CHANGES IN STEROID CONTENT OF THE ADRENAL OF RATS FOLLOWING PROLONGED ADMINISTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE WITH OR WITHOUT ACTH.
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Adrenal Glands↗
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Influence of testosterone propionate administered neonatally on puberty and bisexual behavior in female hamsters.
Female hamsters were treated with oil, 3-mug., 30-mug., or 300-mug. testosterone propionate (TP) as neonates. Neonatal TP treatment delayed the onset of puberty by 4.5 days to an age near that previously reported for the male hamster. In addition, neonatal TP altered genital morphology, induced the capacity for mounting behavior, and at the highest dosage, disrupted the ability to bear and rear young. Vaginal and behavioral estrous cycles, however, were not influenced by neonatal TP. In a second experiment, 600-mug. TP administered neonatally blocked estrous cyclicity, but did not eliminate the capacity to display feminine sexual behavior. These results imply that "masculinization" and "defeminization" are separate aspects of neurobehavioral sexual differentiation, and the "defeminization" includes several independent physiological processes.
Animals↗
High dosage testosterone propionate induces copulatory behavior in the obese male Zucker rat.
Genetically obese male Zucker rats sire few litters compared with lean males. High dosage testosterone propionate (TP) dramatically improves their litter production. Here we report the effect of high dosage TP on the copulatory behavior of obese males. Subjects were placed with ovariectomized, hormonally-primed females 24 hr after receiving a subcutaneous injection of vehicle or 20 mg TP. Other obese males received three consecutive daily TP injections or TP once every three days for up to 30 days prior to being tested. While 90% of sham-injected lean males became sexually active, only 18.2% of sham-injected obese males did so. In contrast 50% to 62.5% of TP-injected obese males became active depending on TP exposure. The proportion of obese males which ejaculated was high for sham-injected males which copulated, but varied with TP exposure for TP-injected males. In other respects the copulatory performance of obese and lean males was similar. High dosage TP increases fertility by correcting a behavioral deficit. Three possible mechanisms of TP action are proposed.
Animals↗
Site-specific effects of testosterone propionate on the prostate of rat pretreated with 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl: dose-dependent induction of invasive carcinomas.
It has been shown that testosterone propionate (TP) strongly promotes induction of invasive carcinomas in previously initiated accessory sex organs. In this study, in order to clarify the dose-dependence of this promotion, TP was given at 3 different levels (high, medium or low doses) using different sizes (2, 1 and 0.5 cm long) of Silastic tube for 40 weeks after administration of 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl to male F344 rats. The data showed development of invasive carcinomas in the dorso-lateral and anterior prostate and in the seminal vesicle to be dose-dependent with the high dose of TP being most effective for tumor induction. Average levels of serum testosterone were approximately 800, 600, 300 and 150 ng/dl in rats given the high to low doses and in control rats, respectively. Development of neoplastic lesions in the ventral prostate demonstrated an inverse dependence on the dose of TP. These findings, together with previous data, suggest that the tumor-promoting potential of TP on rat prostate is unlikely to be simply due to its androgenic action and other factors should also be considered.
Aminobiphenyl Compounds↗
Action of testosterone propionate on the gonadotrophic function of the pituitary gland in the cyclic female rat.
Four-day cyclic female rats were injected with 5 mg testosterone propionate (TP) at dioestrus II at 10.00. A blockade of ovulation was observed on the morning of oestrus in most of these animals. No LH surge occurred in the afternoon of pro-oestrus. By contrast the size of follicles exceeding 400 micrometer in diameter did not differ in the afternoon of pro-oestrus in TP-treated and control females. Moreover both the number of follicles and the blood FSH concentration appeared to be higher at 14.00 on pro-oestrus in TP-treated than in control females. The effects of TP in vivo are thus in agreement with the observations which showed that TP caused a blockade of LH release and the maintenance of FSH release in vitro.
Animals↗
[The combined effects of testosterone propionate and a temporary lowering of temperature on the fate of Müllerian ducts of the female bird embryo. Morphological, histological, and cytobiochemical studies].
The action of testosterone propionate combined with a temporary lowering of temperature after the sexual differentiation of chick and quail female embryos--inhibits the cephalo-caudal regression of the right müllerian duct--prevents the development of the left one. In some cases, these two ducts are thread and often have the same length: in other cases, the involution of the müllerian tractus may be total.
Animals↗
Biochemical changes of the human semen produced by chlorambucil, testosterone propionate and human chorionic gonadotropin administration.
Biochemical analysis and morphological studies were carried out in six patients with lymphomas during and after withdrawal treatment with chlorambucil, testosterone propionate (TP) and human chorionic gonadotropins (HCG). In the course of the treatment with chlorambucil patients developed severe oligozoospermia or azoospermia. The spermatogenesis recovered after a variable period of time following suspension of treatment. During the drug administration seminal fructose and citric acid concentrations increase but the recovery after withdrawal takes a longer period of time. Simultaneous treatment with HCG or TP normalized the biochemical parameters without restoring spermatogenesis.
Adolescent↗
[Structure and cytophysiology of gastric endocrine gland cells after repeated administration of testosterone propionate].
By means of light, electron microscopy and morphometry methods contents and structural organization of endocrinocytes have been investigated in gastric glands of rats, to whom testosterone propionate has been injected for 5, 10, 15, 20 days. The hormone produces certain stimulating effect on the endocrine apparatus function. During the first stages of the experiment most of the endocrinocytes are at the state of active secretion; this is testified as a decreasing composition of histochemically revealed cells in epithelium and their degranulation. During the following stages the process of synthesis is activated in the cells and their amount increases. Appearance of numerous agranular, poorly differentiated endocrinocytes and exo-endocrine cells demonstrates certain intensification of cytogenesis of endocrinocytes in the gastric epithelium. The changes observed are considered as adaptive, directed to stabilize homeostasis, when the hormonal balance is disturbed.
Animals↗
Follicular growth rate and lack of influence of oestradiol valerate, testosterone propionate and aminoglutethimide phosphate on ovarian follicular development in the musk shrew, Suncus murinus L.
Growth rate of follicles and effects of administration of oestradiol valerate (EV), testosterone propionate (TP) and aminoglutethemide phosphate (AGP) on the development of ovarian follicles of the adult musk shrew were investigated. The follicular growth rate was estimated by mitotic index before and 2 hr after colchicine treatment to the shrews. Mitotic index of granulosa cells increased linearly with the increase in the follicular diameter. The calculated mean duration of mitosis was 0.48 hr. The mean time taken for follicle to pass from primary follicle stage to preovulatory stage was estimated to be 12 days. Treatment of both the steroids EV and TP, failed to produce any noticeable effect on the atretic follicle of the musk shrew. The results indicate that neither EV or TP, nor the potent steroid inhibitor AGP had any influence on the growth of large follicles in this primitive eutherian mammal.
Aminoglutethimide↗
The effect of a single injection of testosterone propionate and estradiol benzoate on the LH-RH induced release of FSH and LH in the male rat.
Male adult, intact rats were treated with 1000 or 2000 mug/kg testosterone propionate (TP), 500 or 1000 mug/kg estradiol benzoate (EB) or ol. arachidis only. 30 min, 24h, 48h and 7 days later they were injected with 5 mug/kg LH-RH or saline solution. 30 min after this FSH, LH and testosterone were determined in plasma by radioimmunoassay. It is shown that pretreatment with 500 mug/kg TP enhances significantly the FSH release after LH-RH even on day 7, while the greater dose of TP does not significantly affect the release of FSH. The LH-RH induced release of LH is also increased by the pretreatment with 500 mug/kg TP, while 2000 mug/kg TP do not alter the reaction to LH-RH. EB in both doses does not influence the LH-RH induced release of FSH and LH.
Animals↗
Frequent serum sampling in healthy men discloses testosterone peaks exacerbated by testosterone propionate administration.
Interval samplings uncover blood diurnal oscillations for several hormones, highlighting the importance of short time intervals in the disclosure of subtle pulsatile patterns of some peptide hormones, namely LH. In a study designed to develop new probes against steroid misuse, venous blood was sampled at 5-min intervals for 4 hours from 12 eugonadal adult male athletes, 6 receiving transcutaneous administrations of testosterone propionate and 6 placebo subjects. Brief supraphysiologic serum testosterone peaks were disclosed, the amplitude and frequency of these peaks being larger for the treated group. No solid explanation could be given to explain these bursts. Neither the binding/dissociation kinetics of SHBG molecules with and without increased circulating level of dihydrotestosterone, nor brief testosterone-inducing LH bursts, nor increased Leydig cell release could be invoked to explain these peaks. Their occurrence, although relatively rare, could represent a threat and lead to improper treatment.
Administration, Cutaneous↗
Neonatal testosterone propionate treatment in the female gerbil: morphological and behavioral effects.
The present experiment examined the effects of a single neonatal injection of 1 mg or 100 micrograms of testosterone propionate (TP) on the sexual behavior and morphology of the female Mongolian gerbil. Four groups were created: vehicle-treated males (VM), 1-mg TP-treated females (HTP), 100-micrograms TP-treated females (LTP), and vehicle-treated females (VF). In adulthood, tests of sexual behavior were carried out after gonadectomy and appropriate hormone replacement therapy. Results indicated that LTP, HTP, and VM animals were significantly less receptive than VF animals. In addition, VM animals displayed significantly more male sexual activity than HTP, LTP, or VF animals. Immediately after the final test for male sexual behavior, subjects were weighed, anogenital distances recorded, and scent glands measured (length and width). Results indicated that a significant degree of morphological masculinization had occurred in HTP subjects for all measures and for LTP subjects for scent gland width and anogenital distance. These findings suggest that in the gerbil, significant morphological masculinization and behavioral defeminization can both occur in teh absence of significant behavioral masculinization.
Animals↗
Effect of testosterone propionate on ABP levels in rats hypophysectomised at different ages using individual sampling.
The effect of age at hypophysectomy on the response of the regressed rat testis to testosterone propionate (TP) and FSH with respect to androgen-binding protein (ABP) levels was studied in individual animals. All treatments were begun 30 days after surgery. Treatment of rats 35, 45, 55 and 75 days of age at surgery with TP (1 mg/260 g for 25 days) significantly increased the level of ABP in the testes of animals in all age groups except those hypophysectomized at 35 days of age. TP treatment did not significantly elevate epididymal levels of ABP above those found in untreated rats in any age group. In animals hypophysectomized at 100 days of age, acute treatment (3 days) with FSH (150 and 300 mug/day) significantly increases the ABP levels per testis and per epididymis. Similar treatment with 750 mug TP/day did not result in a statistically significant increase in testicular ABP. No synergism between the two hormones was noted under the conditions described. Significant restoration of testicular ABP levels per mg protein was achieved with 1 mg TP/day by 5 days of treatment. Treatment of hypophysectomized adult rats with FSH raised the epididymal/testicular ratio of ABP to about 40% of that found in intact rats while comparable treatment with TP (750 mug/day for 3 days or 1 mg/day for 10 days) only slightly affected the ratio. It is postulated that FSH may facilitate ABP transport to the epididymis in addition to affecting its production by the testis.
Aging↗
Testosterone propionate prevents cisplatin induced inhibition of renal beta-glucuronidase activity in rats.
The activities of lysosomal enzymes in the kidney of rats (100 and 30 days old) were studied following treatment with cisplatin and cisplatin with testosterone propionate for 2 alternate days. The decreased activity of renal beta-glucuronidase during cisplatin treatment reflected the decreased availability of testosterone, while activity was increased in the rats supplemented with testosterone. The decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in all the experimental groups may be due to the inhibition of cellular processes exerted by cisplatin acting directly on the brush border membrane of kidney.
Alkaline Phosphatase↗
Effect of testosterone propionate on levels of carnitine and testicular androgen binding protein (ABP) in rat epididymis.
Twenty-one day old rats were treated for 10 days with various doses of testosterone propionate (TP) (10 micrograms to 10 mg/day) and the levels of L-carnitine and testicular androgen binding protein (ABP) were measured in the 105,000 x g supernatant fractions of epididymis. Treatment with TP in increasing doses had a biphasic effect on the level of ABP in the epididymis; thus, with doses of TP of 10-100 micrograms/day, the ABP level was reduced in a dose-dependent way, whereas with higher doses of TP (0.2 to 1 mg/day) the extent of reduction of ABP levels was less as the dose of TP increased. Treatment with high doses (5 mg or 10 mg/day) did not change the ABP level compared with non-treated control rats. The concentration of carnitine increased linearly (log dose-response) with increasing doses of TP (10-200 micrograms/day) and there was no further increase after treatment with higher doses of TP. In adult rats TP (175 micrograms and 17.5 mg/day) reduced the level of ABP but not the level of carnitine in the epididymis. These studies suggest, therefore, that ABP is of minor importance for the supply of androgens to the carnitine-concentrating cells in the corpus and cauda epididymis.
Androgen-Binding Protein↗
Sexual behavior in adult gonadectomized female pseudohermaphrodite, female, and male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) treated with estradiol benzoate and testosterone propionate.
Studies were made of the sexual behavior of 22 gonadectomized adult rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) given no hormonal treatment, treated with estradiol benzoate (EB, 20 microgram/day), and treated with testosterone propionate (TP, 10 mg/day). Experimentally produced female pseudohermaphrodites (hermaphrodites, n = 6), long-term castrated males (n = 9), and ovariectomized females (n = 7) were given 36 pair tests of 10-min duration with ovariectomized, estrogen-primed female partners. Twelve tests were given under each treatment condition. Yawning was the only behavior that showed a significant effect across treatments for hermaphrodites and females; the yawning rate was greater with TP treatment. The number of tests during which hermaphrodites showed erections increased significantly under TP treatment. One hermaphrodite mounted, but none achieved intromission or ejaculated. Males displayed several significant treatment effects, including increased mounting, intromitting, and ejaculating frequencies under TP treatment. The EB had little effect on any of the behaviors in any group. Rates of aggression and grimacing were greater among hermaphrodites than among males and females. Males displayed significantly greater rates of sexual behavior than hermaphrodites or females. As infants and juveniles, these hermaphrodites had displayed social and sexual behavior characteristic of males, but as mature adults, their behavior and responsiveness to testosterone at a dose capable of activating a high level of sexual behavior in castrated males gave little evidence of masculinization.
Animals↗
Effects of prenatal testosterone propionate treatment on saccharin preference of adult rats exposed to ethanol in utero.
Prenatal exposure to alcohol feminizes saccharin consumption patterns in adult male rats. To study the involvement of testosterone in this effect, testosterone propionate (TP) was administered to pregnant dams in an attempt to reverse that feminized saccharin consumption pattern in the male offspring. Female offspring were also studied to determine the effect of TP on saccharin preference in normal males and females. During the last week of gestation, dams were administered a liquid diet containing 35% ethanol derived calories, an isocaloric liquid diet containing no ethanol, or Purina Lab Chow. Half of the dams in each group received twice daily injections of TP, the other half were injected with the oil vehicle. Saccharin consumption of adult fetal alcohol exposed (FAE) males from dams administered oil or TP was significantly greater than controls, indicating that the feminized pattern of saccharin consumption of FAE males cannot be overcome with TP administration during the prenatal period. In controls, prenatal TP exposure alone was found to increase adult saccharin consumption in both sexes. Prenatal administration of TP was also found to markedly depress body weight of offspring of dams receiving the liquid diets compared to offspring from dams receiving the same diets plus oil injections. Body weights of offspring from TP or oil injected dams receiving the chow fed diets during pregnancy did not differ.
Animals↗
Proliferation of skeletal muscle satellite cells after castration and administration of testosterone propionate.
Thirty-six neonatal pigs were randomly assigned to the following treatment groups: sham implanted gonadally intact males (B), sham-implanted castrated males (C), or castrated males implanted with testosterone propionate (C + TP). Four pigs from each group were sacrificed at 7, 14, or 21 days of age after a 6-hr continuous infusion of [3H]thymidine. Myofibers isolated from the triceps brachii were prepared for satellite cell enumeration by light microscope autoradiography. A developmental decline in labeled myofiber nuclei occurred in all groups, however, the greatest decline occurred in C (P less than 0.01). A treatment-by-age interaction was observed for percentage of labeled nuclei. Castration reduced total and labeled nuclei per millimeter myofiber (P less than 0.05), and C + TP had a higher percentage of labeled nuclei than C (2.8 vs 2.2%; P less than 0.05). Since triceps brachii muscles from 21 day B and C + TP were 120% (P less than 0.05) of C, the results indicate that postnatal growth of skeletal muscle is dependent on satellite cell mitotic activity and that testosterone enhances this activity in neonatal pigs.
Animals↗