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Results for “environmental variability”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The relationship of drug program environmental variables to treatment outcome.

The Moos Community Oriented Program Environment Scale (COPES) was administered to 244 adolescent clients and 131 drug counselors in 30 "drug-free" outpatient drug treatment programs. Four of the COPES factor scores were found to predict significantly to treatment outcome (as measured by reduction in drug use): client ratings of "Spontaneity", and staff ratings of "Personal Problem Orientation", "Practical Problem Orientation", and "Order and Organization". The more positive the ratings of the program environments, the greater the reduction in client-reported drug use from admission to discharge. The "discrepancies" (differences) between staff and client perceptions of the programs on two of the COPES factors ("Autonomy" and "Staff Control") were also found to predict significantly to treatment outcome (as measured by reduction in drug use). The greater the discrepancy, the less successful was the treatment outcome. In the programs in which the clients tended to perceive the staff as less encouraging of client autonomy and as exercising more control over the clients relative to the staff's perceptions of these relationships, the clients tended to have less successful treatment outcomes. One possible interpretation of this finding might be that in the programs which have client populations that are more poorly motivated and more resistant to treatment, the clients will not only tend to have poorer treatment outcomes but will also perceive the program environment more negatively and thus will tend to disagree more with the staff's perceptions of the program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The effects of six environmental variables on Pasteurella multocida populations in water.

The effects of protein, pH, temperature, sodium chloride (NaCl), clays, sucrose, and their interactions on the survival and growth of Pasteurella multocida were evaluated. Pasteurellae populations declined rapidly in waters maintained at 2 C, compared to 18 C. Increasing water soluble proteins by 175 micrograms/ml, and NaCl by 0.5%, greatly enhanced survival of P. multocida, whereas variations in pH, clays, and sucrose had relatively minor effects. Pasteurella multocida survived for over 1 yr in some samples of water. This is the longest known survival of these bacteria in water.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Parents' perception of environmental variables in pediatric offices.

In a study of 15 pediatric practices in the Greater Hartford, Connecticut area the effects of 16 reception room variables upon the comfort and behavior of children were investigated. A total of 300 parents were requested to rate the variables as to their relative importance to the child's comfort and behavior when well and when acutely ill. Variables were differentially ranked both within and between stiuations. The "human-oriented" variables were perceived as generally more important in the care of an acutely ill child. For the well child, a mixture of "human-oriented" and "physical" variables were perceived as having an impact on the comfort and behavior of the patient.

Attitude↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Environmental variables and intertidal beach annelids of São Sebastião Channel (State of São Paulo, Brazil).

Benthic annelid communities were studied during a one-year period (August/95 to July/96) in two sectors of the beaches Engenho d'Agua and São Francisco, São Sebastião Channel (São Paulo, Brazil), where the substrate is composed by a mixture of sand and rock fragments. Abiotic parameters such as salinity of interstitial water and sediment properties were used to characterize the environment. The polychaetes were well represented in the two sectors and their distribution was related with sediment type. The density of individuals and the number of taxa was higher at São Francisco, while the diversity and the evenness were higher at Engenho d'Agua. This difference can be a consequence of organic enrichment caused by domestic input, and of the lower and more variable salinity at São Francisco. Due to these factors, the high density of opportunistic species, like Capitella capitata ssp., Scolelepis squamata, Laeonereis acuta and several oligochaetes, represented 75.5% of total abundance at this sector.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Environmental variables and abundance of eggs of Anchoa mitchilli (Pisces: Engraulidae) in Tamiahua lagoon, Mexico].

Egg abundance of Anchoa mitchilli was studied in Laguna de Tamiahua, Veracruz during three annual cycles (84-85, 85-86 and 86-87). Our goal was to detect areas and seasons with high egg abundance and the possible association of such areas and seasons with covariates such as temperature, salinity, transparency, depth, location, season and year. The association was tested statistically using a Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with Gamma type error. The results suggest that not all the covariates considered have a significant effect on egg abundance (Student's T, p > 0.005). The significant effects show the presence of a seasonal component and that the effect of salinity on egg abundance is conditional to location. High average egg abundances for the three annual cycles were observed during summer. The presence of significant interactions (Student's T, p < 0.05) during the last two annual cycles shows that the variability of egg abundance is associated to surface temperature and salinity, conditionally to year.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Response of the tropical cobitid Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes) to environmental variables: an experimental approach.

Lepidocephalichthys thermalis (Valenciennes), the Malabar loach, widely occurs in comparatively calm water bodies of the southwestern portion of peninsular India. Results are presented of a series of studies on the burying behaviour, breathing habits, respiratory metabolism, temperature tolerance and reaction to induced toxic conditions of the fish; characteristic features of the fish in relation to the constraints imposed by the environment are discussed.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2004

Culex mosquitoes in temporary urban rain pools: seasonal dynamics and relation to environmental variables.

The study was conducted in a park of Buenos Aires City, where a total of 89 rain pools were sampled weekly for mosquito immature stages over a one-year period. The aim of the present paper was to investigate the seasonal dynamics of three Culex species breeding in temporary rain pools and to analyze the relationships of the presence of these species to pool dimensions, pool age, vegetation, and insolation degree. The three species showed differences in their seasonal patterns, Culex dolosus being present during the whole year, Culex pipiens mainly in the summer season, and Culex maxi almost exclusively during the fall. The variable explaining most of the variation among sampling dates in species composition was weekly mean temperature. A significant positive association was detected among mosquito species, as they were recorded together more frequently than expected by chance. The statistical analyses performed revealed significant positive relationships of all three mosquito species to increasing surface area, whereas no relationship to insolation degree was detected in the studied pools. Culex pipiens and Culex dolosus showed positive relationships to increasing vegetation cover, whereas the presence of Culex dolosus was also related to pool age.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children aged 10-17 of endogenous unipolar depressive parents and of normal parents. I. Psychopathology rate and relationship of the severity of the psychopathology to familial and environmental variables.

Seventy two children aged 10-17 of 42 endogenous unipolar depressive parents (proband children) and 72 children aged 10-17 of 66 normal parental couples (control children) were studied. Overall rate of psychopathology (disorders present at the time of investigation and one year before) reached 51% in proband children and 29% in control children. Depressive disorder rate reached 10% in proband children and 4% in control children. The sex of the depressive parent did not influence the psychopathology rate in offspring, while the early age of onset of the illness (under 30 years) in parent increased the psychopathology risk in children. The severity of the psychopathology in children defined as functional impairment was significantly dependent on the severity of the depressive illness in proband parent, the presence of psychopathology in the spouse of the depressive parent, the presence of psychopathology in the relatives of both parents, the socio-cultural level of the family and the violence expressed in the familial atmosphere.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[Gradients of inorganic components in enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth. I. Lead concentration in children with variable environmental conditions].

The concentration of lead in four layers of dental hard tissues was analysed in 108 deciduous teeth of children from nine places of the G.D.R.. The result was a typical gradient from enamel to dentine. The average concentration of lead corresponds with that of other industrial countries. Although regional differences were found equal exposition of lead for both urban and rural areas can be assumed.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The influence of physical and environmental variables on the in vitro attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to the ceca of chickens.

This investigation was designed to study the effect of exposure time, pH, age of bird, and native intestinal microflora on the in vitro attachment of Salmonella typhimurium to the ceca of chickens. Ceca were surgically removed from chickens immediately after euthanasia, and the interiors were exposed to S. typhimurium as intact ceca with contents, intact ceca rinsed free of contents, or inverted rinsed ceca. Attachment of S. typhimurium was slightly higher in washed than in unwashed ceca. Neither pH nor age of chicks affected attachment of the organism to ceca. There was no difference in attachment of salmonellae to inverted washed ceca after 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 min exposure, but a one log difference was noted between 10 min and 30 sec.

Aging↗