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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Model tests for effectiveness assay of disinfectants on surfaces. III. Dependence of test results on the type of substances and the test microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium terrae)].

A new test method for surface disinfectants was applied to investigate the efficacy of the most important active components of disinfectants to Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium terrae. The test germs were embedded in coagulated blood. Frosted glass served as test surface. The disinfection was performed by applying a fixed amount of the disinfectant and mixing it with the contamination by rubbing. The number of surviving germs was determined quantitatively. Generally, the two test germs showed a distinctly different behaviour towards the active substances applied. Mycobacteria proved to be clearly more resistant than staphylococci, except with formaldehyde and the cresol-soap solution. The formaldehyde, the mycobacteria were only a little more resistant, while to cresol-soap solution they were even a little more sensitive than were staphylococci. Compounds containing active chloride showed a sufficient effect on mycobacteria only if the consumption of the active component by blood was nearly excluded. The quaternary ammonium compound and glyoxal, even the high concentrations, showed a totally insufficient efficacy to mycobacteria. The results shall provide the basis for a new guideline to be established by the Federal Health Office concerning the efficacy testing of surface disinfectants effective against mycobacteria, especially tuberculosis bacteria.

Chlorine↗
PubMed1993

A comparative study on the solid phase capture--platelet test, platelet adhesion immunofluorescence test and lymphocytotoxic test.

The sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of the solid phase capture-platelet test (CPT) were compared with those of the platelet adhesion immunofluorescence test (PAIFT) and the lymphocytotoxic test (LCT). This study shows that CPT has a higher sensitivity than PAIFT (P < 0.001) and LCT (P < 0.01). The specificity was 86% lower than LCT (100%) (P < 0.01). Both the CPT test and PAIFT were comparable with regard to reproducibility (100%, 92%). The solid phase assay is easier to handle than PAIFT and LCT, allowing identification of HLA as well as of platelet specific antibodies. It is an efficient antibody screening test.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1996

The field testing of Denver Developmental Screening Test Singapore: a Singapore version of Denver II Developmental Screening Test.

The Denver Developmental Screening Test, Singapore (DDST, Singapore), a Singapore version of the Denver II Developmental Screening Test, was field-tested, using trained staff nurses as testers, on 2459 children (known cases excluded), in 5 key ages of 3 months, 9 months, 17 months, 37 months and 60 months. Only 2.6% (65) of the parents suspected developmental problems in their children before screening. Taking children with "questionable" (7.2%), "abnormal" (3.7%) and "untestable" (1.7%) scores as the screened-out cases, the DDST, Singapore had a screened-out rate of 12.6%. A total of 171 screened-out cases and 168 "normal" children were also evaluated by the Development Assessment Clinic (DAC) of the Singapore General Hospital and the results were compared in these 2 groups of children. Among the screened-out cases, 16.6% were confirmed or suspected to have neuro-developmental disorders (NDDs) by the DAC. The computed NDD rate in the study sample was 5.3%. Based on a single DDST, Singapore test result, there was a high false positive rate of 83.5% and lower false negative rate of 3.7% compared to the DAC assessment. However, the high false positive rate would be significantly reduced by doing a repeat screening test on the "questionable" cases and having the screened-out cases assessed by trained primary health care doctors. In conclusion, no major revision is needed in the scoring criteria suggested in the current version of DDST, Singapore. It is a useful tool in identifying children who will otherwise be missed without formal screening.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1996

[Urease test, microbiologic tests, histologic and serologic tests for the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori infections in persons with peptic ulcer and gastritis].

The presence of Helicobacter pylori in the gastric mucosa of 150 patients with gastric, duodenal ulcer and endoscopic gastritis was investigated by rapid urease-based test, culture, histological examination and serology. Overall, 78% were positive for Helicobacter pylori by rapid urease-based test, 69.3% by culture, 53.7% by histological staining and 93.2% by serology (p < 0.001). The frequency of Helicobacter pylori was higher in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer compared with those with endoscopic gastritis and those after gastric resection. However, the differences were significant only with reference to rapid urease-based test, (p < 0.02). The EIA (Roche) serological test had the highest sensitivity and the lowest specificity. This indicates the seed for serological kit to be independently evaluated on the population to be studied. The rapid urease-based test was simple, rapid and inexpensive, and it was more sensitive and equally specific compared with culture and Giemsa stain.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Utilization of d-tartaric acid by Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella java: comparison of anaerobic plate test, lead acetate test and turbidity test.

d-Tartrate dehydrase of Salmonella java is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme active in cultures incubated under the poorly aerated conditions of static culture but not in fully aerated shaken cultures nor on plates incubated aerobically. On plates of d-tartrate minimal agar incubated anaerobically the enzyme or the degradation products of d-tartrate are exported from d-tartrate-positive cells and are available to d-tartrate-negative bacteria. This may give misleading growth results when d-tartrate-positive and d-tartrate-negative strains are tested for growth on the same plate of d-tartrate minimal agar. The lead-acetate test terminated at 24 h, the 24 h turbidity test and the ability to grow on d-tartrate minimal agar within 48 h differentiated 53 S. paratyphi B strains that were negative in each of the three tests from 76 S. java that were positive in each of the tests. An intermediate group of eight strains utilized d-tartrate in Difco bacto-peptone water to give a positive lead acetate reaction at 2 days, were stimulated to a varying degree by d-tartrate in Oxoid peptone water within the same period of incubation and grew poorly on d-tartrate minimal agar. These latter strains may be deficient in a permease controlling uptake of d-tartrate or export of d-tartrate dehydrase. Inability to utilize d-tartrate is unlikely to be the single character accountable for the reputed enhanced pathogenicity of S. paratyphi B when compared with S. java. Indications for the existence of an enzyme, complementary to and mutually exclusive with d-tartrate dehydrase, that has a positive correlation with pathogenicity are discussed.

Anaerobiosis↗
PubMed1995

A useful testing strategy in phase III trials: combined test of superiority and test of equivalence.

A useful testing strategy is proposed for a confirmatory phase III clinical trial. It consists of a combined test of superiority and test of equivalence, and it is easy to apply. By introducing the strategy, we can perform a post hoc analysis in a confirmatory experiment. Thus a more flexible decision will be possible than the usual single testing method provides. It is shown that the procedure needs no adjustment for multiplicity from the point of view of the closed testing procedure. The relationship between this strategy and a confidence interval is also discussed.

Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic↗
PubMed1990

Projective test findings for boys with gender disturbance: Draw-A-Person Test, IT scale, and Make-A-Picture Story Test.

With 66 boys, aged 3 yr. to 17 yr. who were referred for potential gender-identity disorder, this study examined intrapsychic manifestations as reflected in their projections to the Draw-A-Person Test, the Brown IT Scale for Children, and the Shneidman Make-A-Picture Story Test. Without access to these projective test findings, an independent clinical psychologist provided a diagnostic rating on the severity of gender disturbance on a five-point diagnostic rating scale, based on clinical interviews of the child and his parents and a systematic behavioral assessment based on previously published normative standardization data. For each of the three projective measures, significant correlations were found between the clinician ratings on severity of gender disturbance and the test findings in the feminine direction (D-A-P, r = .44; IT Scale, r = .64; M-A-P-S, r = .35). These results validated the use of intrapsychic phenomena of fantasy and self-perception as measured by these projective tests for the diagnosis of gender disturbance in male children and adolescents.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The insulin test after vagotomy and antral resection or drainage. Stability and reversal of test response in repeated tests.

Repeated insulin tests were carried out on 118 patients after vagotomy and antral resection or vagotomy and drainage. The main indication for operation was gastro-duodenal ulcer. The test was performed in both the early (average 13.7 days after the operation) and late (average 3.3 years) postoperative phase. After vagotomy and antral resection, the proportion of Hollander-positive responses decreased from 21.1% in the early phase to 11.1% in the late phase, but after vagotomy and drainage, it increased from 32.1% to 57.1% (p greater than 0.05 in both). Changes of the test response from negative to positive and vice versa were seen after both types of operations. After vagotomy and antral resection, in tests with a change of the response from positive to negative (14.4%) there was a significant decrease in insulin-stimulated acid secretion. After vagotomy and drainage, there were more changes from negative to positive (28.6%), but no significant differences were seen in acid secretion values. Some tests showed a change from early positive to late positive (Ross & Kay). The significance and possible explanations for the changes are discussed in the light of acid secretion values.

Blood Glucose↗
PubMed1985

The thin layer rapid use epicutaneous test (TRUE-test), a new patch test method with high accuracy.

The thin layer rapid use epicutaneous test (TRUE-test) is a new patch test, in which the allergens are incorporated in a thin, flexible solid vehicle on a water impermeable backing. The vehicle shows good stability for allergens, which are crystallized, micronized or emulsified into a gel. The TRUE-test produces an exact dosage, even surface spread and high bioavailability for the allergens. This solves the problems of low bioavailability, uncertain dosage and uneven surface distribution which are commonly seen when petrolatum is used as the vehicle.

Cobalt↗
PubMed1975

Chamber test versus patch test for epicutaneous testing.

A new modification of the chamber test for epicutaneous testing, and improved auxiliary equipment are presented. Compared with the customary patch test, the chamber test in its present form has several remarkable advantages, which are described in detail.

Dermatitis, Contact↗
PubMed2001

Selected topics in point-of-care testing. Urinalysis, pregnancy testing, microbiology, fecal occult blood, and other tests.

The menu of tests available at the point of care continues to expand. Many of these tests present unique opportunities to deploy point-of-care technologies in the home, outpatient, and hospital settings. The future will inevitably create new applications for POCT. The success of these efforts will be in part determined by how technologies for specific applications are selected and by the ability to manage new point-of-care tests as part of an organizational point-of-care program. The possibilities to improve patient care are obvious, provided adequate attention is paid to ensuring quality testing and to managing patient data from these novel technologies.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1994

Practice parameter--the lupus erythematosus cell test. An obsolete test now superseded by definitive immunologic tests.

The lupus erythematosus (LE) cell test (synonyms: LE prep, LE phenomenon; CPT No. 85544, LE Cell Prep) is a diagnostic test for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that is based on an in vitro immunologic reaction between the patient's autoantibodies to nuclear antigens and damaged nuclei in the testing medium. It is subject to numerous experimental variables and dependent on subjective interpretation. It should be abandoned in favor of more definitive, quantitative immunologic tests for this condition.

Cytodiagnosis↗
PubMed2001

Testing platelet activation with a shear-dependent platelet function test versus aggregation-based tests: relevance for monitoring long-term glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition.

BACKGROUND: Tests developed to monitor glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa blockade do not properly reflect platelet function in vivo and need a baseline (pretreatment) value. Because GP IIb/IIIa is essential in platelet aggregation and thrombosis under shear conditions, a flow-dependent approach to monitor its inhibition can be used. METHODS AND RESULTS: We compared a test based on flow-dependent platelet deposition, the Cone and Platelet Analyzer (CPA), with in vitro platelet aggregometry and the Rapid Platelet Function Assay (RPFA) on platelet function after GP IIb/IIIa inhibition. In vitro, increasing concentrations of abciximab (0% to 100% receptor occupancy) were tested. Ex vivo, platelet function was monitored with the CPA and with aggregometry for up to 1 week after abciximab administration. The CPA was better correlated with the percentage of free GP IIb/IIIa receptors than was aggregometry or the RPFA. Only the RPFA, when expressed as a ratio over baseline (pretreatment), was comparable to the CPA. Ex vivo, the CPA, but not aggregometry, showed prolonged platelet inhibition with gradual recovery from GP IIb/IIIa receptor blockade in the first week after abciximab administration. CONCLUSIONS: Platelet function assessment by shear-induced deposition is a reliable test to monitor a wide range of GP IIb/IIIa inhibition. Its accuracy does not require a baseline reference. The effects of GP IIb/IIIa blockade on platelet function should be examined under high shear conditions.

Abciximab↗
PubMed1988

Evaluation of immunobead test (IBT), tray-agglutination test (TAT), and sperm immobilization test (SIT).

The present investigation relates the results obtained by the indirect immunobead test (IBT) to those found during the tray-agglutination test (TAT) and sperm immobilization test (SIT) performed on 16 positive blood sera samples. An IB binding of greater than 50% can be regarded as significantly positive (p less than 0.05), since 77% of the positive IB samples with an IB binding of greater than 50% also revealed a TAT titer of greater than 1:8. The IBT is an excellent test for the detection of sperm antibodies during routine screening procedures.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of the E-test: comparison of E-test and microbroth dilution method in azole antifungal susceptibility test].

The susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Candida spp. to fluconazole (FLCZ), itraconazole (ITCZ) and ketoconazole (KCZ) were determined by a new method, E-test (AB BIODISK, Sweden) and compared with those obtained by the microbroth dilution method. The MIC values of the 3 azoles obtained by the two methods were, in general, in good agreement. While MICs of FLCZ and KCZ demonstrated higher essential agreement rates and better correlation by both methods, MIC values of ITCZ by the E-test had a tendency to be higher than those of the microbroth dilution method in azole resistant strains. Potential usability of E-test as a broth dilution method for susceptibility tests for clinically isolated Candida spp. including azole resistant strains was discussed.

Antifungal Agents↗
PubMed2000

[Uprighting test, deep respiration test and Valsalva test in patients with diabetes type 1].

Autonomic diabetic neuropathy of cardiovascular system is one of the late diabetic complications. The aim of the study was to compare heart rate time domain analysis in 23 healthy controls and in diabetic patients without (N0; n = 34) and with complications (N1, n = 55) such as retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy as well as autonomic neuropathy. The study was performed in a group of 89 patients with diabetes mellitus type 1. Classical tests of Ewing battery (upright test, Valsalva test, deep breathing test) were performed using the ProSciCard machine as well as parameters of time domain analysis were observed during prolonged to 15 minutes standing in upright body position. Comparing group N1 to group N0 significantly higher heart rate, lower standard deviation of RR interval as well as lower value of rMSSD both at rest and during prolonged stay in upright position were demonstrated.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genotoxicity of the preparation "binase" in tests on Salmonella: Ames test and ARA-test].

The present work deals with mutagenicity determination of enzyme sample "binase" (Bacillus intermedius ribonuclease) in microbial test-systems: Ames test and Ara-test. The weak mutagenic effect of "binase" high concentration was established in both tests by induction of forward Ara-mutations and Histidine-reverse mutations. A metabolic activation is seen to remove this effect.

Arabinose↗
PubMed1987

[Value of the treadmill test, bicycle ergometry test and the isometric test in evaluating the severity of coronary insufficiency].

Possibilities of the treadmill test, bicycle ergometry and the isometric test are reviewed with respect to the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of coronary heart disease (CHD). A study of 40 normal males and 95 coronary patients (including 57 aneurysm-free ones and 38 with left ventricular postinfarction aneurysm) demonstrated low diagnostic value of standard dynamic load programs for the assessment of coronary insufficiency. An original treadmill test program has been developed where each new step carries a 1 MET increment of the load, allowing to assess the severity of CHD within a wide range of clinical manifestations, and group patients according to the involvement of 1 or 2 coronary arteries. The isometric test is of little value for the diagnosis of CHD, yet it can be useful in the assessment of the severity of coronary insufficiency and identification of patients with the involvement of 2 and 3 coronary arteries.

Adult↗