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Results for “Tuskegee Syphilis Study”

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PubMed1996

Sensitive and controversial ethical issues subject of groundbreaking Toronto exhibit.

Medical research and practice have always posed many ethical dilemmas for scientists and physicians, but technologic advances mean that the questions are becoming even more difficult. That is why an exhibit, A Question of Truth, that is being prepared at Toronto's Ontario Science Centre is so timely. It examines the biases and political climates in which science operates, as well as the relative subjectivity of truth, knowledge and reality.

Behavioral Research↗
PubMed1996

The Julius Rosenwald Fund syphilis seroprevalence studies.

In 1929 the Julius Rosenwald Fund, in conjunction with the Public Health Service (PHS), sponsored a syphilis seroprevalence study in the South characterized as a humanitarian effort to benefit the health of rural African Americans. The study reported extraordinarily high rates of positive Wassermann tests, even among children. Despite the unreliability and nonspecificity of this test, modern authors continue to indict these subjects as syphilitic. However, there was no consistent relationship between syphilis and a positive Wassermann test. Additional treponemal pathogens that potentially caused false-positive tests could explain the results. After public outcry to the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, the Rosenwald study acquired new significance. It was used as evidence to bolster the argument that Tuskegee was a consequence of humanitarian motives that became captive to misguided methods of researchers at the Venereal Disease Division of the PHS. Humanitarianism implies the acknowledgement of a right invested in the recipient; health is an end in itself. However, African Americans were necessary as a source of cheap labor for competition in the world cotton markets and as a restraint on the market value of white labor in manufacturing. The administrative structure of the PHS, not zealous individuals, adopted utilitarianism as its paradigm for human research. Syphilis seroprevalence was a calculated use of public health as a means to economic development.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1993

Black communities' belief in "AIDS as genocide". A barrier to overcome for HIV prevention.

The belief that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a form of genocide targeted at the black population is prevalent in black communities in the United States. Public health authorities are distrusted, in part because of the legacy of the Tuskegee Study of untreated syphilis, a perceived racist experiment. For effective interventions to prevent the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus in black communities, genocidal fears and beliefs must be addressed and black community leaders should be involved in planning and implementation.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2006

Eugenics, medical education, and the Public Health Service: Another perspective on the Tuskegee syphilis experiment.

The Public Health Service (PHS) Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Male Negro (1932-72) is the most infamous American example of medical research abuse. Commentary on the study has often focused on the reasons for its initiation and for its long duration. Racism, bureaucratic inertia, and the personal motivations of study personnel have been suggested as possible explanations. We develop another explanation by examining the educational and professional linkages shared by three key physicians who launched and directed the study. PHS surgeon general Hugh Cumming initiated Tuskegee, and assistant surgeons general Taliaferro Clark and Raymond A. Vonderlehr presided over the study during its first decade. All three had graduated from the medical school at the University of Virginia, a center of eugenics teaching, where students were trained to think about race as a key factor in both the etiology and the natural history of syphilis. Along with other senior officers in the PHS, they were publicly aligned with the eugenics movement. Tuskegee provided a vehicle for testing a eugenic hypothesis: that racial groups were differentially susceptible to infectious diseases.

Eugenics↗
PubMed1995

The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment: biotechnology and the administrative state.

The central issue of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment was property: property in the body and intellectual property. Once removed from the body, tissue and body fluids were not legally the property of the Tuskegee subjects. Consequently, there was not a direct relationship between a patient and research that used his sera. The Public Health Service (PHS) was free to exercise its property right in Tuskegee sera to develop serologic tests for syphilis with commercial potential. To camouflage the true meaning, the PHS made a distinction between direct clinical studies and indirect studies of tissue and body fluids. This deception caused all reviews to date to limit their examination to documents labeled by the PHS as directly related to the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. This excluded other information in the public domain. Despite the absence of a clinical protocol, this subterfuge led each to falsely conclude that the Tuskagee Syphilis Experiment was a clinical study. Based on publications of indirect research using sera and cerebrospinal fluid, this article conceives a very history of the Tuskagee Syphilis Experiment. Syphilis could only cultivate in living beings. As in slavery, the generative ability of the body made the Tuskegee subjects real property and gave untreated syphilis and the sera of the Tuskegee subjects immense commercial value. Published protocols exploited the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment to invent and commercialize biotechnology for the applied science of syphilis serology.

Alabama↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Informed patient consent: a historical perspective.

This article reviews the concept of informed patient consent by examining two long-term studies in which adequate consent was not obtained from study participants: the radiation experiments sponsored by the U.S. government beginning in the 1940s and the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment conducted from 1932 to 1972. The article discusses how these experiments represent a violation of informed consent guidelines and research ethics. It also explores the ethical implications of the experiments to radiologic technologists today and discusses the technologist's role in obtaining patient consent in research and clinical practice settings.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1973

The Tuskegee study.

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Black or African American↗