior problems. The families of these children were compared according to functional level of "cohesion" and "adaptability" (assessed by an as yet unvalidated family functioning measure). No significant difference was found between the groups in family functioning or children's self-concept. The two groups of chronically ill children did have significantly higher frequencies of behavior problems than had the healthy children. When there was statistical control for effects related to family functioning, however, this difference was not significant. Family functioning was found to be a better predictor of child adjustment than was the presence of illness. These results are consistent with recent research suggesting that children with cystic fibrosis adjust in basically healthy ways and that any deficits result more from mediating factors. In this study family functioning was found to be an important mediating factor in this process.

Asthma↗
PubMed1996

Indicators of long-term family functioning following severe traumatic brain injury in adults.

This study investigated the degree of association between four sets of predictor variables (demographic, injury-related, patient functioning, and caregiver functioning variables) and the criterion variable of long-term family functioning following severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thirty families participated in the study and a minimum of 3.5 years had elapsed since the time of injury. The mean length of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) for the brain-injured individuals was 92.4 days. Data collection took place in the family home and both the brain-injured family members and primary caregivers were involved. Standard regression analyses revealed that two sets of variables accounted for a significant amount of variance in long-term family functioning. The largest amount of variance, 55% (44% adjusted), was accounted for by the caregivers' self-report variables which measured caregivers' depression, social support, and coping as well as caregivers' preceptions of patient competency. Overall, measures of severity of injury (PTA), residual neurobehavioural function, and adequacy of social support for caregivers proved to be reliable and significant indicators of family functioning. These findings are discussed with respect to their implications for service delivery and long-term provision of support for caregivers of severely brain-injured individuals living with their families.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Family functioning, cultural orientation, and psychological well-being among university students in Lebanon.

The author examined the relationship between perceived family functioning, the cultural orientations of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism, and psychological well-being in a group of 182 university students in Lebanon. Factor analysis of the present data from the 12-item General Functioning Scale of the Family Assessment Device (GF-FAD) resulted in the extraction of one general factor, accounting for 43% of the variance. On the basis of North American cutoff values, the author found that 60.5% of the university students perceived their family as healthy and that 39.5% perceived their family as unhealthy. Male students perceived their families as somewhat more dysfunctional than did female students. Muslim students perceived their families as more dysfunctional than did Christian students. As the author expected, family functioning was associated with the culture-related personality dimension of horizontal collectivism and with perceived psychological well-being. Overall, the findings supported the structure and usefulness of the GF-FAD in the Lebanese context and the importance of viewing family functioning from the perspective of individual cultural orientation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlates of family functioning when a child has attention deficit disorder.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among selected demographic and psychosocial family characteristics and family functioning and to identify which combination of variables best predicts family functioning when a child has attention deficit disorder. Seventy-six mothers and 47 fathers from 79 families participated in the study. The target child had been previously diagnosed with attention deficit disorder either with or without hyperactivity and aggressive symptoms. A significant correlation between family functioning and age of the hyperactive child was supported. Families of older children reported poorer functioning, and parenting competence was negatively related to parental perception of the child's behavior. Older age of the child in combination with higher levels of impulsivity/hyperactivity were significant in predicting family functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Predictors of family functioning eight months following birth.

A theoretical causal model was tested to determine the effects of stress on family functioning for four groups of parents at 8 months postpartum. High-risk women who had been hospitalized during pregnancy, their partners, low-risk women, and their partners were tested to find how predictors might differ by gender and risk-status. The proposed theoretical model had low predictive power among the four groups (20% to 24%); however, the exploratory, empirical models had moderate to strong explanatory power (33% to 58%). Depression had direct effects on family functioning among all four groups in the theoretical model, but the respecified models had direct effects only among the two groups of women. Antepartal stress in the form of negative life events stress had indirect effects on women's family functioning, as was hypothesized, but not for men. High-risk men's partners' pregnancy risk had direct effects on family functioning at 8 months, indicating long-term effects on the family of a high-risk pregnancy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Families of young children with handicaps: parental stress and family functioning.

The association of the presence of a child with handicaps and parental stress and family dysfunctioning was examined. Fifty-five families with young children with handicaps were compared with a matched group of families of children without handicaps on the variables of parental stress and family functioning. Results of family psychological measures suggest that families may be resilient in adapting to the demands of raising a child with handicaps. Although families of such children appeared to have high degrees of stress, they differed only minimally from other families in their family functioning. These results reinforce the need for family intervention to alleviate parental stress and for individualized programs emphasizing family strengths and idiosyncratic attributes.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1989

Family functioning, temperament, and psychologic adaptation in children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies.

Family functioning and child temperament variables were investigated as predictors of psychologic and social adaptation in 42 children with congenital or acquired limb deficiencies. Higher psychologic and social adaptation were seen when there was more family cohesion and moral-religious emphasis and organization, in combination with less family conflict. With regard to child temperament, more emotionality predicted greater internalizing and externalizing behavior problems and less social competence. In addition to the main effects of the family functioning and child temperament predictor variables, the interaction between family cohesion and child emotionality significantly predicted both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. The findings are discussed in terms of the risk and protective effects of family functioning domains and temperament on the psychologic and social adaptation of children with visible physical handicaps.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Development of an empirical typology of African American family functioning.

This study empirically identified types of African American families. Adolescents (N = 111) were assessed on family functioning. With cluster analytic methods, 3 types of families were identified. The cohesive-authoritative type was above average on parental education and income, averaged about 2 children, exhibited a high quality of family functioning and high self-esteem in adolescents. The conflictive-authoritarian type had average parental education and income, an average of 2.7 children, exhibited controlling and rigid discipline, and placed a high emphasis on achievement. The defensive-neglectful type was predominately headed by single mothers with below average education and income and averaged about 3 children. Such families displayed chaotic family processes, and adolescents tended to suffer from low self-esteem. The typology exhibited good reliability. The implications of the typology are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Family functioning and stress as predictors of influenza B infection.

A prospective cohort study was designed to study the effects of family functioning and stress on the incidence of influenza infection. Families from the clinic roster, containing two adults and at least one child between the ages of 1 and 18 years, were asked to participate. Baseline (pre-influenza) data included a serum determination for influenza A and B antibodies, family functioning as measured by the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES) II and the Family APGAR, and parental stress as measured by the social readjustment rating scale (SRRS). During the study all family members of patients with upper respiratory tract infection symptoms or fever were seen, and throat swabs were obtained for viral culture. Approximately 2 weeks after the influenza epidemic ended (March 1984), sera for antibodies were again collected on all family members. Chi-square analysis showed that infection (defined as a fourfold titer rise or a positive viral throat culture) was significantly associated with both cohesion and adaptability as measured by FACES II. Neither the Family APGAR nor the SRRS was associated with influenza B infection. It was concluded that family functioning affects the frequency of influenza B infection within families. This finding raises the possibility that family dysfunction may lead to altered immune responses, which increases susceptibility to infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Predictors of family functioning one year following traumatic brain injury in children.

This study examined changes in family functioning and predictors of family outcome during the year following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The families of 94 children with TBI (mild = 50, moderate = 25, severe = 19), ages six to 15, were consecutively enrolled from two regional medical centers. Family interview ratings and standard measures of family and child functioning were completed three weeks after injury (measuring preinjury status), as well as three and 12 months. Two-thirds of families had moderate to good preinjury global functioning and coping resources, but more than half exhibited high levels of stress and at-risk family relationships. No significant preinjury differences by injury severity were seen on any measure. Whereas few changes in family functioning were observed over the year in the mild or moderate groups, greater deterioration occurred in the severe group. From one third to one half noted moderate to severe strain in 13 problem areas often seen in individuals with TBI. Preinjury family global functioning, however, was more strongly predictive of 12-month family functioning (R2 = .38 to .68) than was injury severity (R2 = .05 to .09). In four out of five outcome areas assessed at 12 months, preinjury status in each area was the strongest single predictor. Preinjury coping was the best predictor of stress. Families at risk can be identified and need ongoing support for optimal functioning.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2001

In vitro fertilization and the family: quality of parenting, family functioning, and child psychosocial adjustment.

This study examined associations between homologous in vitro fertilization (IVF) and quality of parenting, family functioning, and emotional and behavioral adjustment of 3-7-year-old children. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Taiwan with 54 IVF mother-child pairs and 59 mother-child pairs with children conceived naturally. IVF mothers reported a greater level of protectiveness toward their children than control mothers. Teachers, blind to condition, rated IVF mothers as displaying greater warmth but not overprotective or intrusive parenting behaviors toward their children. Teachers scored children of IVF as having fewer behavioral problems than control children. In contrast, IVF mothers reported less satisfaction with aspects of family functioning. Family composition moderated parenting stress: IVF mothers with only 1 child perceived less parenting stress than did those in the control group.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The relationship between the quality of life of children with asthma and family functioning.

The quality of life of 84 children with asthma, aged 7-12 years, and their family functioning was assessed using standard questionnaires. A significant relationship was found between children's reports of their quality of life and several key dimensions of family functioning. The results suggest that independent of their frequency, the extent to which asthma symptoms upset and bother children varies depending on the level of the functioning of the children's families. Treatment approaches designed to improve family functioning may reduce the extent to which children are bothered by their asthma symptoms and thus improve their quality of life.

Adult↗