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PubMed1997

Prevalence of undetected tinea capitis in a school survey in Spain.

From October 1994 to November 1995, a prospective study aiming to detect dermatophytes on the scalp was undertaken in 5000 unselected school children aged between 3 and 16 years (mean age 8.34 years, SD +/- 3.83). Thirty-two (0.64%) had dermatophytes in the scalp, 22. (0.44%) had tinea capitis and 10 were asymptomatic scalp carriers. It is important to point out that 33% of the patients with tinea capitis and 60% of the asymptomatic scalp carriers also had ringworm in other body sites. There was a significantly higher proportion of cases of tinea capitis (P < 0.001)(particularly due to Trichophyton tonsurans, P < 0.001) and of cases of asymptomatic scalp carriers (P < 0.05) (particularly due to Trichophyton tonsurans, P < 0.001) in the immigrant population of African origin. In all the child index cases with positive scalp cultures (tinea capitis and carriers), the household members were studied clinically and mycologically. One child had a body ringworm caused by Microsporum canis. Twelve adults had positive cultures with dermatophytosis (one tinea capitis and eleven body ringworm). Three adult patients were also carriers of dermatophytes in other body sites. Our data indicate a change in the causative agents of tinea capitis seen in Madrid over a 12-month period, with cases due to antropophilic species (T. tonsurans, T. soudanense, M. audouinii and T. violaceum) occurring in the immigrant population from Africa; as a consequence, there is an emergence of T. tonsurans in the Spanish population.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Tinea capitis in department of dermatology and venerology in the University hospital of Donka at Conakry, Guinea].

The authors report the results of a study carried out on tinea capitis, in the Department of Dermatology and Venerology at the University Hospital of Donka in Conakry, during one year In this department, the tinea capitis represents 3.2% of the consultations and remains the second mycosis. Out of 414 consulted children, a male predominance of 75% was noted especially regarding the Trichophytic tinea. School children aged of 6-14 years old are the most affected by the disease. The trichophytic tinea is widely spread with 65.5% more than the microsporic 17% and inflammatory tinea 16.5%. The mixed tinea is exceptional and no case of favus has been found. The Trichophyton violaceum is the most dermatophyte to be found 56.70% whereas a survey carried out in 1959 showed the predominance of T. soudanense and M. audouini. The Microsporum canis and an association of M. canis and T. violaceum are also to be found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Prevalence and patient's consciousness of tinea pedis and onychomycosis].

Epidemiological studies on tinea pedis and onychomycosis have been performed across Europe and East Asia. The prevalence of these conditions was 20%, respectively, and it increased with advancing age, more men than women had fungal infection of the feet. The prevalent predisposing factors were sports participation, average temperature, and family history of tinea pedis. The predisposing diseases were hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoarticular disease. We conducted an epidemiological investigation to determine the prevalence and circumstances of untreated and unsuspected tinea pedis and onychomycosis. The results showed that the prevalence of occult athlete's foot was 25%, and that 59% of those cases were complicated by tinea unguium. The characteristics of patients with occult athlete's foot included a higher proportion of men and a tendency toward a low clinical score together with a high severity score. In the patient background, a strong correlation was observed between a positive KOH test result and characteristics such as past history of tinea pedis and/or onychomycosis, age, disposition of toes, and predisposing disease, as well as the type of shoes worn daily. We suspected that a patient's local and systemic conditions affected each other, creating good conditions for tinea pedis and onychomycosis so that the prevalence has increased. More understanding of occult athlete's foot will lead to prevention and improvement in treatment and diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[Epidemiology of tinea capitis].

PREDOMINANT IN CHILDREN: Tinea capitis is the most frequent fungal infection in children under the age of puberty. It occurs only rarely in men but is observed in adult women. Human-to-human, animal-to-human and soil-to-human transmission can be involved. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: The spectrum of fungal species known to cause tinea capitis has steadily grown for more than a century, varying with the local urban or rural environment. Since the beginning of the 20th century and up to the advent of griseofulvin in the sixties, M. audouinii, an anthropophilic species, caused major epidemics in France, England and the USA. In the sixties to eighties, M. canis was the cause of most cases observed throughout the world. Over the last 20 years, anthropophilic species have again become the leading cause of tinea capitis epidemics, particularly in large cities, in relationship with immigration: T. tonsuransi in the USA and England and T. soudanense and M. langeronii in France. HYGIENE AND EDUCATION: Despite the benign curable nature of the disease, interhuman transmission of tinea capitis is nevertheless a considerable public health problem due to the increasing number of children affected and the risk of contagion in schools. The considerations resulting from recent studies point out the fact that transmission occurs more often in the family than the school setting, particularly indirectly by common use of grooming instruments. This would explain the high percentage of tinea capitis in large immigrant families where hair combing habits favor transmission. In France, these observations should lead to a revision of the current regulations concerning expulsion from school of children affected by tinea capitis. Better education would be a more appropriate response to the problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Topical treatment of common superficial tinea infections.

Tinea infections are superficial fungal infections caused by three species of fungi collectively known as dermatophytes. Commonly these infections are named for the body part affected, including tinea corporis (general skin), tinea cruris (groin), and tinea pedis (feet). Accurate diagnosis is necessary for effective treatment. Diagnosis is usually based on history and clinical appearance plus direct microscopy of a potassium hydroxide preparation. Culture or histologic examination is rarely required for diagnosis. Treatment requires attention to exacerbating factors such as skin moisture and choosing an appropriate antifungal agent. Topical therapy is generally successful unless the infection covers an extensive area or is resistant to initial therapy. In these cases, systemic therapy may be required. Tinea corporis and cruris infections are usually treated for two weeks, while tinea pedis is treated for four weeks with an azole or for one to two weeks with allylamine medication. Treatment should continue for at least one week after clinical clearing of infection. Newer medications require fewer applications and a shorter duration of use. The presence of inflammation may necessitate the use of an agent with inherent anti-inflammatory properties or the use of a combination antifungal/steroid agent. The latter agents should be used with caution because of their potential for causing atrophy and other steroid-associated complications.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2004

The use of 40% urea cream in the treatment of moccasin tinea pedis.

Moccasin tinea pedis is a chronic dermatophyte infection of the foot that is recalcitrant to topical antifungal therapy. Furthermore, most patients with moccasin tinea pedis also have onychomycosis, thus adding to the recalcitrant nature of the infection. The topical antifungals used as sole therapy are generally ineffective because the scale on the plantar surface impedes or limits the absorption of the antifungal agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 40% urea cream as an adjunct to topical antifungals in the treatment of moccasin tinea pedis. Patients with untreated moccasin tinea pedis were selected from the general dermatology clinic. The diagnosis of moccasin tinea pedis was made clinically and confirmed with a potassium hydroxide test or a positive fungal culture. A total of 12 patients with moccasin tinea pedis were treated with 40% urea cream once daily and ciclopirox cream twice daily. Patients then were evaluated after 2 to 3 weeks of treatment for the presence of erythema, scaling, and pruritus. After 2 to 3 weeks, a 100% cure rate was achieved in the 12 patients treated with topical 40% urea cream and ciclopirox cream concomitantly.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2006

Epidemiology of superficial mycosis (tinea pedis, onychomycosis) in elementary school children in Istanbul, Turkey.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of tinea pedis and onychomycosis in children of elementary school age and to examine the socio-demographic attributes that may be effective in correlation of both mycoses. 3,390 female and 3,768 male children between ages 6-14 have been examined in seven schools. Skin scrapings and nail samples were taken from 13 students who were suspected to have tinea pedis and from 49 students who were suspected to have onychomycosis. According to direct microscopy (10-15% KOH+calcofluor white) and culturel examination (Sabouraud dextrose agar and dermatophyte test medium) 11 students were diagnosed as tinea pedis and 24 were diagnosed as onychomycosis. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated in 3 students with tinea pedis whose culture was positive and five Candida albicans, five Candida glabrata and one Candida tropicalis cases were isolated from 11 samples with onychomycosis. Tinea pedis prevalence has been found to be 3.3%0. Differences between onychomycosis prevalence based on age have been found to be significant (p < 0.001). In conclusion, it has been determined that the prevalence of tinea pedis and onychomycosis among children is low. Candida spp. was isolated from all of the 14 samples diagnosed as onychomycosis. Our study shows similar results with previous studies done in Turkey and that Trichophyton rubrum continues to be the most isolated agent.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Tinea capitis in Creteil. Trends over ten years].

INTRODUCTION: We analyzed tinea capitis data in a Paris suburban area over a 11-year period from (1985-1995) to evaluate epidemiology trends. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The following data were collected for patients seen at the Créteil myco-dermatology clinic with cultures positive for tinea capitis: sex, age, ethnic origin, fungal culture. RESULTS: Tinea capitis was observed in 336 cases (56 p. 100 females). Eight percent of the patients were under the age of 10 years and 11 p. 100 over 20 years. Trichophyton soudanense was isolated in 45 p. 100 of the patients. Anthropophilic agents rose over the 10 year period while the number of zoophilic agents remained stable. Specific dermatophytes appeared to predominate in populations of different ethnic origin. There was a two-fold increase in the number of tinea capitis cases in the 1990-1995 period compared with the five previous years. DISCUSSION: The percentage of adults with tinea capitis (11 p. 100) is higher than the 5 p. 100 reported in the literature. The rise in the number of anthropophilic tinea capitis cases resulted from an increase in T. soudanense (originating in Africa), probably related to the increasing immigrant population. This agent was identified in 95 p. 100 of the patients of African origin. Differing lifestyles and transmission between school children makes it quite difficult to interpret the correlation between ethnic origin and specific dermatophytes.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Incidence of dermatophytosis in Jordan with special reference to tinea capitis.

Clinical data on 1068 cases of dermatophytosis as well as mycological data on 382 of these cases seen from March 1983 to September 1984 are reported. Tinea cruris was present in 34.1%, with Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum isolated from 31% and 25% respectively. Tinea corporis was found in 17.9% of all patients of dermatophytosis with T. tonsurans responsible in 30.8%. Tinea pedis and Tinea unguium were present in 7.2% and 2% respectively, T. rubrum being the main causative agent; nail involvement was present in 27.3% of these cases. Tinea capitis was observed in 38.7% of 1068 dermatophytosis cases with T. violaceum and M. canis causing 48% and 32% of all T.C. cases respectively. The dermatophytic flora of the West Bank of Jordan apparently comprises about 14 dermatophytes, T. violaceum being the predominant agent of infection (in more than 34%). Other most common agents found in this survey were M. canis, T. rubrum, E. floccosum, T. schoenleini, T. tonsurans, and T. mentagrophytes.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Tinea cruris in routine urology practice.

INTRODUCTION: Tinea cruris is almost exclusively a male dermatophytosis. This infection is also sexually transmitted, and may cause epidemics in public areas such as common bathing facilities, dormitories and among military recruits. It has been aimed to investigate the prevalence and the causative agents of tinea cruris and tinea pedis in patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology with various pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Direct microscopy and cultures of the epithelial scrapings were performed to identify the causative agent in patients who were admitted to the Department of Urology. RESULTS: Out of a total of 155 cases examined, 39 (25.1%) were mycologically proven cases of dermatomycosis. In 11 (28.2%) of the patients tinea pedis, in 3 (7.7%) tinea cruris and in 10 (25.6%) Candida intertrigo were detected. In the remaining 15 (38.5%) cases, only direct microscopic examinations were found positive. The most common causative agent was Candida albicans (33.4%) followed by Trichophyton rubrum (29.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale (29.1%), Candida glabrata (4.2%) and Candida tropicalis (4.2%). CONCLUSION: The investigation of genital dermatomycosis should be a part of routine urological examination and the clinical diagnosis should be confirmed by mycological methods.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Terbinafine in the treatment of Trichophyton tinea capitis: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, duration-finding study.

OBJECTIVES: Terbinafine has been shown to be effective in tinea capitis, using different treatment durations. However, no direct comparison of treatment duration has previously been investigated. This randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multicenter study was designed to assess the effect of terbinafine treatment duration on the outcome of Trichophyton tinea capitis in a North American population. METHODS: A total of 176 patients with a clinical diagnosis of tinea capitis were enrolled in this study and treated with oral terbinafine (3-6 mg/kg/d) for 1, 2, or 4 weeks. All patients were to be followed until week 12. A total of 159 patients had culture-confirmed tinea capitis attributable to Trichophyton species and constituted the intent-to-treat population used for efficacy analysis (50, 55, and 54 patients in the 1-, 2-, and 4-week arms, respectively). RESULTS: At the end of study, effective treatment, defined as negative culture and low scores on signs and symptoms, was achieved in 56%, 69%, and 65% of patients who were treated with terbinafine for 1, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. A negative culture was achieved in 60%, 76%, and 72%, respectively. Overall, the efficacy data showed that both the 2- and 4-week treatment regimens are clinically superior to the 1-week regimen. Terbinafine was well tolerated, and the incidence of adverse events showed no relationship to the duration of therapy. CONCLUSION: When efficacy, cost, and compliance are taken into consideration, 2 weeks of terbinafine therapy appears to be the optimal treatment duration for patients with Trichophyton tonsurans tinea capitis.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2006

Factors influencing coexistence of toenail onychomycosis with tinea pedis and other dermatomycoses: a survey of 2761 patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and factors influencing the presence of concomitant dermatomycoses in patients with toenail onychomycosis. DESIGN: Prospective study based on a specially designed questionnaire completed by dermatologists. PATIENTS: A total of 2761 patients with toenail onychomycosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The diagnosis of fungal skin infections was confirmed by direct microscopic examination or by culture. RESULTS: In 1181 patients (42.8%) with toenail onychomycosis, concomitant fungal skin infections were noted. Tinea pedis was the most common and was found in 933 patients (33.8%). Other concomitant fungal skin infections were fingernail onychomycosis (7.4%), tinea cruris (4.2%), tinea corporis (2.1%), tinea manuum (1.6%), and tinea capitis (0.5%). The presence of concomitant fungal skin infections depended on number of involved toenails; duration of onychomycosis; sex, age, and education level; area of residence; and type of isolated fungus. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of toenail onychomycosis with other types of fungal skin infections is a frequent phenomenon. It could be hypothesized that infected toenails may be a site from which the fungal infections could spread to other body areas. Effective therapy for onychomycosis might therefore be essential not only to treat the lesional toenails but also to prevent spreading the infection to other sites of the skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Tinea capitis in Madagascar: a survey in a primary school in Antsirabe].

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis is a common infection among schoolchildren in developing countries. This condition is still under-reported in Madagascar. In order to assess the prevalence of Tinea capitis in Madagascar, we conducted a study in a primary school in Antsirabe, a town located in the country's high central territories. METHODS: Samples were taken from 210 children in the 4 school classes aged between 6 and 14 years. Only children with scaling lesions or with alopecia were sampled. No microsporic gray-patch ringworm was found in any of the children. Samples were obtained from a total of 83 children. Cotton swabs moistened with distilled sterilized water were rubbed on the children's scalps for 15 seconds and the scales thus collected were then seeded on 2 separate tubes of Sabouraud-Dextrose-Agar media containing chloramphenicol, one with and the other without cycloheximide. The tubes were incubated at a temperature of 27 degrees C for 4 weeks. All the micromycetes were identified (dermatophytes, yeasts and molds). RESULTS: Three species of dermatophytes were isolated: one anthropophilic species, responsible for black-dot ringworm (Trichophyton tonsurans), and 2 geophilic dermatophytes, unusual in human disease (Microsporum boullardii and Trichophyton terrestre). Of the 83 children sampled, 17 had 20 dermatophytes (in 3 children, 2 different species of dermatophytes were associated). We collected 15 Trichophyton tonsurans (2 Trichophyton tonsurans were associated with Microsporum boullardii, and 1 with Trichophyton terrestre), and 2 Microsporum boullardii. The prevalence of carriers of dermatophytes was 8 p. 100 for all children and 20.5% for the sampled children. DISCUSSION: Children in Madagascar, unlike those in Central Africa, do not develop microsporic gray-patch ringworm caused by Microsporum langeronii. However, they may present tinea capitis with small alopecic lesions, or they may frequently have Trichophyton tonsurans and seem to have healthy scalps. In contrast with Central Africa, where T. soudanense is the main cause of black-dot ringworm, and with North Africa, where T. violaceum is most frequently seen, these 2 species are not found in Antsirabe. Studies carried out in coastal regions with a more tropical climate could perhaps show other dermatophytes responsible for tinea capitis. Anthropophilic tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans is endemic in the Antsirabe area. The lesions are inconspicuous with diffuse scaling, like those reported in surveys conducted in the USA. Mycological investigation followed up by topical treatment with a fungicide could diminish the spread of this anthropophilic, and thus contagious, dermatophyte. Trichophyton tonsurans has also reappeared regularly in France over the past few years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Ketoconazole 2% shampoo in the treatment of tinea versicolor: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Tinea versicolor is a common superficial fungal infection caused by a lipophilic yeast. This chronically recurring opportunistic infection is especially prevalent in tropical and semitropical regions. The topical short-term application of ketoconazole 2% shampoo may provide effective and safe therapy for tinea versicolor. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single application (1 day) versus three daily applications (3 days) of ketoconazole 2% shampoo versus placebo shampoo in the treatment of mycologically confirmed tinea versicolor. METHODS: Three hundred twelve patients were included in the primary analyses for this 31-day study. Global evaluation scores were measured on days 10 and 31 with a 5-point scale (1 = healed to 5 = worsening), and a cellophane tape test was done at baseline and days 3, 10, and 31. Efficacy was assessed by clinical response, defined as both a global evaluation score of 1 (healed) and a negative cellophane tape test on day 31. Signs and symptoms of tinea versicolor (scaling, itching, erythema, hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation) also were evaluated at baseline, day 10, and day 31 with a 4-point scale (0 = absent to 3 = severe). RESULTS: Both regimens of ketoconazole shampoo were significantly (P < .001) more effective than placebo for rate of clinical response, global evaluation scores, and mycologic outcomes (cellophane tape test). The clinical response rates at day 31 were 73%, 69%, and 5% for the 3-day ketoconazole, 1-day ketoconazole, and placebo groups, respectively. The difference in the efficacy of the two ketoconazole treatment regimens was not statistically significant. There were no significant differences between any of the treatment groups in the number of patients who experienced adverse events. No serious adverse events occurred and no patient withdrew from the trial prematurely because of an adverse event. CONCLUSION: Ketoconazole 2% shampoo, used as a single application or daily for 3 days, is safe and highly effective in the treatment of tinea versicolor.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Tinea capitis: new perspectives on an old disease.

Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans is a common infection in children, and has become a significant public health problem in the United States. Epidemics of tinea capitis occur both in families and in institutions such as schools and day care centers. Infection is often difficult to eradicate. Fomites and asymptomatic carriers likely contribute to the spread of the disease and to re-infection of treated patients. The morphology of tinea capitis is diverse, from seborrhea-like scaling to tender, inflammed nodules on the scalp. Because a lengthy course of systemic griseofulvin is required to treat this infection, management of tinea capitis can be challenging. As newer antifungal agents are developed, more effective and convenient therapy for tinea capitis may become available.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Tinea pedis et unguium in the Muslim community of Durban, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: In a pilot study performed in eight mosques in the Durban area, it was found that the prevalence of tinea pedis et unguium in the adult Muslim male population regularly attending mosques was higher than in the nonMuslim male population. The aims of the present study were: (i) to determine the prevalence of tinea pedis et unguium in the adult Muslim male population regularly attending mosques; (ii) to investigate the role of mosque carpets and ablution areas in the spread of infection; and (iii) to develop strategies to combat the infection. METHOD: Seventy-eight regular worshippers comprising adult Muslim males, chosen at random from five mosques in the Durban area, were examined for clinical evidence of tinea pedis et unguium. Skin scrapings and nail clippings were taken from clinically infected individuals and submitted for microscopy and culture for fungal organisms. A control group, comprising 72 nonMuslim adult male office workers from the administration departments of King Edward VIII Hospital, was similarly examined. In addition, scrapings from high traffic areas of the mosque carpets and swabs from the ablution areas were cultured for fungi. RESULTS: In the mosque group, it was found that the prevalence of tinea pedis et unguium was 85%, taking either microscopy or culture positivity as indicative of infection. In the control group, the prevalence was 41%. Thus a statistical difference of 44% (P < 0.0001) between the two groups was demonstrated. Dermatophytes and yeasts were isolated from the carpets and/or floors of the ablution areas in all the mosques under investigation. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of tinea pedis et unguium among regular male worshippers in the Muslim community can be attributed to the spread of fungal organisms in the communal ablution areas and prayer carpets of the mosques. Strategies to combat this spread of infection are being developed. These strategies are expected to find important practical applications in other communal environments, such as gymnasia, health spas, swimming pools, changing rooms of sports clubs, public showers, and even hotels.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

A clinico-etiologic correlation in tinea capitis.

BACKGROUND: Tinea capitis is a dermatophytosis with diverse clinical manifestations. The causative fungi of tinea capitis vary with geography and time. This study aimed to identify the etiologic agents and to determine the clinico-etiologic correlation of tinea capitis in Lahore, Pakistan. METHODS: From clinically suspected cases of tinea capitis, skin scrapings and hair samples were taken and subjected to microscopy and culture. RESULTS: Of 100 evaluable patients, 95% were children below 12 years of age with almost equal sex incidence. Noninflammatory and inflammatory lesions were seen in 56.4% and 43.6%, respectively. Trichophyton violaceum was the most common etiologic agent, responsible for 82% of infection, followed by T. tonsurans (8%), T. verrucosum (5%), and T. mentagrophytes (5%). CONCLUSIONS: T. violaceum is the predominant pathogen causing tinea capitis in this part of the world, and gives rise to a varied clinical picture.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Successful treatment of tinea capitis with 2% ketoconazole shampoo.

BACKGROUND: Oral antifungal drugs are required for effective treatment of tinea capitis. Topical antifungal shampoo's, namely ketoconazole 2% shampoo or products with selenium sulfide or salicylic acid are recommended as adjunctive therapy. Topical antifungal monotherapy has not been successful in the treated of tinea capitis. The purpose of this open study was to evaluate ketoconazole 2% shampoo as a monotherapy for the treatment of tinea capitis. METHOD: A total of 16 black children, aged 3-6, all with proven tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans, were treated daily for 8 weeks with 2% ketoconazole shampoo for a total of 56 treatments. Clinical and mycologic examinations were performed every 2 weeks and again at 4 weeks following treatment. The number of colonies were counted on each plate after each visit. Patients with positive cultures after 8 weeks were placed on oral griseofulvin; those with negative cultures were followed monthly by culture for an additional 12 months. RESULTS: Marked clinical improvement occurred in all patients within 2 weeks and absence of pruritus was noted by the patients as early as 2-6 days. After 8 weeks of shampoo, 14 of the 15 (93%) children were clinically healed. Mycologically, the cultures dropped from a confluent growth of T. tonsurans to less than 100 colonies within 2 weeks; fewer than 50 at week 4 and 20 colonies or fewer after week 6. At 8 weeks of treatment the number of colonies remained at 20 or fewer. Six of the 15 children (40%) had negative cultures after 2, 4, and 6 weeks. One child relapsed at the first 4-week follow-up visit. Five of 15 (33%) of the children remained culturally negative for 12 months post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Ketoconazole 2% shampoo alone reduces the number of viable arthroconidia in children with tinea capitis thus reducing the transmissibility and contagious nature of the disease. Unexpectedly, complete cure was obtained in 5/15 (33%) of the children. The children remained clinically and mycologically clear as long as one year after treatment.

Administration, Topical↗