Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Tin Compounds”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Tin and fatty acids in dementia.

Serum elements and fatty acids of red cell and plasma phospholipids, cholesterol esters and high density lipoproteins, were studied in patients with Alzheimer's disease (SDAT) and with multi-infarct dementia (MID). Increased 20:4n6 in MID was the finding most consistent in the different tissues. The red cell phospholipids were more unsaturated in MID than in SDAT but in SDAT the plasma phospholipids were more saturated. Serum Al, Sn and V concentrations were higher in SDAT than in MID while serum Mn concentrations were higher in MID. Sn and V correlated negatively with the unsaturation index of the red cell phospholipids and Sn showed a striking pattern of correlations with the red cell phospholipid fatty acids in SDAT: it was significantly positively correlated with 16:0 and 18:1n-9 and negatively correlated with 20 and 22 carbon n-3 and n-6 essential fatty acids. Since we have shown elevated tin levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease, and since organic tin compounds given to animals produce a syndrome with similarities to Alzheimer's disease, there is a need for investigation of the role of tin in lipid metabolism in dementia.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

Effect of alkyltins on rabbit articular and growth-plate chondrocytes in monolayer culture.

The effect of four different alkyltins (trimethyltin, triethyltin, dibutyltin, and dioctyltin) on the metabolism of rabbit articular and growth-plate chondrocytes was investigated using a monolayer cell-culture system. In most instances the compounds tested exhibited a general cytotoxic effect on these cells, inhibiting the synthesis of both DNA and sulfated proteoglycans. The effect of these compounds on proteoglycan synthesis was both quantitative and qualitative, as demonstrated by CsCl isopycnic density gradient centrifugation and gel exclusion chromatographic techniques. However, certain tin compounds tested, at specific concentrations, exerted a stimulatory effect on chondrocyte proliferation. Regarding DNA synthesis, growth-plate chondrocytes were more sensitive to the effect of the triethyltin, dibutyltin, and dioctyltin than were articular chondrocytes. The data are discussed in relation to the possible effects of the alkyltins on skeletal growth and development as well as the mechanism of action of the alkyltins at the molecular level.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Literature review--efficacy of various disinfectants against Legionella in water systems.

There have been reported outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease at hospitals and industrial facilities, which prompted the development of various preventive measures. For example, Ford has been developing and implementing such a measure at its facilities worldwide to provide technical guidance for controlling Legionella in water systems. One of the key issues for implementing the measure is the selection of a disinfectant(s) and optimum conditions for its use. Therefore, available publications on various disinfectants and disinfection processes used for the inactivation of Legionella bacteria were reviewed. Two disinfection methods were reviewed: chemical and thermal. For chemical methods, disinfectants used were metal ions (copper and silver), oxidizing agents (halogen containing compounds [chlorine, bromine, iodine, chlorine dioxide, chloramines, and halogenated hydantoins], ozone, and hydrogen peroxide), non-oxidizing agents (heterocyclic ketones, guanidines, thiocarbamates, aldehydes, amines, thiocyanates, organo-tin compounds, halogenated amides, and halogenated glycols), and UV light. In general, oxidizing disinfectants were found to be more effective than non-oxidizing ones. Among oxidizing agents, chlorine is known to be effective and widely used. Among non-oxidizing agents, 2,2-dibromo-3-nitropropionamide appears to be the most effective followed by glutaraldehyde. Isothiazolin (known as Kathon), polyhexamethylene biguanide, and 2-bromo-2-nitropropionamide (known as Bronopol) were found to be less effective than glutaraldehyde. Thermal disinfection is effective at > 60 degrees C (140 degrees F).

Developing Countries↗
PubMed2003

Bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]silylene, an unstable divalent silicon compound.

The title compound, [(Me3Si)2N]2Si: (1), was prepared by the reduction of [(Me3Si)2N]2SiBr2 (2) with potassium graphite at -78 degrees C. Unlike the corresponding germanium and tin compounds, 1 is unstable, but it can be studied in solution at low temperatures. The 29Si NMR chemical shift of 1 measured at -20 degrees C was 223.9 ppm, in good agreement with a value obtained from model calculations of 233 ppm. Reaction of solutions of 1 with methanol or phenol gave the trapping products expected for the silylene, [(Me3Si)2N]2Si(H)OR (R = CH3, C6H5).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2004

Simultaneous speciation of mercury and butyltin compounds in natural waters and snow by propylation and species-specific isotope dilution mass spectrometry analysis.

A robust method has been developed for simultaneous determination of mercury and butyltin compounds in aqueous samples. This method is capable of providing accurate results for analyte concentrations in the picogram per liter to nanogram per liter range. The simultaneous determination of the mercury and tin compounds is achieved by species-specific isotope dilution, derivatization, and gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (GC-ICP-MS). In derivatization by ethylation and propylation, reaction conditions such as pH and the effect of chloride were carefully studied. Ethylation was found to be more sensitive to matrix effects, especially for mercury compounds. Propylation was thus the preferred derivatization method for simultaneous determination of organomercury and organotin compounds in environmental samples. The analytical method is highly accurate and precise, with RSD values of 1 and 3% for analyte concentrations in the picogram per liter to nanogram per liter range. By use of cleaning procedures and SIDMS blank measurements, detection limits in the range 10-60 pg L(-1) were achieved; these are suitable for determination of background levels of these contaminants in environmental samples. This was demonstrated by using the method for analysis of real snow and seawater samples. This work illustrates the great advantage of species-specific isotope dilution for the validation of an analytical speciation method-the possibility of overcoming species transformations and non-quantitative recovery. Analysis time is saved by use of the simultaneous method, because of the use of a single sample-preparation procedure and one analysis.

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration↗
PubMed1996

The structure of organometals determines cytotoxicity and alteration of calcium homeostasis in HL-60 cells.

There is increasing concern about the degradation and metabolisation as well as the biochemical mechanisms of action of organometallic compounds. They are known to be immunotoxic and/or neurotoxic. Because of their different toxic capacities, the development of a reliable correlation between molecular parameters and biochemical effects, which could be helpful in risk assessment, was an aim of this study. The tested organolead and -tin compounds decrease the viability of human cells in culture in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. Parabolic QSAR(1)(1) The abbreviations used are: TMT, trimethyltin chloride; TET, triethyltin bromide; TPT, tripropyltin chloride; TBT, tri- n-butyltin chloride; DBT, di- n-butyltin dichloride; TEL, triethyllead chloride; DEL, diethyllead dichloride; TML, trimethyllead chloride; TPhL, triphenyllead chloride; QSAR, quantitative structure-activity relationships; TSA, total surface area; MW(ion), ionic molecular weight; fMLP, N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine; fluo-3, fluo-3 free acid; fluo-3 AM, fluo-3 acetoxymethyl ester; Me(2)SO, dimethyl sulfoxide; PLA(2), phospholipase A(2) (EC 3.1.1.4); FCS, fetal calf serum; HEPES, 4-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid; EGTA, [ethylene-bis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid; [Ca(2+)](i), cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration models yield an adequate correlation between toxicity expressed as LC(50) and structural parameters like ionic molecular weight (MW(ion)) or total surface area (TSA). Two main chemical attributes of the organometals are probably responsible for such a parabolic relationship: the hydrophobic side chain and the polar metal atom. Furthermore, all tested organometal compounds evoke a persistent increase of the cytosolic free calcium concentration [Ca(2+)](i). This effect is mainly due to an influx from the extracellular space. Further results suggest that Ca(2+) enters the cell via opened calcium channels. Based on the essential role of Ca(2+) within cellular signalling, the perturbation of calcium homeostasis appears to be an important event in final cell killing by organometals and it is most likely that other biochemical mechanisms, e.g. activation of phospholipase A(2), are possibly mediated by an increase of [Ca(2+)](i).

Journal Article↗
PubMed2001

The in vitro antitumour profile of some 1,2-diaminocyclohexane organotin complexes.

Platinum compounds containing the ligand 1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) such as tetraplatin [PtCl4(DACH)] have been found to be active in cisplatin-resistant tumour models. In an attempt to develop novel metal-based drugs with a different therapeutic profile to cisplatin, we have synthesised a series of tin compounds containing the DACH ligand, including the Sn analogue of tetraplatin [SnCl4(DACH)], and the di- and monoorganotin complexes [Ph2Sn(OAc)2(DACH)], [Bu2Sn(OAc)2(DACH)], [PhSnCl3(DACH)], [BuSn(OAc)3(DACH)], [BuSnCl3(DACH)], and [PhSn(OCOCF3)3(DACH)]. Mossbauer and IR spectroscopy indicates that the Sn(DACH) complexes are hexacoordinated with a molecular structure similar to that of tetraplatin. These compounds were tested for potential antitumour activity against a panel of human tumour cell lines, (SW620, SW1116 colon carcinoma, ZR-75-1 breast carcinoma, HT1376 bladder carcinoma, SKOV-3, PA-1 ovarian carcinoma). [Ph2Sn(penicillinate)], [Ph2Sn(OCOCH2NCOCH2NH2)], [Ph2Sn(OAc)2] were included for comparison. The results show that whereas [SnCl4(DACH)] and the monoorganotin complexes had limited or no activity, the diorganotin DACH complexes were cytotoxic with an associated increase in potency on going from diphenyl to dibutyltin, with mean IC50 values of 7.26+/-4.09 micromol ml(-1) for [Ph2Sn(OAc)2(DACH)] and 2.58+/-0.83 micromol ml(-1) for [Bu2Sn(OAc)2(DACH)] across the cell line panel. Comparison with [Ph2Sn(OAc)2] (IC50 0.69-0.43 micromol ml(-1)) indicated that addition of the DACH ligand resulted in a decrease in cytotoxicity but increased differential toxicity across the cell line panel. These results indicate that the diorganotin DACH complexes merit further investigation as potential metal-based antitumour drugs.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2002

[The effects of fluoride-containing trace element agents on the growth of mutants of S. mutans].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the influence of 6 trace element agents containing fluoride versus 6 trace element agents not containing fluoride on the growth of mutants of S. mutans and detect the interaction between fluoride and trace elements. METHODS: Six trace element agents containing fluoride [SnF2, ZnF2, SrF2, LaF2, (NH3)2MoF8, NaF] and 6 trace element agents not containing fluoride [SnCl2, SrCl2, LaCl2, ZnAc2, (NH3)2MoO4, NaCl] were selected. The continuous anaerobic cultivating technique and the absorbency of bacteria liquid and the count of bacteria were used to assess the effects of different agents on the growth of S. mutans. RESULTS: NaF, SnF2, SnCl2, ZnF2, ZnAc2, (NH3)2MoF8 and (NH3)2MoO4 were found to have strong inhibition effects on the growth of mutant of S. mutans(P < 0.01). SnF2 had more stronger inhibition effects than SnCl2; ZnF2 had more stronger inhibition effects than ZnAc2, no significant differences were seen between (NH3)2MoF8 and (NH3)2MoO4. SnF2 and ZnF2 had most potent inhibition effects(P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed between SrF2, SrCl2, LaCl2, LaF2, NaCl and the control groups(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The agents containing fluoride and trace elements, such as stannum and zinc had the effects of prohibiting the growth of mutant of S. mutans, As far as caries prevention is concerned, the agents containing both fluoride and trace elements are more effective than mono-fluoride, the potential mechanism may be the synergistic action between fluoride and trace elements.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1989

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectrometry coupled to high-performance liquid chromatography for speciation and detection of organotin compounds.

Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP/MS) is utilized as a detector for several organotin species separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Detection limits obtained by ICP/MS are 3 orders of magnitude lower than those obtained with inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP/AES) detection under the same chromatographic conditions. Chromatographic detection limits are higher than conventional solution nebulization for the same compound by a factor of 20. Ion-exchange chromatography yields linear response over 3 orders of magnitude, while ion pair chromatography gives a linear response of only 2 orders of magnitude as a result of poor resolution. The relative standard deviation for the injection of 20 ng of tin compounds is less than 10%.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1989

[Simultaneous determination of tributyltin and its metabolites, dibutyltin and monobutyltin, in biological materials by capillary gas chromatography].

Determination of tributyltin and its metabolites, dibutyltin and monobutyltin, in biological materials was made by capillary gas chromatography (C-GC) using a flame photometric detector (FPD). Butyltin compounds (BuTC) were extracted (as bromides) from tissue homogenates with hydrobromic acid and ethyl acetate. These compounds were converted to pentyl derivatives with pentyl Grignard reagent and then analysed by C-GC. The recoveries of each BuTC added to tissues were 96-99% for monobutyltin, 87-93% for dibutyltin and 90-93% for tributyltin. The detection limit of BuTC was 4-5 pg as tin. This method was applied to the analysis of BuTC in the liver and kidney of rats orally administered tributyltin chloride. Time course of three BuTC showed that the maximum value appeared 24 h after administration of the tin compound, which was followed by a rapid decrease. The order of the concentration of BuTC in both organs was dibutyltin greater than tributyltin greater than monobutyltin. The rate of dealkylation was more rapid in liver than in kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Interaction of cells with L-lactide/glycolide copolymers synthesized with the use of tin or zirconium compounds.

Comparative studies have been carried out on the viability of cells culture and production of collagen on lactide/glycolide copolymers synthesized using zirconium or tin initiators. Cell response of various cell types: fibroblast-like cells, osteoblast-like cells, monocyte/macrophage-like cells has been examined. Cell response depends on the kind of cells and the initiator used during the synthesis of the polymer. In a number of cases the cells grown on materials containing zirconium have been reported to have better survival (for example, Saos2 cells). An enhanced collagen production on these copolymers has been also observed.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed1996

Fluorimetric determination of tin and organotin compounds in hydroorganic and micellar media in the presence of 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid.

The fluorescence of tin(IV) complexed by 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonic acid (8-HQSA) has been studied in both aqueous and hydroorganic (acetate buffer and dimethylsulfoxide) media. Several experimental parameters such as pH, DMSO/water ratio and reactant concentration have been investigated to increase the fluorescence of the tin(IV)-8-HQSA complex. A linear relationship between tin(IV) concentration and fluorescence intensity was observed between 1.7 and 20 microM). Mechanistic and quantitative studies in the presence of surfactants have been performed. Judiciously selected micellar media permitted solubilisation and quantitation of tin(IV) as well as dibutyltin compounds. A linear relationship between concentration and fluorescence intensity was found for mono-, di- and tributyltin with detection limits of 0.1 microM, 0.7 microM and 1 microM, respectively.

Dentifrices↗
PubMed1997

The impact of inorganic tin on the planktonic cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis: the effect of pH and humic acid.

The influence of inorganic tin compounds on the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis aquatilis was studied, and its dependence on changing pH of the surrounding medium and the presence of humic acid. Both Sn(II) and Sn(IV), used as chlorides (at the concentrations 1-10 mg litre(-1)), inhibit the growth and chlorophyll a content of the cyanobacterium cultures, but only under alkaline conditions. Generally, the observed tin toxicity increased with increase of metal concentration, time of exposure and pH value of the medium (in the range 7-9.8). Sn(II) seems to be more toxic than Sn(IV). At the lowest studied metal concentration (1 mg litre(-1)), Sn(II) caused a 36 and 40% decrease in growth and chl a content, respectively, after 96 h exposure at pH 9.8, while Sn(IV) caused even a slight increase of both physiological parameters (hormetic effect). Similar increases in growth and chl a content were also observed at a high Sn (II) and Sn(IV) concentration (10 mg litre(-1)), but only in cultures exposed to metal at pH 7. At high pH (9.8), 10 mg litre(-1) of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) significantly suppressed both the growth of the cyanobacterium (by 54.2 and 26.1%, respectively) and the chl a content in cultures (by 58.2 and 24%, respectively). Humic acid reduced the toxicity of tin towards the cyanobacterium. The observed effects of pH and complexing ligand on the inorganic tin toxicity are discussed in the context of changing, chemical metal speciation and bioavailability.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1993

Induction of a 70-kDa protein in human lymphocytes exposed to inorganic heavy metals and toxic organic compounds.

Human peripheral blood lymphocytes synthesize a 70-kDa protein (p70) distinct from metallothionein (MT), in response to several inorganic heavy metals. Although Cd and Zn induce both p70 and MTs, Co induces only p70. On the other hand, Cu, Hg, Ni and Ag, which are the inducers of MTs, can not induce p70. This protein is indistinguishable in electrophoretic mobility from the 70-kDa heat shock protein, which is induced by incubation of lymphocytes at 42-45 degrees C. Several environmental pollutants other than the inorganic heavy metals, including organic tin compounds and organic phosphorus compounds, were also found to induce p70. The responsiveness to a variety of environmental stimuli suggests the involvement of p70 in the basic cellular defense mechanism.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed2000

Applications of Lewis acids for the efficient syntheses of diltiazem, cephems, and taxoids.

An efficient method is described for preparation of diltiazem hydrochloride (Herbesser(R)), a marketed calcium antagonist widely used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. In the reaction of 2-nitrothiophenol (1) with trans-3-phenylglycidic esters (2) carrying various substituents on the benzene ring, both reactivity and stereoselectivity of the oxirane ring-opening of the glycidates were markedly influenced by the electronic nature of the substituents. As a result of our investigation on the catalytic effect of various Lewis acids in the reaction of 2a with 1, tin compounds were found to be effective catalysts for the cis-opening and readily produced the threo-nitro ester (3a-t), a key intermediate for the synthesis of diltiazem. Isolation of the crystalline complex from the reaction of 1 and SnCl(4); and its efficient catalytic activity similar to that of SnCl(4) suggests that the transition state involves co-coordination of tin derivatives both with 1 and the epoxy oxygen of 2a to result in highly specific cis-opening. We have also amplified this chemistry into other fields, leading to applications in the syntheses of cephem and taxoid templates.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic↗
PubMed1996

Subchronic study of the metabolism of triphenyltin in hamsters.

In previous studies we investigated the metabolism of tin compounds in rats and hamsters following single oral treatments with triphenyltin. The objective of this study was to provide information on the metabolism of triphenyltin in hamsters subchronically treated with dietary triphenyltin for 180 d. Groups were fed diets containing 3 different triphenyltin concentrations: 1.28, 28.82 or 54.77 ppm. The 28.82 and 54.77 ppm groups gained less body weight than the control and 1.28 ppm groups. However, none of the animals showed characteristic symptoms. We detected triphenyltin and its metabolites in the tissues of dosed hamsters. Highest tin concentrations were in livers and kidneys, as diphenyltin and inorganic tin respectively; no significant amounts of triphenyltin were found. Triphenyltin was metabolized relatively rapidly in the hamsters. There was more tin relative to the administered triphenyltin in the livers of the low dietary group compared to the high dietary triphenyltin group. This suggests that low concentrations of triphenyltin are easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. While we previously demonstrated that acutely dosed triphenyltin produced marked hyperglycemia in hamsters, this was not found in the hamsters repeatedly dosed with dietary triphenyltin in the present study.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Inhibitor studies with adenohypophyseal granule membrane ATPase. Evidence for a membrane environment which modulates sensitivity to inhibitors.

The limiting membranes of pituitary growth hormone and prolactin secretory granules contain a Mg2+-ATPase sensitive to anions. This enzyme is in many ways similar to mitochondrial ATPase. The enzyme was potently inhibited by oligomycin (Ki 6.5 X 10(-9) M), and was much more sensitive to the inhibitor than pituitary mitochondrial ATPase (Ki 2.7 X 10(-7) M). In contrast, the enzyme activity of intact secretory granules was only sparingly inhibited by oligomycin (maximal inhibition close to 30% at 5 X 10(-4) M). However, oligomycin (5 microM) did diminish to basal levels the enhanced granule ATPase activity observed in the presence of a stimulatory anion (25 mM sodium sulfite). Other compounds known to inhibit the proton translocating mitochondrial ATPase were also tested for their ability to inhibit the secretory granule ATPase. A similar pattern of limited inhibition in granules and greater sensitivity in isolated membranes was seen with the inhibitors N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and efrapeptin. In contrast, tri-n-butyltin chloride was a potent inhibitor of the ATPase of intact granules, and the susceptibility of the enzyme to inhibition by this compound was less after isolation of membranes. These observations suggest that pituitary secretory granule membrane ATPase may have a proton pumping function similar to that of the mitochondrial enzyme. In addition, the data imply that the inhibitor binding site(s) may be masked, inaccessible, or ineffective in intact granules, but exposed (or activated) in isolated membranes. The greater sensitivity of granule ATPase to tri-n-butyltin chloride, in contrast to the greater sensitivity of membrane ATPase to the other inhibitors, indicates that the tin compound may be effective at a membrane site(s) distinct from the others, or that the mechanism of inhibition is different.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1997

Formation of the Novel Six-Coordinate Atrane Cation in [FMeSn(HMeNCH(2)CH(2))(2)N(CH(2)CH(2)NMe)]BF(4).

The reaction of the azastannatranes RSn(NMeCH(2)CH(2))(3)N 1 (R = Me), 2 (R = n-Bu), and 3 (R = Ph) with BF(3).Et(2)O in THF gave the novel six-coordinate tin compounds 4-6, respectively, in which BF(3) adds across one of the three covalent Sn-N bonds to give a F-Sn<--NMe(BF(2)) linkage. The tricyclic atrane framework retained in the reaction with BF(3).Et(2)O is preserved under hydrolysis conditions with substoichiometric amounts of water. A hydrolysis product of 4 is the new fluorotin salt [FMeSn(HMeNCH(2)CH(2))(2)N(CH(2)CH(2)NMe)]BF(4) [7(BF(4))] whose structure, determined by X-ray analysis, also features a six-coordinate tin atom. The IR and NMR spectra of 4-6 confirm their six-coordinate nature. The (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra are assigned using COSY, NOESY, and selectively proton decoupled (13)C NMR spectral techniques. Crystallographic parameters for 7(BF(4)) are as follows: triclinic space group P&onemacr;, a = 8.295(2) Å, b = 8.924(2) Å, c = 13.639(2) Å, alpha = 88.59(2) degrees, beta = 74.83(2) degrees, gamma = 79.99(2) degrees, and Z = 2.

Journal Article↗