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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Text mining of DNA sequence homology searches.

Primary tasks in analysis and annotation of expressed sequence tag (EST) datasets are to identify similarity among sequences by unsupervised clustering and assign putative function based on BLAST homology searches. We investigated the usefulness of text mining as a simple approach for further higher-level clustering of EST datasets using IBM Intelligent Miner for Text v2.3 tools. Agglomerative and k-means clustering tools were used to cluster BLASTx homology search documents from two onion EST datasets and optimised by pre-processing and pruning. Subjective evaluation confirmed that these tools provided biologically useful and complementary views of the two libraries, provided new insights into their composition and revealed clusters previously identified by human experts. We compared BLASTx textual clusters for two gene families with their DNA sequence-based clusters and confirmed that these shared similar morphology.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed1993

The Rancho EMG analyzer: a computerized system for gait analysis.

This paper describes a computer system which accurately defines the EMG patterns of the lower extremities during gait. Footswitches are used to identify the temporal relationships and determine the phases of the gait cycle. Fine wire electrodes, inserted in the desired muscles of the patient being tested, provide EMG signals for comparison with a normal database. The system is also usable with surface electrodes when an appropriate normal database for surface electrodes is incorporated. Descriptive qualifiers (such as 'premature onset', 'delayed cessation', 'no clinically significant EMG', 'continuous activity' etc.) are used to produce a clinically relevant printed (textual) report. The intensity filtered average (IFA) of the EMG is shown graphically with the representative profile of each stride. The IFAs for all muscles tested can be plotted together (up to six on a page) and the graphic representation of the 'raw' EMG can be produced. The methods of generating the normal database by creating time-adjusted mean profiles (TAMP) are enumerated. The clinical use of the system is discussed. A detailed analysis of 31 of the most recent patient tests for which the system was used provides an indication of its accuracy. For 86% of the 428 muscle tests examined, the EMG analyser was considered to have given the correct result as compared with a visual analysis of the raw EMG record by a trained expert. Recommendations for the use and future improvements of the EMG analyser are made.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A qualitative study of perceptions regarding the non-nurse college graduate nurse practitioner.

Nurse practitioners (NPs) have become integral players in the current healthcare system. Some schools admit students with bachelor's degrees in other fields without prior nursing experience into accelerated BS-to-graduate NP programs. The purpose of this study is to examine healthcare providers' perceptions regarding these non-nurse college graduates (NNCGs) functioning as nurse practitioners. The literature review revealed no prior qualitative investigation examining healthcare providers' perceptions of NNCGs. This study elicited a textual response to an open-ended question. Criteria for inclusion included ages 21 and older and licensure in nursing (RN) or medicine (MD or DO). Fourteen textural responses were analyzed. An adaptation of Colaizzi's method of data analysis was used to extract and describe themes. The four thematic categories that emerged from the data included: "Role Complexity," "Experience as Teacher" "System Savvy," and "On the Plus Side," The results of this study will be used in the development of an instrument to be used in a quantitative investigation.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sick bodies textualized through images: what contemporary intensive care units can teach us].

This paper belongs to a dissertation in which, what we have call "nursing worker cyborgizing" in intensive therapy is discussed. In order to carry out this discussion we based our work on cultural theorizing, as well as on Donna Haraway understanding of cyborg. For the corpses analysis manuals and assistance protocols were used. The methodological approach used in this work is the cultural analysis, as it has been used in the Poststructuralist Cultural Studies, in order to describe and analyze the production of images of sick bodies and its decoding process through a complex monitoring system in which sick bodies, machines and nursing practitioners, connect in different ways and effects. We have concluded that it is useful and relevant to consider and discuss these instances of production and diffusion of meanings attributed to the body, life, and the Nursing care.

Culture↗
PubMed2001

Detecting gene relations from Medline abstracts.

Research in bioinformatics in the past decade has generated a large volume of textual biological data stored in databases such as MEDLINE. It takes a copious amount of effort and time, even for expert users, to manually extract useful information embedded in such a large volume of retrieved data and automated intelligent text analysis tools are increasingly becoming essential. In this article, we present a simple analysis and knowledge discovery method that can identify related genes as well as their shared functionality (if any) based on a collection of relevant retrieved relevant MEDLINE documents. The relative computational simplicity of the proposed method makes it possible to process and analyze large volumes of data in a short time. Hence, it significantly contributes to and enhances a user's ability to discover such embedded information. Two case studies are presented that indicate the usefulness of the proposed method.

Abstracting and Indexing↗
PubMed2000

[Analysis and investigation on annotations on synopsis of Jade book of golden chamber (Jin gui yi han yao lue shu yi)].

It is claimed that this Annotations on Synopsis of Jade Book of Golden Chamber written by the Japanese Kitamura Tadahiro may possibly recover, to a great extent, the original face of Jingui (Synopsis of Golden Chamber) through textual research. This is supported by the author's own study. It is also held that Kitamura's expounding on Jingui's theory is unique, based on his rich medical practice. This is of significant reference value to both clinical practice and textual research.

China↗
PubMed1999

Depression and the interpretation of ambiguity.

A number of studies have produced findings consistent with the possibility that depressives display a negative bias in interpretation. However, the results of such studies can equally well be explained by the operation of a depression-linked response bias, reflecting an elevated tendency for depressives to emit or endorse negatively-toned response options. The present experiment compares the patterns of interpretative processing displayed by subjects who differ in their BDI scores, using a priming methodology developed by anxiety researchers to eliminate the contaminating influence of emotional response bias. The pattern of priming effects obtained provides no evidence to support the existence of a negative interpretative bias in the more depressive individuals. Indeed, quite the reverse conclusion is sustained by the findings, which indicate that high BDI subjects showed an attenuated tendency to activate the more negative interpretations of the ambiguous textual stimuli. The conceptual and methodological implications of these findings are discussed, together with some specific suggestions for future research on this topic.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Extraction of SNOMED concepts from medical record texts.

Clinicians have traditionally documented patient data using natural language text. With the increasing prevalence of computer systems in health care, an increasing amount of medical record text will be stored electronically. However, for such textual documents to be indexed, shared, and processed adequately by computers, it will be important to be able to identify concepts in the documents using a common medical terminology. Automated methods for extracting concepts in a standard terminology would enhance retrieval and analysis of medical record data. This paper discusses a method for extracting concepts from medical record documents using the medical terminology SNOMED-III (Systematized Nomenclature of Human and Veterinary Medicine, Version III). The technique employs a linear least squares fit that maps training set phrases to SNOMED concepts. This mapping can be used for unknown text inputs in the same domain as the training set to predict SNOMED concepts that are contained in the document. We have implemented the method in the domain of congestive heart failure for history and physical exam texts. Our system has a reasonable response time. We tested the system over a range of thresholds. The system performed with 90% sensitivity and 83% specificity at the lowest threshold, and 42% sensitivity and 99.9% specificity at the highest threshold.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1996

DAPAS, a computerised workplace for Digital Acquisition and Processing of Analog Signals, with up to two gigabytes data per registration.

A comprehensive and flexible arrangement for Digital long-term Acquisition and Processing of Analog Signals (DAPAS) has been developed. It is especially designed for neurophysiological laboratories and mainly based on IBM-compatible PC components. A/D converters are used, which allow sampling rates of up to 100 kHz (up to 16 bits, 1-16 channels). Signals are stored continuously on DOS devices and on a fast tape streamer, which uses standard video-8 tapes, and which is 2.8 times faster than DAT-based systems. As the recording speed is adapted to the sampling rate, one tape allows recording times of (uncompressed) data acquired at a sampling rate of 100 or 10 kHz of 6.8 and 68 h, respectively. Using a coprocessor-video device, recordings may be scrolled on- or off-line on the screen. In addition, up to eight multi-channel oscilloscopes are displayed simultaneously. DAPAS allows the use of a conventional matrix printer which can act as an inertia-free multi-pen recorder. Defined stored signals are recalled by means of a time code or textual markers. All sections of recordings lasting milliseconds to hours may be displayed within seconds. DAPAS supports export filters for further processing. Thus, this system replaces analog devices (multi-pen recorder, oscilloscope, data recorder), and enables quick, complete digital processing and analysis of neurophysiological data.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1998

A multifunctional system of the national genetic register.

The National (Federal) Russian Genetic Register operates as a multifunctional system. It is designed for finding solution to the following key problems: 1. Information provision to watch families having children with hereditary and congenital diseases. 2. Follow up of the diagnostic process (including that associated with molecular-cytogenetic studies) and making predictive decisions concerning a risk of hereditary disease in the family. 3. Monitoring of new cases of congenital/hereditary disease under the effect of genotoxic and general toxic environmental factors. 4. Rendering consulting services to those concerned and reference information on the organizational/methodological problems. The relational database is composed of textual and graphical data. This enables the doctors to enter and review the pedigree in the form they have got accustomed to. Numerous built-in classification schemes help simplify and speed up the completion of the medical records. An additional information can be entered in the textual form. When requested by the user, the information about the patient and his (her) family, stored in the database, can be displayed as a summary document (a statement). To do so, a special algorithm based on the results of the logical information analysis, as well as medical history of the patients themselves and their families' members has been put forward. The document thus compiled is open for being edited by the doctor. The local computer network is operated in the "user-server" mode. For information protection purposes, an authorized access system has been devised to protect various data categories. The software tools operate in the Windows environment for IBM-compatible personal computers. Also, use is made of Microsoft SQL-Server, Visual Fox-Pro 3.0, Visual C+2 2.1, and FORTRAN 5.1. The doctor decision modules are activated with mathematical models, an expert system, and a self-learning recognizing system. The Windows NT system is a choice for the existing Federal and Regional Genetic Centers. For territorial consulting purposes other alternatives might be Windows for Workgroup 3.11 or Windows 95. The local computer networks in individual organizations will be integrated to form a Corporate Medical Genetics Service of Russia. The system is to be completed before the year 2000 in a number of phases. Up to now, program packages for family database management and recurrent risk calculations have been worked out and tested.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed1992

Nurses' professionalism in Canada: a labor process analysis.

This article draws on a body of research conducted by the author over the past ten years on the social organization of nursing work. It explores questions surrounding nurses' contemporary labor process control and its meaning for nurses' professionalization and proletarianization. Both are dynamic processes, changing as public administration of the Canadian health care system changes and as nurses are successful in winning more complete self-regulation. Nurses are currently being articulated more and more securely to dominant ideas of public sector management through textually mediated technologies. Nurses find new upwardly mobile careers and challenging, responsible, and more respected work. However, as the generation of objective information for professional accountability, cost-accounting, and managerial decision-making becomes unified in computerized patient information systems, producing and using such information becomes a central and determining core of everyday nursing work. It organizes nurses into a "managed" practice of patient care, contradictory for them in many ways. Outstanding among these contradictions is a new professionalized standpoint of cost-efficiency that subordinates nurses' traditional interests and grounding of their work in the standpoint of care.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

Evolution of document networks.

How does a network of documents grow without centralized control? This question is becoming crucial as we try to explain the emergent scale-free topology of the World Wide Web and use link analysis to identify important information resources. Existing models of growing information networks have focused on the structure of links but neglected the content of nodes. Here I show that the current models fail to reproduce a critical characteristic of information networks, namely the distribution of textual similarity among linked documents. I propose a more realistic model that generates links by using both popularity and content. This model yields remarkably accurate predictions of both degree and similarity distributions in networks of web pages and scientific literature.

Databases, Bibliographic↗
PubMed1995

Assessing the level of student reflection from reflective journals.

The concept of reflective learning has been widely adopted in many of the nursing curricula today. Reflective learning is of particular relevance to the education of professionals, as it encourages students to integrate theory with practice, appreciate the world on their own behalf, and turn every experience into a new potential learning experience. While nurse educators have widely accepted the educational benefits of reflection, research into reflective learning is hampered by the lack of reliable and widely accepted methods for assessing whether reflection takes place and the level of any reflection. This study attempted to develop and test coding systems for written reflective journals based on two well-known models of reflective thinking. The reflective journals submitted by the students were subjected to content analysis at two levels. The findings of this study suggest that student writing can be used as evidence for the presence or absence of reflective thinking. The process of allocating students to three categories of non-reflector, reflector and critical reflector was straightforward and reliable. Identifying textual elements within journals and allocating them to the finer levels of reflection within a more complex model of reflective thinking was, however, more problematic and considerably less reliable.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed1999

"Be unto me as a precious ointment": Lady Grace Mildmay, sixteenth-century female practioner.

Lady Grace Mildmay's manuscripts represent an unusual presentation of three interrelated areas of family, devotion, and medicine. By examining her autobiography, meditations, and medical papers, I draw together literary analysis and discourses of female devotional and social practices with that of medical discourses to illustrate the ways in which women practitioners may have acquired and disseminated medical knowledge, and interacted with their patients, as well as how Lady Mildnay, and presumably other landed women practitioners, formed a textual community of women who administerd medical treatment to lay people in late sixteenth-century England.

History, 16th Century↗
PubMed2002

Representation and processing of complex DNA spatial architecture and its annotated genomic content.

This paper presents a new general approach for the spatial representation and visualization of DNA molecule and its annotated information. This approach is based on a biological 3D model that predicts the complex spatial trajectory of huge naked DNA. With such modeling, a global vision of the sequence is possible, which is different and complementary to other representations as textual, linguistics or syntactic ones. The DNA is well known as a three-dimensional structure. Whereas, the spatial information plays a great part during its evolution and its interaction with the other biological elements This work will motivate investigations in order to launch new bioinformatics studies for the analysis of the spatial architecture of the genome. Besides, in order to obtain a friendly interactive visualization, a powerful graphic modeling is proposed including DNA complex trajectory management and its annotated-based content structuring. The paper describes spatial architecture modeling, with consideration of both biological and computational constraints. This work is implemented through a powerful graphic software tool, named ADN-Viewer. Several examples of visualization are shown for various organisms and biological elements.

DNA↗
PubMed2000

Qualitative analysis of the clinician interview-based impression of change (Plus): methodological issues and implications for clinical research.

The Clinician Interview-Based Impression of Change, plus carer interview (CIBIC-Plus), is widely used in antidementia drug trials. It comprises Likert scales for disease severity and changes, and written accounts summarizing semistructured interviews evaluating behavior, cognition, and function. Studies using the CIBIC-Plus have focused on the numeric scores to the exclusion of the textual data. Our study explored both sets of data to evaluate whether the CIBIC-Plus written data supported (a) the clinicians' global evaluation of patients' changes during treatment, and (b) the emergence of consistent treatment effects. The global (numeric) scales of change were inconsistently supported by the textual data provided in the CIBIC-Plus. No consistent treatment effects were noted. Methodological problems presently limit the retrospective use of the CIBIC-Plus textual data. Improved standardization of note-taking in the CIBIC-Plus textual data may allow for a better understanding of the typical profiles and clinical importance of changes seen in the course of dementia treatment.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

MolMovDB: analysis and visualization of conformational change and structural flexibility.

The Database of Macromolecular Movements (http://MolMovDB.org) is a collection of data and software pertaining to flexibility in protein and RNA structures. The database is organized into two parts. Firstly, a collection of 'morphs' of solved structures representing different states of a molecule provides quantitative data for flexibility and a number of graphical representations. Secondly, a classification of known motions according to type of conformational change (e.g. 'hinged domain' or 'allosteric') incorporates textual annotation and information from the literature relating to the motion, linking together many of the morphs. A variety of subsets of the morphs are being developed for use in statistical analyses. In particular, for each subset it is possible to derive distributions of various motional quantities (e.g. maximum rotation) that can be used to place a specific motion in context as being typical or atypical for a given population. Over the past year, the database has been greatly expanded and enhanced to incorporate new structures and to improve the quality of data. The 'morph server', which enables users of the database to add new morphs either from their own research or the PDB, has also been enhanced to handle nucleic acid structures and multi-chain complexes.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1998

Medieval descriptions and doctrines of stroke: preliminary analysis of select sources. Part III: multiplying speculation - the high and late Middle Ages (1000-1450).

By analyzing a body of texts compiled by various medical authors from the 11th to the 15th century, four basic developments can be noted: (1) From the beginning of the eleventh century the reception, translation and assimilation of Arabian and arabicized ancient texts became the ultimate goal of Western medicine (Constantine the African, Arnad of Villanova, et al.). Concepts of stroke were consequently guided by textual tradition, not by observation. (2) Scholastic speculations about different aspects of apoplexy, especially those concerning its origins, were numerous (Johannes Platearius, Batholomaeus Salernitanus, Pietro d'Abano, Giacomo da Forli). Although most medieval physicians used the ancient doctrine of the four humors as model and explanation, opinions differed in many ways. (3) Attempts developed to present a simple outline of the etiology, the prognosis, and the treatment of the disease (Gilbertus Anglicus, Bernard of Gordon, John of Gaddesden). (4) Although lacking in originality, many of these writers nevertheless achieved a certain uniformity in presenting main topics, thus setting the standard for later practitioners.

Arab World↗