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PubMed1985

Rapid preparation of lecture slides.

When lecture slides must be prepared at a moment's notice, these methods of rapid preparation will allow you to create good quality slides. Although rush jobs are usually associated with higher costs, using these methods will keep the price per slide to a minimum. An investment must be made for the initial equipment, but the cost per slide is much less than that of slides produced by the standard methods. Type produced by typewriters or computer printers is adequate for most slides, but better slides can be produced with KroyType or Letraset letters. The KL film is preferred for reverse slides of text or line drawings, and the RPC film for production of radiographic slides. If an X-omat developer is not available, Polaroid film is a good alternative for rapid production of slides. The KL reverse slide projects best and can be colored, but RPC film produces a good positive slide of typed material. We have also photographed from a computer terminal screen using the KL film to make positive slides, the Polaroid continuous tone film for reverse slides, and Polaroid color film for color slides of material composed on a computer terminal with multicolor and graphics capabilities.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Fingertip reconstruction with a palmar advancement flap and free dermal graft: a report of six cases.

The palmar thumb advancement flap was first described by Moberg in 1964. It was further utilized for the thumb and defined by Posner and Smith in 1971. In 1980, Macht and Watson favorably reported their technique of palmar advancement that was applicable not only for the thumb, but also for all five digits with soft tissue tip losses. A further refinement of their technique is to augment the digital tip with an autogenous dermal graft. This dermal "padding" is placed directly over the bony tuft to act as a "shock absorber," add bulk and contour to the distal tip of the finger, increase soft tissue stability, eliminate direct percussive tenderness of the bone, and decrease disability for specific occupations such as those requiring typewriting. Six cases are reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Evaluation of the acute behavioral effects and abuse potential of a C8-C9 isoparaffin solvent.

We hypothesized that the abuse potential of certain types of inhalants could be evaluated in animals by determining the overlap in their profile of behavioral effects with that of CNS depressant drugs and other depressant-like abused inhalants. For our first attempt in evaluating a solvent with an unknown abuse potential we tested ISOPAR-E. ISOPAR-E is a mixture of predominantly C8-C9 isoparaffinic hydrocarbons that is being used more and more frequently as a solvent in industrial and consumer products, including, but not limited to, typewriter correction fluids. Presently, nothing is known about the potential for abuse of products containing this solvent. In the present studies, we compared the volatility of ISOPAR-E and the abused solvent 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCE) in our exposure systems. Additionally, five behavioral procedures were conducted in mice to compare the effects of the two compounds. The results demonstrate that: (1) ISOPAR-E was less volatile than TCE; (2) ISOPAR-E produced a somewhat different profile of effects than did TCE as assessed with a functional observational battery; (3) unlike TCE, ISOPAR-E did not affect performance on tests of motor coordination; (4) TCE and ISOPAR-E produced concentration-related decreases in schedule-controlled operant performance with recovery from TCE being somewhat more rapid; (5) ISOPAR-E produced cross dependence in TCE-dependent mice; and (6) both TCE and ISOPAR-E produced substantial levels of ethanol-lever responding in a drug discrimination procedure, although the ethanol-like effects of ISOPAR-E only occurred at response rate decreasing concentrations. Overall, there was a poorer separation of behavioral and lethal concentrations for ISOPAR-E than for TCE. Although a somewhat different profile of behavioral effects was obtained with ISOPAR-E and TCE, we cannot say with certainty if enough similarities exist with abused inhalants to predict that ISOPAR-E would be subject to depressant-like abuse. Nonetheless, the feasibility of preclinical assessment of abuse potential of inhalants was demonstrated.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Developing and implementing a user-driven departmental database system--implications for the Royal College of Radiologists' COIN proposal.

With the increasing availability of computers, more departments are using word processors in place of typewriters. In the course of typing patient discharge summaries and letters, a large amount of information of potential use for audit or research purposes is entered into the computer but in a form inaccessible for analysis. We have developed a data-base system, based on information entered by departmental staff in the course of their work, rather than by designated data managers. The aim of the system is to replace word-processed clinical summaries. We describe the design, implementation and possible advantages and disadvantages of such a system and implications for the COIN proposal of the Royal College of Radiologists.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Present and future trends with NLP.

This paper reflects some desiderata on the role of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in the coming years as foreseen in the medical domain. During the Medical Informatics Europe (MIE) conference in 1997, the NLP track was composed by numerous papers on natural language, knowledge representation, nomenclatures and classifications. Indeed, the medical community is looking for solutions for the future which are going to emerge from more powerful desktop and for which the successful softwares of tomorrow are not yet identified. Presently this same community's needs remains unsatisfied with healthcare professionals writing at best their patient medical records in a text processing system. We stand today closer to the typewriter than to any modern solution which could radically transform the treatment of information related to patients. What kind of hurdles are there still in front of us before we reach this new territory?

Europe↗
PubMed2026

Multichannel genomic recording of biological information with ENGRAM.

Molecular recording is an emerging paradigm for measuring biology over time. Enhancer-mediated genomic recording of activity in multiplex (ENGRAM) is a recently described synthetic biology circuit architecture that converts the transient activity of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) into stable genomic records that can be retrospectively recovered via DNA sequencing. Here we provide a step-by-step protocol for conducting ENGRAM experiments and analyzing the resulting data. We also describe key design considerations for ENGRAM recorders, summarize the strengths and limitations of ENGRAM, and highlight applications, including multiplex signal recording and high-throughput CRE screening. In contrast to other systems for DNA-based recording in mammalian systems, ENGRAM relies on prime editing-mediated insertions to record the activity of a given CRE, such that it is inherently multiplexable-for example, four-base-pair insertions can represent the activities of up to 256 distinct CREs. A further contrast lies with ENGRAM's compatibility with DNA Typewriter, which facilitates the capture of signal order. For users with basic skills in molecular biology, mammalian cell culture and DNA sequencing analysis, ENGRAM experiments can typically be completed within 5-6 weeks.

Genomics↗
PubMed1980

A computer-based therapy for the treatment of aphasic subjects with writing disorders.

A computer-controlled rehabilitation for aphasics with writing impairments is presented. Subjects were asked to type words under dictation. Each time a letter was typed in its correct position, it was displayed on a screen. If the contrary, the error was not displayed, thus avoiding visual reinforcement of false choices. This method of rehabilitation has proved efficient as concerns typewriting. More importantly, some learning transfer to handwriting was observed at the completion of experimental training. The results showed a significant reduction in the number of misspelled words as well as in the erroneous choice and serial ordering of letters. The stability of the observed improvement is discussed in relationship to variables such as the time elapsed since brain damage and the type of writing difficulty.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Volatile substance and other drug abuse inhalation in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: Inhalant misuse is the intentional inhalation of volatile substances in order to obtain euphoric, disinhibiting, and exciting effects. Solvents, glues, adhesives, paints, varnishes, paint removers, dry cleaning agents, spray paints, nail polish removers, typewriter correction fluids, and aerosol propellants are common sources of volatile substance abuse. In recent years the abuse of inhalant substances, not only among those who abuse other drugs but also in teenagers and younger children, has been reported. We reviewed retrospectively the cases of inhalant misuse reported to the Spanish Poison Control Center. METHODS: Human intoxications from abuse of inhalant substances registered by our service from 1991 to 2000 were studied. Data analyzed were relative to age, gender, signs and symptoms, drug dependence antecedents, and severity of symptoms of the patients. The type of product and composition were also investigated. RESULTS: During the study period 109 cases of patients aged from 8 to 50 years were collected. A percentage of 36.6% was less or equal to 20 years old. Seventy percent corresponded to males. Of the patients, 11% presented dependence antecedents to other abuse drugs and 72.5% were symptomatic. In the symptomatic exposures clinical features affected the following systems: CNS (62.8%), gastrointestinal (8.1%), cardiovascular (8.1%), respiratory (2.9%), peripheral nervous system (1.1%), renal (1.1%), haematological (1.1%), hepatic (1.7%), and other (13.1%). The commercial products more frequently inhaled were solvents (34.9%) and glues/adhesives (22.9%). We noted the use of medicines with ethyl chloride-local anaesthetic (8.3%), three cases with aerosol bronchodilator (with fluorocarbons as propellants), and one case of xylazine inhalation. The composition most often involved was aromatic hydrocarbons (46.9%), halogenated hydrocarbons (16.5%), aliphatic hydrocarbons (11.4%), ketones (10.1%), local anaesthetic (ethyl chloride) (8.4%), ethers (2.5%), nitrous oxides (2.5%), and aliphatic nitrites (1.7%). The calls received were 59.6% from health care units and 22% from general public. Only 14% of cases were at home and 48% had moderate to severe clinical effects. Acute intoxications occurred in 82% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Inhalation of volatile substance as abuse drugs has been detected in different age groups, including very young people. Although the principal source was industrial products, the use of drugs such as local anaesthetics and aerosol broncodilators was also detected. Based on epidemiological studies in the Spanish population (essentially adolescents and childhood) together with the ability of a Poison Center to detect sentinel-events, the community and authorities should develop strategies to prevent these exposures and the later use of other substances of abuse. In fact, recently a Law on Drug Dependences and Other Addictive Alterations has been approved in Madrid in order to take precautionary measures.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1981

A word processor-based pathology reporting system.

This report describes a pathology report generating system based on a programmable word processing system (Wang OIS-140). The system supports printing of preliminary and final draft reports as well as automatically producing index cards for insertion into a file of previous procedures. Completed pathology reports can be archived on floppy disks if desired. The pathology system is part of a multistation "shared logic" word processing system that serves the needs of several hospital departments. The programming capabilities included in the word processor permit it to handle anatomic pathology reporting functions without the need for an associated general-purpose computer system. Experience with the system indicates that it has produced a 60% increase in the number of reports a secretory can produce compared with the previous system based on magnetic card typewriters.

Computers↗
PubMed2006

Deaf people communicating via SMS, TTY, relay service, fax, and computers in Australia.

Despite the expansion of Deaf people's use of communication technology little is published about how they use electronic communication in their social and working lives and the implications for their concepts of identity and community. Australia is an ideal research base because the use of a range of technologies is widespread there. To gain access to a wide age range of people who identify as Deaf, members of the national organization, the Australian Association of the Deaf, were surveyed by mail. Results showed that Short Message Service (SMS), telephone typewriters (TTY), voice/TTY relay services, fax, and e-mail were used regularly. Deaf users are discerning of the purposes for which they use each method: SMS for social and personal interactions, TTY for longer communications and (via the relay service) with people and services without TTYs, fax for business and social contact, and computers for personal and business e-mails as well as Web browsing, accessing chat rooms, word processing, games, and study.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Abuse of inhalants: a review.

Inhalants, a chemically heterogeneous group of psychoactive substances found in adhesives, lighter fluids, spray paints, cleaning fluids and typewriter correction fluid, may be used by up to 10% of young people. This article reviews the health effects, epidemiology, risk of other substance use and addiction and psychiatric co-morbidity associated with the practice of inhalant use.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

A survey of the computer literacy of undergraduate dental students at a University Dental School in Ireland during the academic year 1997-98.

As dental practice management becomes more computer-based, the efficient functioning of the dentist will become dependent on adequate computer literacy. A survey has been carried out into the computer literacy of a cohort of 140 undergraduate dental students at a University Dental School in Ireland (years 1-5), in the academic year 1997-98. Aspects investigated by anonymous questionnaire were: (1) keyboard skills; (2) computer skills; (3) access to computer facilities; (4) software competencies and (5) use of medical library computer facilities. The students are relatively unfamiliar with basic computer hardware and software: 51.1% considered their expertise with computers as "poor"; 34.3% had taken a formal typewriting or computer keyboarding course; 7.9% had taken a formal computer course at university level and 67.2% were without access to computer facilities at their term-time residences. A majority of students had never used either word-processing, spreadsheet, or graphics programs. Programs relating to "informatics" were more popular, such as literature searching, accessing the Internet and the use of e-mail which represent the major use of the computers in the medical library. The lack of experience with computers may be addressed by including suitable computing courses at the secondary level (age 13-18 years) and/or tertiary level (FE/HE) education programmes. Such training may promote greater use of generic softwares, particularly in the library, with a more electronic-based approach to data handling.

Chi-Square Distribution↗
PubMed1994

Proposal for changes in cystoscopic follow up of patients with bladder cancer and adjuvant intravesical chemotherapy.

A famous surgeon observed that the most important instrument for the management of superficial bladder cancer was a typewriter because it facilitated the organisation of the regular follow up examinations that are so important in controlling this disease. Cystoscopic follow up must be lifelong, and the cost, in the broadest sense, to both patient and health service is considerable. A recent study has suggested that the conventional frequency of bladder examinations may not be necessary and that most patients could be spared many cystoscopies. Instillation of cytotoxic drugs in the bladder has been shown to reduce the recurrence of tumours destroyed endoscopically and the development of new tumours elsewhere in the bladder. Because intravesical instillations are inconvenient, expensive, and may be toxic they have been reserved for patients thought to be at greatest risk of recurrence. However, two clinical trials have shown that a single cytotoxic instillation may be beneficial for low risk patients. If this is verified in everyday practice, the routine use of intravesical chemotherapy for all patients at the time of initial treatment could reduce the need for cystoscopies even further. Such changes should improve the quality of life of the 7000 new patients with superficial bladder cancer each year in England and Wales and allow savings to be made in the NHS.

Administration, Intravesical↗
PubMed1975

Histories obtained by two-stage questionnaire with automated transcript in specialist gynaecological practice.

A two-stage questionnaire which the patient completes at home has been developed for use by gynaecological outpatients. The first stage (root) identifies the patient's problem and obtains general background information. The second stage (branch) deals with the presenting problem in depth. The system has proved highly acceptable to patients. At the clinic a non-medical assistant uses a programmed typewriter to transcribe the data into a typewritten history which is handed to the doctor before he examines the patient. The transcript compares favourably with the conventional hand-written history in content, ease of assimilation, and cost. While the questionnaire itself is an excellent means of collecting information it becomes an efficient means of transmitting information to the clinician only when combined with the transcript facility. There is no storage of confidential information and no scope for unethical disclosure.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Successful out-of-hospital defibrillation for ventricular fibrillation complicating solvent abuse.

The Authors describe the case history of a child who suffered a cardiac arrest with ventricular fibrillation after deliberate inhalation of 1,1,1-Trichloroethane in typewriter correction fluid thinners. Successful out-of-hospital defibrillation was carried out and the patient made a full recovery. The literature relating to this particular form of volatile substance abuse is reviewed.

Child↗
PubMed1970

A data processing system for hospital bacteriology.

A system for the automatic capture and retrieval of information contained in routine bacteriology reports is described. The system depends on the preparation of reports on an electric typewriter producing punched paper tape as a byproduct. Periodically the information contained on the tape is analysed by computer. The potential value of the system for the analysis of the results of antibiotic sensitivity testing and for the study of the epidemiology of hospital infections is briefly discussed.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

An on-line computer system for histopathology reporting.

An on-line computer system was developed for issuing histopathology reports as part of an integrated hospital information system. Input is through a Cossor visual display unit with a typewriter keyboard to a Univac 418 III computer. Stored information is available to authorised hospital staff via similar visual display units located in the wards and laboratories. Existing programs and computer staff were used to provide the new service. It has resulted in better method, speedier communication, and saving of laboratory staff time. The system has yet to be fully tested but initial reactions are favourable and indicate that the investment in computer staff time and extra laboratory equipment will be cost effective.

Online Systems↗
PubMed1988

The effect of frontoparietal lesions on stability and tremor in the finger.

Assessment of stability and tremor in the fingers in patients with unilateral frontoparietal lesions involved the task of attempting to keep the finger still on a typewriter key connected to a strain gauge. In patients with no or minimal pyramidal motor signs and/or cortical sensory signs, the amplitudes of tremor compared with normal controls showed that the contralateral side was not significantly different from normal but that the ipsilateral side was significantly less stable than normal. In normal subjects the tremor seen during the task, and determined from the fast Fourier transform, (FFT), showed a peak at 1-3Hz and a gradual falling off to background levels by 6Hz or so. In patients with spasticity, weakness and sensory impairment there was an additional peak of tremor seen at 6-7Hz ipsilateral to the cerebral lesion.

Adult↗