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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Neutrophil apoptosis, activation and anti-inflammatory cytokine response in granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-treated patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

BACKGROUND: Despite antibiotic treatment, the mortality of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially in patients with severe comorbidity, remains high. Innate defense mechanisms including polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) activation and survival, orchestrated by cytokines, are primarily responsible for the elimination of bacterial organisms from the alveolus. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on PMN activation, apoptosis and cytokine response in patients with CAP. METHODS: Patients received a single dose of G-CSF (1 x 300 or 480 microg s.c.) prior to standard antibiotic treatment (n=8) or standard treatment only (n=8). Apoptosis rate and expression of CD11b, CD66b, CD64 and CD114 surface molecules on systemic PMN were assessed using fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. Levels of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 RA), the soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor inhibitor (sTNF-p55) and G-CSF were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: In the treatment group, 12 h after G-CSF application, neutrophil count increased, neutrophil activation marker CD11b was stimulated (CD11b: 48.6+/-9.7 vs. 71.2+/-17.7, p<0.01), neutrophil apoptosis decreased (apoptosis: 1.36+/-0.27 vs. 0.2+/-0.12%, p <.01) and the concentration of IL-1RA and sTNF-p55 increased (IL-1RA 136.4+/-72.2 vs. 340.1+/-194.6 ng/ml, p<0.01; sTNF-p55,382+/-4,243 vs. 632+/-4,714 ng/ml, p<0.01; control group nonsignificant). These effects were not seen in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The application of a single dose of G-CSF in patients with CAP caused a prolonged survival and increased activation of neutrophils combined with a sustained release of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

[A method of bacterial count by epifluorescence with acridine orange. Application to skin biopsies performed in burnt patients].

Acridine orange was used for staining and counting micro-organisms obtained from 136 skin biopsies performed in burned patients. The number of organisms per gram of tissue was compared to the number of colony-forming-units (CFU) calculated from cultures of the same biopsies. The staining method was positive in 97 per cent of septic samples, and in 25 per cent of these it proved more sensitive than bacterial cultures, with a 100 to 1000-fold greater number of pathogens detected. Acridine orange also demonstrated bacteria in 69 biopsies which remained sterile after culture. In some cases, the same bacterial species was found in other samples taken a few days later.

Acridine Orange↗
PubMed2003

Measurement and prediction of energy expenditure in males during household and garden tasks.

Participation in at least 30 min of moderate intensity activity on most days is assumed to confer health benefits. This study accordingly determined whether the more vigorous household and garden tasks (sweeping, window cleaning, vacuuming and lawn mowing) are performed by middle-aged men at a moderate intensity of 3-6 metabolic equivalents (METs) in the laboratory and at home. Measured energy expenditure during self-perceived moderate-paced walking was used as a marker of exercise intensity. Energy expenditure was also predicted via indirect methods. Thirty-six males [ X (SD): 40.0 (3.3) years; 179.5 (6.9) cm; 83.4 (14.0) kg] were measured for resting metabolic rate (RMR) and oxygen consumption ( VO(2)) during the five activities using the Douglas bag method. Heart rate, respiratory frequency, CSA (Computer Science Applications) movement counts, Borg scale ratings of perceived exertion and Quetelet's index were also recorded as potential predictors of exercise intensity. Except for vacuuming in the laboratory, which was not significantly different from 3.0 METs ( P=0.98), the MET means in the laboratory and home were all significantly greater than 3.0 ( P</=0.006). The sweeping and vacuuming MET means were significantly higher ( P<0.001) at home than in the laboratory, whereas the converse applied for window cleaning and lawn mowing. Measured RMR was significantly lower ( P<0.001) than the 1-MET constant. Estimating METs by fitting random intercept regression models to the data resulted in standard deviations for the "leave-one-out" prediction errors (predicted-measured) of 0.4 and 0.5 METs for the laboratory and home equations, respectively. While the means indicate that all the activities were performed at a moderate intensity, there was great inter-individual variability in energy expenditure. The laboratory and home-based equations predicted with correct classification rates of 89% and 88%, respectively, whether energy expenditure was <3.0 or >/=3.0 METs.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1984

The effect of heating on Y-chromosome detection.

The effect of heating on Y-chromosome detection was investigated. Heat-treated blood was divided into four groups according to the hemolysis pattern obtained by the coil planet centrifuge system. A significant difference between the Y-positive nuclei of males and females was observed up to group III of the hemolysis pattern, and it was possible to determine the sex of the blood donor in spite of karyolysis and degeneration of blood components. However, sex determination of blood in group IV, indicating complete hemolysis, was impossible because of overlapping between male and female Y-chromosome counts. Practical application of this sex determination method was successful even with severely burned cadavers. However, it was suggested that putrefaction together with heat damage made the identification nearly impossible.

Blood Chemical Analysis↗
PubMed1979

Quantitative effects of some pesticides on certain physiological groups of micro-organisms in soil.

Quantitative effects of temik (insecticide and nematocide), orthocide (fungicide), or treflan (herbicide), added to soil at field rate application, on counts of certain desirable soil microorganisms were studied. In the presence of any of the pesticides, counts of aerobic cellulose-decomposers were either stimulated or depressed. Despite the temporarily slight stimulation, observed in some instances of the initial periods, the effect of any pesticide on counts of Azotobacter, N-fixing clostridia, and ammonifiers was subsequently depressive. The period of retardation or stimulation differed according to the chemical composition of the pesticides and physiological properties of micro-organisms. However, the autotrophic nitrifying bacteria, especially ammonium-oxidizers, seemed to be more sensitive and their counts in treated in treated soil were sharply depressed.

Antinematodal Agents↗
PubMed1988

[Uses of flow cytometry in hematology].

Flow Cytometry, an analytical cytology technic which allows several parameters assessment in thousands cells per seconds is frequently used in hematology. The oldest application is the leucocyte count but several news applications have been developed for the analysis of cytomorphological and functional parameters of normal cells and for detection, classification of tumor cells. Most frequent applications are: The phenotyping of cells and the evaluation of relation between antigens and pathology. The cell cycle analysis which can be different in leukemic cells or which can be modified with chemotherapy or other agents. (Radiotherapy ...) Flow Karyotyping and in situ hybridization will extend applications of Flow Cytometry in hematology.

Blood Cells↗
PubMed2000

The risk of progression to invasive disease.

BACKGROUND: Actinic keratoses occasionally progress to invasive skin cancer. The clinician-dermatologist ideally would like to know which lesions are at individual risk. Various investigators have attempted to answer this problem through a variety of clinical research applications including counting individual lesions in populations at risk, in the general population, and by examining insurance claims data and extrapolating incidence figures. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to ascertain the range of risks for progression of actinic keratoses to invasive skin cancer. RESULTS: Five clinical research studies were reviewed that covered a period from 1988 to 1998. Published risk of progression of actinic keratoses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma for individual lesions ranged from 0.025% to 16% per year. Extrapolation from these clinical studies suggests a rate of risk of progression of actinic keratoses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of approximately 8% taken as an average among the cited statistical rates in the studies reviewed. CONCLUSION: Although the rate of progression of actinic keratoses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma statistically occurs at a low percentage rate ( approximately 10%), the problem for the clinician is that the risk over a broad population does not aid in determining the risk factor for the individual lesion. Hence the decision to treat is made on related clinical factors such as history of persistence, age of patient, discomfort, extent of coexisting photodamage, tolerance for morbidity of therapy, and history of skin cancer.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed1999

Indications for an active process underlying spontaneous and radiation-induced micronucleation in L929 cells.

PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanism of micronucleus formation in irradiated L929 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Radiation-induced micronuclei (MN) of L929 cells isolated at 48 and 72 h after irradiation were processed for detection of DNA-laddering and higher-order chromatin fragments using conventional gel electrophoresis and pulse-field gel electrophoresis. Quantification of double-strand breaks in micronuclei and nuclei was performed with the TdT assay and quantified using image analysis. The number of binucleated cells containing micronuclei (cytochalasin B method) was counted after application of three unspecific endonuclease inhibitors (aurin, ATA, spermine), a topoisomerase II inhibitor (VM-26), administration of two PKC inhibitors (H-7, Gö6983) and after addition of N-acetylsphingosine (C2-ceramide). PKC activity was determined by measuring the incorporation of [gamma-32P]ATP into a suitable specific substrate. Proliferation was measured by detection of PCNA, RFP-A and BrdU (30-min pulse labelling) using both conventional immunofluorescence and laser scanning microscopy. RESULTS: (1) Higher chromatin fragments accumulated in MN with a size as they occur during early stages of apoptosis; (2) the frequency of MN was influenced by drugs known to play an important role in signalling and execution of apoptosis (endonucleases, topoisomerase II, protein kinases, ceramide); (3) MN are characterized by a reduced transcription ability (PCNA, RFP-A). CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of L929 MN may be formed by an active process comparable with the early stages of apoptosis; it may play a role in the re-organization of the damaged genome.

1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-Methylpiperazine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lotka's law and the pattern of scientific productivity in the dental science literature.

Statistical regularities can be observed in many natural and social phenomena. From empirical data on the authorship of scientific papers, Lotka deduced an inverse-square law: the number of authors publishing n papers is 1/n2 of those publishing one paper. The general type for the relation (1/n(c)) has a wide range of applicability to a variety of phenomena. This study examined, by means of bibliometric tools, whether Lotka's law could be applied to the literature of dental science. Data came from 20 leading dental science journals, as reported in Journal Citation Reports. The search was performed with a programme developed using Visual Basic for Applications, which counted the number of authors and analysed their contributions to the literature. Authorship for all contributions, as reported in Medline, was compiled for each of these 20 journals for the last 25 years, 1971 through 1995. The total number of authors was 43,796, responsible for 124,556 authorships. The journals published in countries other than the USA exhibited higher degrees of author concentration. The dental science literature conformed very well to Lotka's model with c = 1.95.

Authorship↗
PubMed2004

Comparison of two continuous-flow systems for the collection of peripheral progenitor cells.

New advances in apheresis technology allow for the safe and efficient collection of peripheral progenitor cells (PPC). Two blood cell separators were compared with respect to separation results such as PPC yield and contamination of the products. A total of 11 patients (6 multiple myeloma, 4 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 1 medulloblastoma) underwent PPC collections with either the Amicus (Baxter) or AS. TEC (Fresenius) blood cell separator. PPC were mobilized by chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) application. Blood counts were determined before and after apheresis as well as in the PPC product. CD34 antigen-expressing cells were measured in the peripheral blood and in the PPC product by flow cytometry. Median baseline CD34 antigen-expressing cells were higher in patients undergoing PPC collection with the Amicus device. More PPC/kg of body weight were collected with this machine (5.3 x 10(6)/kg body weight versus 1.7 x 10(6) in the AS. TEC). The median volume was 129 ml (range 80-156 ml) for Amicus products and 111 ml (range 66-202 ml) for the AS. TEC, respectively. The median platelet contamination of the products from the Amicus blood cell separator was significantly lower than in products from the AS. TEC machine (0.17 x 10(11) versus 0.65 x 10(11), p < 0.001). The data show that a higher yield of PPC was collected with the Amicus machine. The platelet contamination of the products obtained from the two blood cells separators was significantly different.

Blood Component Removal↗
PubMed1994

The optimization and application of two direct viable count methods for bacteria in distributed drinking water.

The optimal incubation conditions for the direct viable count method with nalidixic acid were determined. They do not differ from those proposed in the literature for a laboratory strain and a mixed bacterial population isolated from drinking water. The direct viable count method with 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) was performed under in situ conditions. The bacteria were incubated with CTC at concentration of 1 mM for 4-6 h at the temperature of the water in the pipes and without the addition of an exogenous substrate. The results obtained for a laboratory strain using the two direct count methods were similar. However, for a mixed bacterial population, the counts were always higher with the CTC method than with the nalidixic acid method.

Colony Count, Microbial↗
PubMed2001

Application of differential inflammatory cell count as a tool to monitor udder health.

A flow cytometric technique called differential inflammatory cell count was standardized by staining bovine peripheral blood leukocytes with a combination of DNA binding dyes SYBR green 1 and propidium iodide in water. Leukocytes were also stained with propidium iodide in detergent to determine total cell count. Differential inflammatory cell count assay was evaluated with individual quarter milk samples from 13 cows. Cows were sampled at weekly intervals for 3 wk and assayed for total cell count, mononuclear leukocyte count, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count. Simultaneously, milk samples were evaluated by the conventional electronic somatic cell count (SCC) technique. Somatic cell count positively correlated with total cell count (r = 0.9), mononuclear leukocyte count (r = 0.8), and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count (r = 0.89). Quarters with SCC > log10 5.4 had a higher total cell count, mononuclear leukocyte count, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte count and were more often culture positive compared with quarters with SCC < log10 5.4. Quarters that were culture positive on all three test occasions had a higher proportion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (33 to 49%) compared with quarters that were culture negative on all three test occasions (17 to 25%). The findings of this study suggest that differential inflammatory cell count assay has the potential to evolve as a new technique for evaluation of udder health status.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Use of leukocyte-filtered, cytomegalovirus-antibody negative and irradiated cellular blood products].

This paper presents both quality requirements and indications for use of leucocyte-filtered, cytomegalovirus antibody negative and irradiated cellular blood products at Rikshospitalet. Emphasis is placed on the use of standardized buffycoat depleted red cells or platelet concentrates for filtration, and the selection of leucocyte filters with high capacity and ease of bedside application. Leucocyte counts as low as 1-2 10(5) per unit are recommended after filtration in order to avoid HLA-antibody production. For bedside filtration, our choice was RC100 and PL100 (Pall) for red cells and platelets respectively. For laboratory use we prefer, for economic reasons, to use Sepacell R500 (Asahi) and Imugard IG500 (Terumo) for red cells and platelets respectively. Leucocyte-filtered blood products are considered indicated in all pre-transplant transfusions, in post-transplant HLA-sensitized patients, in other patients with febrile transfusion reactions, and in patients with an expected protracted platelet requirement. CMV antibody negative products are recommended for all immuno-deficient patients and pregnant women negative for CMV antibody. Irradiated blood products are used in the treatment of immuno-deficient patients receiving large amounts of blood, and in all severely immuno-compromised patients. In emergency situations where CMV antibody negative and/or irradiated blood products cannot be supplied, leucocyte filtration is suggested.

Antibodies, Viral↗