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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

The use of instructional technology in poultry science curricula in the United States and Canada: 2. Factors contributing to the use of instructional technology.

This paper describes a study conducted in recognition of the increasingly widespread use of computers and the importance of exposure to instructional technology (IT) in all aspects of the poultry science curriculum. The study consisted of the distribution and analysis of two cross-sectional surveys. One survey was sent to departments to obtain profiles of poultry science degree programs and the availability of IT and general support for its use. The second survey was sent to faculty to obtain individual profiles of IT use and of factors which may influence IT use. Herein are reported the results and analysis of those factors that are thought to contribute to or limit the diffusion of these media among poultry science faculty. Analysis consisted of descriptive statistics and contingency table comparisons using Likelihood Ratio chi-square. Factors that appear to be most important to faculty use of IT are availability of desired IT equipment, access to adequate expert assistance, availability of knowledgeable peers willing to share their experience and expertise, and exposure to concrete examples and ideas of how to use IT. All of these factors contribute to another important factor in participation and adoption: making it as easy as possible for faculty to learn and to use advanced IT methods.

Agriculture↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Information technology in complex health services: organizational impediments to successful technology transfer and diffusion.

OBJECTIVE: To identify impediments to the successful transfer and implementation of packaged information systems through large, divisionalized health services. DESIGN: A case analysis of the failure of an implementation of a critical application in the Public Health System of the State of New South Wales, Australia, was carried out. This application had been proven in the United States environment. MEASUREMENTS: Interviews involving over 60 staff at all levels of the service were undertaken by a team of three. The interviews were recorded and analyzed for key themes, and the results were shared and compared to enable a continuing critical assessment. RESULTS: Two components of the transfer of the system were considered: the transfer from a different environment, and the diffusion throughout a large, divisionalized organization. The analyses were based on the Scott-Morton organizational fit framework. In relation to the first, it was found that there was a lack of fit in the business environments and strategies, organizational structures and strategy-structure pairing as well as the management process-roles pairing. The diffusion process experienced problems because of the lack of fit in the strategy-structure, strategy-structure-management processes, and strategy-structure-role relationships. CONCLUSION: The large-scale developments of integrated health services present great challenges to the efficient and reliable implementation of information technology, especially in large, divisionalized organizations. There is a need to take a more sophisticated approach to understanding the complexities of organizational factors than has traditionally been the case.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1992

Technology management information exchange (TEMINEX). Applied technology assessment for HMOs.

In an effort to obtain timely, comprehensive and valid information, The HMO Group medical directors have pooled resources to facilitate decision-making on the appropriate use of new or unfamiliar technologies. The HMO Group has responded to over 175 requests for information on topics such as organ transplants, testing and screening procedures, drugs and devices.

Health Maintenance Organizations↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Technology of immunoglobulin production. I. Technological aspects of purification].

Plasma-derived intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparations have become the major plasma products on the world blood product market due to the successful application for the prophylactic prevention of infectious diseases and replacement therapy in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In this review classical manufacturing processes as well as new chromatographic, membrane, and mixed industrial technologies are discussed with respect to the cost and amount of the final product of high quality and virus- and prion-safety which is to be obtained.

Chemical Fractionation↗
PubMed2006

Air classifier technology (ACT) in dry powder inhalation Part 4. Performance of air classifier technology in the Novolizer multi-dose dry powder inhaler.

In this study, the in vitro fine particle deposition from a multi dose dry powder inhaler (Novolizer) with air classifier technology has been investigated. It is shown that different target values for the fine particle fraction (fpf<5 microm) of the same drug can be achieved in a well-controlled way. This is particularly relevant to the application of generic formulations in the inhaler. The well-controlled and predictable fpf is achieved through dispersion of different types of formulations in exactly the same classifier concept. On the other hand, it is shown that air classifier-based inhalers are less sensitive to the carrier surface and bulk properties than competitive inhalers like the Diskus. For 10 randomly selected lactose carriers for inhalation from four different suppliers, the budesonide fpf (at 4 kPa) from the Novolizer varied between 30 and 46% (of the measured dose; R.S.D.=14.2%), whereas the extremes in fpf from the Diskus dpi were 7 and 44% (R.S.D.=56.2%) for the same formulations. The fpf from a classifier-based inhaler appears to be less dependent of the amount of lactose (carrier) fines (<15 microm) in the mixture too. Classifier-based inhalers perform best with coarse carriers that have relatively wide size distributions (e.g. 50-350 microm) and surface discontinuities inside which drug particles can find shelter from press-on forces during mixing. Coarse carrier fractions have good flow properties, which increases the dose measuring accuracy and reproducibility. The fpf from the Novolizer increases with increasing pressure drop across the device. On theoretical grounds, it can be argued that this yields a more reproducible therapy, because it compensates for a shift in deposition to larger airways when the flow rate is increased. Support for this reasoning based on lung deposition modelling studies has been found in a scintigraphic study with the Novolizer. Finally, it is shown that this inhaler produces a finer aerosol than competitor devices, within the fpf<5 microm, subfractions of particles (e.g. <1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4 and 4-5 microm) are higher.

Adhesiveness↗
PubMed1999

Novel approaches in food-processing technology: new technologies for preserving foods and modifying function.

Recent advances in emerging food-processing technologies, such as high hydrostatic pressure or high-intensity electric field pulses, allow targeted and sophisticated modification and preservation of foods. We are beginning to understand the mechanisms involved in pressure inactivation of bacterial spores and have been collecting considerable amounts of kinetic data regarding inactivation mechanisms of enzymes and vegetative microorganisms. We are also gaining more insight into the permeabilization of plant membranes and related biosynthetic responses, making progress in food structure engineering and food modification for function, and have been initiating process developments for gentle processing of delicate biomaterials based on pressure-assisted phase transitions of water.

Bacterial Physiological Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

Technology insight: Enteral stenting and new technology.

Self-expandable metal stents (SEMS) have gained acceptance for use in the gastrointestinal tract in order to relieve malignant luminal obstruction. In the upper gastrointestinal tract SEMS are used as an alternative to surgical bypass for palliation of malignant gastric-outlet obstruction. In the colon, SEMS are used to avoid colostomy during palliation and as a bridge to surgery for left-sided colonic obstruction. Enteral SEMS appear to be cost effective. This article reviews the latest in stent technology as well as the outcomes following their placement.

Constriction, Pathologic↗
PubMed2002

Epigenetic risks related to assisted reproductive technologies: short- and long-term consequences for the health of children conceived through assisted reproduction technology: more reason for caution?

Does the manipulation of gametes and embryos as practised in human IVF invoke perturbations in fetal and neonatal phenotype? There is increasing evidence that the answer is 'yes', although the degree of perturbation may be less acute than observed in other species. However, the long-term consequences are not known, and may prove to be considerable. There is now a substantial body of evidence from animal models suggesting that assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are associated with altered outcomes in fetal and neonatal development. Epigenetic modification of gene expression is an attractive hypothesis that accounts for these differences and is one of a number of causal pathways that may be activated by cellular stress invoked during manipulation. Here we widen the debate to propose that environment-induced cellular stress also acts to modify fetal and placental gene expression, potentially also contributing to phenotype skewing after ART.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Safety issues in assisted reproduction technology: the children of assisted reproduction confront the responsible conduct of assisted reproductive technologies.

Neurological sequelae and multiple birth defects have been observed in children conceived by IVF and ICSI. Multiple pregnancy is the most important risk factor. These health problems challenge the responsible practice of medicine. The core values of medicine and the deontology of the profession have been reviewed to define the responsible conduct of research and clinical practice. Professional associations have proposed guidelines to reduce health problems in assisted reproductive technology. Although these health problems could have been prevented, this response by the medical community is nonetheless an important step towards improving responsible medical practices that have become questionable over the years. Professional associations must find out means, not only to implement their guidelines, but also to prevent the recurrence of such episodes in the history of medicine.

Congenital Abnormalities↗
PubMed2001

The Camino intracranial pressure sensor: is it optimal technology? An internal audit with a review of current intracranial pressure monitoring technologies.

OBJECTIVE: To audit the reliability of the Camino intracranial pressure (ICP) sensor (Camino Laboratories, San Diego, CA) in our clinical practice as part of a continuing quality assurance program, and to assess its relative usefulness as compared with currently available ICP monitoring technologies that we reviewed. DESIGN: Prospective audit of ICP device reliability and function in 50 patients with head injuries. METHODS: Zero drift was recorded immediately after the ICP device was removed from the patient. Dynamic frequency response bench testing of each functioning catheter from 0 to 30 Hz and static calibration testing from 0 to 100 mmHg during environmental temperature variation from 22 to 40 degrees C were carried out. RESULTS: Zero drift (range, -13 to 22 mmHg; median, -1 mmHg) was recorded immediately after the devices were removed from patients. Seventeen (50%) of the devices tested for zero drift had absolute drifts of at least 3 mmHg. There was no correlation between recorded zero drift and duration of monitoring (r = 0.154, P = 0.207). Five sensors (10% of those tested) failed during patient monitoring and were replaced. Static and dynamic calibration tests of the functioning sensors were within the manufacturer's specifications. However, the sensitivity of the devices to environmental temperature remains a problem. CONCLUSION: The Camino ICP sensor remains one of the most popular ICP monitoring devices for use in patients with traumatic brain injuries. However, our recent in-house assessment demonstrated the robustness of the device to be less than adequate during routine practice. In this study, more than 50% exhibited zero drift greater than 3 mmHg, which is unacceptable in a catheter tip ICP monitoring device in which zero drift and calibration cannot be checked in vivo. A review of the literature revealed that other available ICP monitoring devices may prove to be more reliable and thus more appropriate for routine clinical measurement of ICP.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed2002

Nanotechnology: Emerging Developments and Early Detection of Cancer. A two-day workshop sponsored by the National Cancer Institute and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, August 30-31 2001, on the National Institute of Standards and Technology Campus, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.

A recent meeting jointly sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) brought together researchers active in nanotechnology and cancer molecular biology to discuss and evaluate the interface between disciplines. Emerging areas where nanotechnologies may impact cancer prevention and early cancer detection were elaborated by key researchers who catalyzed interdisciplinary dialogue aimed at fostering cross-discipline communications and future collaboration.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2005

Process analytical technology case study: part II. Development and validation of quantitative near-infrared calibrations in support of a process analytical technology application for real-time release.

This article is the second of a series of articles detailing the development of near-infrared (NIR) methods for solid dosage-form analysis. Experiments were conducted at the Duquesne University Center for Pharmaceutical Technology to demonstrate a method for developing and validating NIR models for the analysis of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content and hardness of a solid dosage form. Robustness and cross-validation testing were used to optimize the API content and hardness models. For the API content calibration, the optimal model was determined as multiplicative scatter correction with Savitsky-Golay first-derivative preprocessing followed by partial least-squares (PLS) regression including 4 latent variables. API content calibration achieved root mean squared error (RMSE) and root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) of 1.48 and 1.80 mg, respectively. PLS regression and baseline-fit calibration models were compared for the prediction of tablet hardness. Based on robustness testing, PLS regression was selected for the final hardness model, with RMSE and RMSECV of 8.1 and 8.8 N, respectively. Validation testing indicated that API content and hardness of production-scale tablets is predicted with root mean square error of prediction of 1.04 mg and 8.5 N, respectively. Explicit robustness testing for high-flux noise and wavelength uncertainty demonstrated the robustness of the API concentration calibration model with respect to normal instrument operating conditions.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2006

Standards for plasma and serum proteomics in early cancer detection: a needs assessment report from the national institute of standards and technology--National Cancer Institute Standards, Methods, Assays, Reagents and Technologies Workshop, August 18-19, 2005.

NIST and the National Cancer Institute cosponsored a workshop on August 18-19, 2005, to examine needs for reference materials for early cancer detection. This meeting focused on standards, methods, assays, reagents, and technologies. Needs for plasma and serum proteomics, DNA methylation, and specimen reference collections were discussed, and recommendations from participants were solicited. This report summarizes the discussion and recommendations for proteomics reference materials.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The adoption gap: health information technology in small physician practices. Understanding office workflow can help realize the promise of technology.

Health information technology (HIT) can promote higher quality, lower costs, and increased patient and clinician satisfaction. Yet small practice settings (where the vast majority of patient care is provided) have been slow to adopt HIT products and services. Successful adoption requires close attention to office workflow, or how tasks are organized and resources used to achieve outcomes. HIT improvements in the small physician office setting are achieved through strong leadership, strategic planning, process reengineering, change management, and customizing IT systems to match and support desired office workflows and health care outcomes.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1981

Dental radiology: a summary of recommendations from the Technology Assessment Forum. National Center for Health Care Technology.

It was the consensus of the forum that the activities of all the individuals and groups involved in dental radiology-the dentist, dental societies, peer review groups, state boards, dental schools, third-party carriers, government agencies-should be directed toward assuring the quality of the entire radiological process. In particular, methods should be developed for coordinating the activities of these groups in the interests of providing patients with the best care possible. The National Center for Health Care Technology Dental Radiology Planning Committee concluded that the purpose of the conference was well founded and that the recommendation produced from this undertaking will be of definite benefit in resolving issues outlined in the conference objectives.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1996

Information technology, Part 3. The technology hierarchy.

The era of the networked society--and medical care depending on networked intelligence--is dawning. Physicians need to plan for office practice information systems in common, with an eye to conveying data electronically between all the locations of care and all the providers involved in caring for defined populations of people. The shared database will become the most important asset of the collection of providers who make up the delivery system that creates it. This will be accomplished by layering technology on local and wide-area networks of group practices, hospitals, health plans, and payers and developing standards that make data accessible in the same format to all users, no matter where they are.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1996

Information technology: the next wave. Clinician acceptance of information technology.

Information systems have yet to make a significant inroad at the interface between clinicians and patients. The obstacles to implementing information systems at the clinical level are formidable. As these systems have begun to mature and marketplace pressures have created changing needs for clinicians and the integrated delivery systems they are working in, the need for these systems has increased. Understanding the pressures that managed care brings to bear on clinical processes will facilitate clinicians' acceptance of these technologies.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMed2003

Technology evaluation: lerdelimumab, Cambridge Antibody Technology.

Cambridge Antibody Technology is developing lerdelimumab (CAT-152), the lead in a series of human anti-TGF beta 2 antibodies, for its potential in preventing post-operative scarring in patients undergoing surgery for glaucoma (trabulectomy). It also has potential for the treatment of fibrosis, cataract, retinopathy and connective tissue disease.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗