Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Vaginal Cancer”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

UGP--a tumor marker of gynecologic and breast malignancies? Specificity and sensitivity in pretherapeutic patients and the influence of hormonal substitution on the expression of UGP.

Urinary gonadotropin peptide (UGP) is a 10,300 Dalton peptide which is present in the urine of pregnant women, those with trophoblast disease and those with, certain nontrophoblastic malignancies. We examined the efficiency of UGP measurement at differentiating benign from malignant gynecologic and breast diseases. UGP was measured in 1355 spot urine samples from 841 patients (343 samples from 323 healthy women and women with benign gynecologic and breast diseases, 1012 samples from 518 women with gynecologic malignant diseases or breast cancer). Using a cutoff of > 3 fmol UGP/mg urinary creatinine the specificity was 97%. The sensitivity of UGP was calculated from pretherapeutically collected samples (n = 210). The sensitivity of the test for all malignancies was 26% (ovarian malignancy (n = 27) 52%, endometrial cancer (n = 25) 32%, cervical cancer (n = 49) 29%, breast cancer (n = 72) 19%, vulvar cancer and vaginal cancer (n = 12) 17% and for carcinoma in situ of the breast or the cervix (n = 20) 0%). We also found significantly higher UGP values in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. Hormonal substitution significantly lowered the UGP values.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2001

The frequency of significant pathology in women attending a general gynaecological service for postcoital bleeding.

OBJECTIVES: To document the frequency of pathology in women who complain of postcoital bleeding. To determine whether negative cervical cytology excludes serious pathology in women with postcoital bleeding. To determine whether postcoital bleeding increases the risk of serious pathology in women with an abnormal smear. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: A university teaching hospital. POPULATION: 314 women with postcoital bleeding seen in the gynaecology service from first January 1988 to 31 December 1994. METHODS: Women were identified from the computerised records of the colposcopy service and copies of correspondence, which was routinely retained on computer. The latter was searched for the text strings coital and intercourse. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Histopathological diagnosis. RESULTS: Twelve women (4%) had invasive cancer: 10 were cervical or vaginal cancers and two endometrial cancers. Eight of the 10 cervical or vaginal cancers were clinically apparent. Four women of these 10 had had a normal smear before being referred for further investigation of postcoital bleeding. Two of these cancers were visible only with the aid of the colposcope. Thus, 0.6% of women attending a gynaecology service with postcoital bleeding, a normal looking cervix and a normal smear had invasive cancer of the cervix. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were found in 54 women (17.%) and 15 women (5%) had cervical polyps. Nineteen of the 63 women (30%) with significant pathology had a normal or inflammatory cervical smear. No explanation for the postcoital bleeding was found in 155 women (49 %). CONCLUSIONS: Although invasive cancer is rare in women with postcoital bleeding, it is much commoner than in the general population. It seems likely that cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is also associated with postcoital bleeding, perhaps because the fragile cervical epithelium becomes detached during intercourse. Postcoital bleeding should continue to be regarded as an indication of high risk for invasive cervical cancer and for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Prompt referral to a colposcopy clinic is indicated, but most women with postcoital bleeding will have no serious abnormality.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

[Changes in immunoglobulin-positive cell populations in the vaginal smear during radiotherapy of cervical cancer and their relation to 5-year survival rate].

To study the immunological response of irradiated cervical cancer, vaginal smears were taken from patients with this neoplasm during radiotherapy and stained with fluorescent anti-Igs sera by a direct method. Then, the relationship between the immune response during radiotherapy and a five year cure were discussed. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The mean percentage of the surface IgM-positive cells was 1.9% in normal vaginal smears and 5.8% in cervical cancer. 2. On the changes in the surface IgM-positive cells during radiotherapy, the patients were classified into three groups. Group A: The number of surface IgM-positive cells increased temporarily during radiotherapy. Group B: The number of surface IgM-positive cells decreased gradually during radiotherapy. Group C: The changes in the surface IgM-positive cells were irregular and/or showed little deviation. The five year survival rate for Group A was 81.8% and for Group B was 50.0%. There was significant difference between Group A and Group B in survival rates, and Group A was considered to be an immunoreactive group.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Characteristics of cancer of the female reproductive organs as observed at the Gynecology-Obstetrical Department of the Osijek General Hospital].

In the 1980-1989 period, 671 women were diagnosed with a malignant tumour of reproductive organs at the Department of Gynaecology, Cervical cancer proved most frequent, with 46.5% of the cases, followed by the cancer of the uterine body occurring in 29.5% of the patients. In 18.8% of the women, ovarian and oviductal cancer was diagnosed, whereas vulvar and vaginal cancer was found in 5.5% of the cases. There were 76.1% of the patients older than 50 years. Nulliparas suffered from ovarian and uterine body cancer significantly more often than from cervical cancer (t = 3.794; p less than 0.001, i.e. t = 2.974; p less than 0.001). However, terti- or multiparas had cervical cancer significantly more often than the cancer of ovaries or the uterine body (t = 3.711; p less than 0.001, i.e. t = 3.000; p less than 0.01). The first stage ovarian cancer was diagnosed in 15.0% of women only, whereas 37.1% of cervical and 78.3% of uterine body cancers were discovered at the first stage. At the time of diagnosis, the mean age of the patients with cervical cancer was 55.8 years, with ovarian cancer 57.9 years, with oviductal cancer 57.3 years, with uterine body cancer 60.8 years and with vulvar cancer 71.7 years. There were 34% of cervical cancer patients at the premenopausal age 15.5% with uterine body cancer and 27.5% of those suffering from ovarian cancer. The general five-year survival rate for patients suffering from the cancer of reproductive organs was 40.6%, i.e. 40.5% for cervical cancer, 54.7% for uterine body cancer, 23.4% for ovarian and oviductal cancer and 17.7% for vulvar or vaginal cancer. The total of 25% of the patients were lost from the evidence.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The role of surgery in invasive squamous carcinoma of the vagina.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of surgery in managing patients with a primary squamous vaginal cancer. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted of patients with primary invasive vaginal cancer managed at one institution over a 25-year period. The results were compared with those of all major publications of the past 20 years. RESULTS: A total of 84 patients were reviewed. Forty-five (66%) were of squamous origin. The median follow-up was 45 months (range: 0.6-268). The patients were primarily treated by surgery in 67% and by radiotherapy alone in 33% of cases. The 5- and 10-year overall survival was, respectively, 74 and 58%. For stage I the figures were 91 and 70%. These survival rates compared favorably with those of published series of cases managed by radiotherapy alone. Univariate analysis showed that age (P = 0.004), size (P = 0.009), site (P = 0.016), lymph node status (P = 0.022), FIGO stage (P = 0.027), and treatment (P = 0.003) were relevant prognostic factors. Multiple regression analysis, however, revealed that only age (P = 0.009) and size (P = 0.037) were independent prognostic variables. CONCLUSIONS: Stage I and II squamous vaginal cancer patients have good outcomes in terms of survival and local tumor control if they are managed by initial surgery followed by selective radiotherapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cancer of the vulva and vagina.

Vulvar and vaginal cancer are rare malignancies and require aggressive treatment for survival. The prospect for cure in early stage disease is excellent. The major treatment modalities for these diseases, surgery and radiation, will affect structural alteration of the genitalia, requiring physical and psychological rehabilitation over an extended period of time. Quality of life is an important focus in cancer nursing. Efforts to control symptoms or adverse effects and to enhance the psychological adjustment are important aspects of patient care. Vulvar and vaginal cancer leave obvious residual effects, and disfigurement and dysfunction will be a part of these women's lives. Husbands and partners are also affected, and adjustments of both the patient and her partner are expected to continue for years. An active position assumed by the nurse will aid the patients' adaptive responses to these devastating diseases.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed2001

Optimum screening interventions for gynecologic malignancies.

The availability of screening modalities and improvements in prevention have reduced the risk of developing some cancers over the last few decades. Methods for optimal screening of gynecologic cancers are still being investigated. Cervical cancer is the only gynecologic malignancy for which a screening modality is widely accepted and recommended to all women. Annual screening of cervical cells has been shown to reduce the incidence of cervical cancer by 78%. Unfortunately, more than 50% of cervical cancers occur in women who have not been screened optimally. In the year 2000, an estimated 12,800 women developed cervical cancer. Of these women, 89% were seen by a physician but not screened. Vaginal cancer is associated with a similar etiology, pathobiology, and symptomatology as is cervical cancer. Vaginal dysplasia and cancer can also be detected by the Pap test, but the prevalence of the disease is low. Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecologic cancer. The widespread availability of outpatient biopsy devices has been the most significant advance in the early diagnosis of corpus cancers. Ovarian cancer is the gynecologic malignancy associated with the highest death rate. No modality has been shown as an effective screening method for this cancer. Women with a family history of ovarian cancer may benefit from combined modality screening; prophylactic oophorectomy should be offered to those with hereditary ovarian cancer syndromes. A complete physical examination by the physician offers the best method for early detection of vulvar cancer. Awareness and implementation of recommended screening guidelines for gynecologic cancers by primary care and specialty physicians can decrease the incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Including the genital tract in the complete examination of the female patient could decrease markedly the mortality from the other gynecologic cancers.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Vaginal metastasis of colon cancer.

True vaginal metastases from colonic cancer are exceedingly rare. This often signals an ominous prognosis. More frequently the vagina is synchronously involved by direct contiguous spread from the colonic lesion. We present a case of sigmoid carcinoma with true metastasis to the vagina that was discovered after an interval of 3 weeks when vaginal discharge became evident. To our knowledge, there are only two other papers in the English language previously documenting this phenomenon.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1999

Indole-3-carbinol prevents cervical cancer in human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV16) transgenic mice.

Mice that express transgenes for human papillomavirus type 16 under a keratin 14 promoter (K14-HPV16 mice) develop cervical cancer when they are given 17beta-estradiol chronically. We asked whether the antiestrogenic phytochemical indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables, administered at physiological doses, would prevent the cervical-vaginal cancer that is promoted in these mice by high doses of estrogen. We compared mice that were fed a control diet with those that were fed a diet supplemented with 2000 ppm I3C. In the group fed the control diet, at a dose of estradiol of 0.125 mg per 60-day release, 19 of 25 transgenic mice developed cervical-vaginal cancer within 6 months, and the remainder had dysplasia. Only 2 mice of 24 in the group fed the I3C supplemented diet developed cancer, and the remainder had dysplasia or hyperplasia. I3C reduced dysplasia in the nontransgenic mice. Similar results were obtained at a higher dose of estradiol (0.250 mg per 60-day release), and I3C helped to prevent morbidity associated with retention of fluid in the bladder that frequently occurred with the higher estradiol dose. Additionally, I3C appeared to reduce skin cancer in transgenic mice. These data indicate that I3C is a useful preventive for cervical-vaginal cancer and, possibly, other cancers with a papillomavirus component.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for gynecologic malignancies.

PURPOSE: The study aimed to assess the outcome of locally advanced cervical and vaginal cancer treated with high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDRB). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1998 and 2004, 16 previously unirradiated patients with locally advanced cervical and vaginal cancer not suitable for intracavitary brachytherapy because of distorted anatomy or extensive vaginal disease were treated with HDRB in combination with external beam radiotherapy. All patients received whole pelvis external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) followed by interstitial implantation. The median whole pelvis external beam dose was 45 Gy (range, 39.6-50.4 Gy) with 11 patients receiving parametrial boost to a median dose of 9 Gy. Twelve (75%) of these patients received chemotherapy concurrent with external beam. All patients received a single HDRB procedure using a modified Syed-Neblett template. A CT scan was performed postimplant for needle placement verification and treatment planning purpose. Dose was prescribed to the tumor volume based on the radiographic and clinical examination. All patients received 18.75 Gy in five fractions delivered twice daily. The median followup was 25 months (6-69 months). RESULTS: Median cumulative biologic effective dose (EBRT+HDRB) to tumor volume was 78.9 Gy10 with the range of 72.5-85.2Gy10. Median cumulative biologic effective dose for the rectum and bladder were 99.4 Gy3 (range, 79.6-107.8 Gy3) and 96.4 Gy3 (range, 78.3-105.3 Gy3), respectively. Complete response was achieved in 13 (81%) patients with 3 patients having persistent disease. Five of these 13 patients developed recurrence at a median time of 14 months (distant in 4 and local and distant in 1). The 5-year actuarial local control and cause-specific survival were 75% and 64%, respectively. In subset analysis, 5-year actuarial local control was 63% for cervical cancer patients and 100% for vaginal cancer patients. No patient had acute Grade 3 or 4 morbidity. Grade 3 or 4 delayed morbidity resulting from treatment occurred in 1 patient with 5-year actuarial rate of 7%. Three patients had late Grade 2 rectal morbidity and 1 patient had Grade 2 small bowel morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: Our series suggests that single interstitial implantation procedure with five fractions of 3.75 Gy each to target volume is an effective and safe fractionation schedule. The integration of imaging modality helps in decreasing dose to the critical organs. Additional patients and followup are ongoing to determine the long-term efficacy of this approach.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

[Initial experience in exenteration interventions in the pelvis].

OBJECTIVE: Discussion of experiences with pelvic exenterations. DESIGN: Case-report. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Urology, Department of Surgery, Department of Pathology, Department of Clinical Oncology, General Teaching Hospital and Ist Medical Faculty of the Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. METHODS: Presentation of 4 cases of pelvic exenterations. Discussion with published data. RESULTS: Altogether four cases of pelvic exenterations are presented, one case of supralevator total exenteration for recurrent cervical cancer, one case of infralevator total exenteration for recurrent vaginal cancer, one case of supralevator anterior exenteration in the treatment of locally advanced cancer of urinary bladder, and one case of supralevator posterior exenteration for recurrent vaginal cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Screening for gynaecological cancers.

BACKGROUND: The role of screening in gynaecological cancers is under evaluation. With mass screening proven effective in significantly reducing cervical cancer mortality, there is an interest in developing other screening methods to detect gynaecological malignancies early. This review covers advances in cervical cancer screening, strategies being investigated in ovarian cancer screening and the lack of justification in screening for endometrial, vulval and vaginal cancers. METHODS: A Medline based literature search was performed for articles relating to screening for different gynaecological malignancies. Additional original papers cited in those identified by the initial search were also reviewed. RESULTS: Advances in cervical cancer screening include liquid-based cytology and HPV testing. Results of ongoing trials are awaited before these can be fully implemented. The results of the two large, multicentre, randomised controlled trials being conducted in the United Kingdom and United States (UKCTOCS and PLCO study, respectively) to assess impact of screening on ovarian cancer mortality will shed some light on the need to implement screening for ovarian cancer in the general population. Novel markers, serum proteomic profiles and Doppler are some of the other technologies being explored. Currently, screening for endometrial cancer is not advocated as most women present with symptoms in early disease with good survival outcomes. Vulval and vaginal cancers are too rare to justify mass screening. CONCLUSION: Methods to screen for various gynaecological malignancies need further evaluation before implementation in the general population. Results of large multicentred trials are awaited. Presently, screening for endometrial, vaginal and vulval cancers is not justified.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Early experience with laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy in women with gynecologic malignancy.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To compare the results of laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy with those of open lymphadenectomy; to assess differences in lymph node yield, operating time, and rate of positive nodes based on experience (early and late); and to evaluate the clinical course of laparoscopic lymphadenectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective case review (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: Sixty-one women with cervical cancer, one with vaginal cancer, and one with endometrial cancer. INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy followed by laparotomy or radical vaginal hysterectomy was performed in 19 women between 1994 and 1995, and radical abdominal hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed in 44 women between 1993 and 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS. Mean lymph node yields at laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy were significantly increased in the group operated during the last 6 months compared with the first 6 months (16.2 +/- 6.8 vs 33.2 +/- 10. 5, p <0.05). After 6 months' experience, lymph node yields were 23.9 +/- 10.3 for laparoscopic lymphadenectomy followed by laparotomy and 23.2 +/- 10.2 for laparoscopic lymphadenectomy followed by radical vaginal hysterectomy (NS). The rate of positive lymph nodes was not significantly different between procedures, 16% and 14%, respectively. Operating time for laparoscopic lymphadenectomy was significantly shorter in the last 6 months (143 +/- 34 vs 78 +/- 18 min, p <0.05). Major complications of the procedure were injury to aberrant obturator and iliac veins in two cases in the early period. Average blood loss was 150 to 350 ml. Two women died due to disease recurrence at minimum of 2.5 years' follow-up; the others were alive without recurrence. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy was feasible and safe, and did not compromise short-term survival. A learning curve was associated with the procedure, but after a period of learning, pelvic lymphadenectomy can be performed as effectively by laparoscopy as by laparotomy. (J Am Assoc Gynecol Laparosc 6(1):59-63, 1999)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Choice of afterloading endocurietherapy techniques for vaginal carcinoma.

Vaginal cancer is highly curable in all stages by combining the proper interstitial or intracavitary endocurietherapy (ECT) techniques and external beam radiation therapy (EXRT). Each case must be individualized following careful evaluation of stage and local extent of disease. We describe three afterloading ECT techniques used for treatment of various presentations of vaginal cancer: 1) 137cesium vaginal obturator used for superficial lesions; 2) afterloading 192iridium tube and button technique used for localized lesions of the lower one-third of the vagina which do not involve more than one-half of the circumference; and 3) afterloading transperineal interstitial 192iridium template technique used for thick invasive lesions of the upper two-thirds of the vagina. Our technique for EXRT is also described.

Brachytherapy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diethylstilbestrol exposure and the risk of clear cell cervical and vaginal adenocarcinoma.

Data from two case-control studies that showed an association between in utero diethylstilbestrol (DES) exposure and clear cell vaginal cancer are evaluated. Neither study considered the cancer risk according to the reasons for prescribing DES and therefore cannot be used to infer any cause-and-effect relationship between DES exposure and vaginal cancer. Neither these studies nor any other studies have specifically evaluated the risk of clear cell cervical cancer to DES-exposed women. For DES-exposed women the risk of vaginal and cervical cancer is 0.5-2.0 cases per 1000 DES-exposed women; comparable data are not available for non-DES-exposed women.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1995

Vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia III detected after hysterectomy for benign conditions.

Because primary vaginal cancer is rare, many experts discourage routine cytologic sampling of the vaginal vault following hysterectomy for benign circumstances. The following report describes a case of vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia III (VAIN III) detected by a vaginal vault Papanicolaou smear obtained from an asymptomatic 57-year-old woman 23 years after she had a total abdominal hysterectomy for a benign condition. As VAIN III is a true vaginal cancer precursor, the innocent disregard of recommended screening practices averted significant morbidity and possibility mortality for this otherwise healthy woman.

Carcinoma in Situ↗
PubMed2004

Protein expression patterns in primary carcinoma of the vagina.

Protein patterns in six samples from primary vaginal cancers, in five from normal vaginal tissue and in five primary cervical cancers, were analysed using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-DE). Protein expression profile was evaluated by computer-assisted image analysis (PDQUEST) and proteins were subsequently identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. The aim was to analyse the protein expression profiles using the hierarchical clustering method in vaginal carcinoma and to compare them with the protein pattern in cervical carcinoma in order to find a helpful tool for correct classification and for increased biomedical knowledge. Protein expression data of a distinct set of 33 protein spots were differentially expressed. These differences were statistically significant (Mann-Whitney signed-Ranked Test, P<0.05) between normal tissue, vaginal and cervical cancer. Furthermore, protein profiles of pairs of primary vaginal and cervical cancers were found to be very similar. Some of the protein spots that have so far been identified include Tropomyosin 1, cytokeratin 5, 15 and 17, Apolipoprotein A1, Annexin V, Glutathione-S-transferase. Others are the stress-related proteins, calreticulin, HSP 27 and HSP 70. We conclude that cluster analysis of proteomics data allows accurate discrimination between normal vaginal mucosa, primary vaginal and primary cervical cancer. However, vaginal and cervical carcinomas also appear to be relatively homogeneous in their gene expression, indicating similar carcinogenic pathways. There might, further, be a possibility to identify tumour-specific markers among the proteins that are differentially expressed. The results from this study have to be confirmed by more comprehensive studies in the future.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Contribution of vaginal scanning to sonographic evaluation of endometrial cancer invasion.

Vaginal sonography was compared to abdominal sonography in predicting myometrial invasion in 23 women (mean age 59 +/- 9 years) undergoing hysterectomy due to endometrial cancer. Vaginal scanning prediction corresponded to histological findings in 87% (20/23) of the cases. In 2 cases the degree of invasion was underestimated and in 1 case overestimated by vaginal sonography. Abdominal sonography was accurate in 78% (18/23) of the cases. Vaginal scanning also improved the sonographic visualization of endometrium and cervical canal. However, in one case a superficial invasion of the cervix was missed by both methods of scanning. Furthermore, in another patient an ovarian cyst of 5 cm located in the upper pelvis was seen by abdominal but not vaginal sonography. We suggest that a sonographic work-up to assess endometrial cancer spread should include both methods of scanning.

Abdomen↗